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DH 150 - Anatomy Terminology > LO 7 > Flashcards

LO 7 Flashcards

1
Q

_________ is how teeth are arranged in a row

A

Alignment

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2
Q

_________ is how the upper teeth will touch, hit and interlock with the lower teeth.

A

Intercuspation

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3
Q

Eruption of __________ establishes vertical height and intercuspation.

A

primary molars

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4
Q

Describe the position and completion of eruption for the primary dentition

A
  1. The primary dentition is usually complete by age 2.5 years.
  2. They erupt in a more upright position than permanent teeth.
  3. The average overjet is 3mm.
  4. The average overbite is 2.5mm.
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5
Q

Describe the terminal plane relationship (steps or planes) for primary dentition

A
  1. Classification of a primary dentition
  2. based on the relationship between the distal surfaces of the primary maxillary and mandibular second molar.
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6
Q

Describe the mesial step relationship for primary dentition

A
  1. The distal surface of the primary mandibular second molar is positioned mesially to the distal surface of the primary maxillary second molar.
  2. Majority of children show a Mesial Step TPR.
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7
Q

Describe the Flush or Straight Terminal Plane relationship for primary dentition

A

The distal surfaces of the primary maxillary and mandibular 2nd molars align evenly.

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8
Q

Describe the Distal Step Terminal Plane Relationship for primary dentition

A
  1. The primary mand. 2nd molar is distal to the distal surface of the primary max. 2nd molar.
  2. Least common
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9
Q

Describe how spaces change in a primary dentition

A
  1. When the primary teeth first erupt there may be very few spaces, but as the child grows so do the jaws.
  2. There is vertical and horizontal growth in both mand. and max. arches.
  3. The teeth stay the same size but the spaces between them become larger.
  4. Diastema – a spacing between the proximal surfaces of teeth in the same arch.
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10
Q

Describe primate spaces

A
  1. Larger spaces found mesial to the maxillary primary canines and distal to the mandibular canines.
  2. Occurs in the primary dentition.
  3. Helps the permanent molars to erupt into a Class I occlusion.
  4. Characteristic of all primates including man.
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11
Q

Describe leeway spaces

A
  1. Happens when primary molars are lost and replaced by narrower permanent premolars.
  2. Extra space which also help achieve a Class I occlusion.
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12
Q

Describe the factors the contribute to the development of the mesial step

A
  1. closing the primary space allows room for the lower molars to move mesially
  2. leeway space allows movement forward.
  3. earlier eruption of the mandibular teeth allows them to move forward before eruption of maxillary molars
  4. heads of the condyles of the mandible continue to grow later than the maxilla, allowing further mesial mandibular advancement
  5. All of these factors help to ensure, in most instances, a Class I occlusion.
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13
Q

Is it possible to have a class one occlusion on one side and not the other?

A
  1. Yes
  2. This can happen if the jaw’s growth is hampered for one reason or another.
  3. Mixed dentition represents a Transitional Stage of Occlusion.
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14
Q

What can affect occlusion?

A
  1. The development of mandible and maxilla.
  2. Muscles of mastication.
  3. Heredity factors (congenitally missing teeth).
  4. Controllable factors (premature loss of deciduous teeth, decayed teeth).
  5. Harmful habits (thumbsucking).
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15
Q

Describe horizontal alignment

A

A good horizontal positioning of teeth within an arch is achieved with the help of:

  1. Lips, cheeks and tongue
  2. Intercuspation helps prevent deviation from their position (buccally or lingually).
  3. Contact areas help stabilize any deviations in a mesial or distal direction.
  4. Alignment of previously erupted teeth.
  5. Mesial drift – closes necessary space
  6. Size and shape of the jaws
  7. Size and shape of teeth
  8. The amount of lingual convergence of each tooth affect not only the alignment of the teeth, but also the curvature of the dental arch and the spacing necessary for incoming teeth.
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16
Q

Describe vertical alignment

A
  1. Teeth are not positioned straight up and down.
  2. Mandibular posterior teeth have a tendency to tip their crowns lingually and their roots laterally.
  3. Maxillary posterior teeth tend to keep their crowns straighter but with a slight buccal inclination and a lingual inclination of the root.
  4. From a lateral view (side) all the teeth show a slight mesial inclination except the max. 3rd molars.
  5. Anterior teeth have a slight labial protrusion.
  6. From the front view anterior crowns incline laterally. (Tip out to the side and toward the front)
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17
Q

Describe the curve of Spee

A
  1. Curve of the mandibular arch
  2. Runs from anterior to posterior.
  3. Curves upward from anterior to posterior.
  4. Starts at the incisal edge of anterior teeth and follows the buccal cusp tip to the third molar.
  5. Alignment seen from a lateral view
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18
Q

Describe the curve of Wilson

A
  1. An occlusal curve for posterior teeth in a direction from right to left, seen from a posterior view.
  2. Transverse occlusal curve from a posterior view.
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19
Q

Describe the sphere of Monson

A
  1. Three-dimensional curve of the occlusal plane.
  2. Combination of the Curve of Spee and Curve of Wilson
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20
Q

Describe occlusion

A
  1. The relationship of the mandibular and maxillary teeth when they are closed together.
  2. When the jaws are completely closed together, two possible relationships occur:
    1. A relationship of the upper jaw to the lower jaw (Centric relation).
    2. A relationship of the upper teeth to the lower teeth (Centric occlusion).
21
Q

What are other terms for centric occlusion?

A

Acquired Occlusion, Convenience Occlusion, Habitual Occlusion and Intercuspal Position

22
Q

Describe the mandibular rest position

A
  1. This is the normal position of the mandible at rest, with the teeth apart.
  2. When a person is relaxed the teeth are not in contact.
  3. The teeth are 2-3 mm apart.
  4. Freeway space – The space between the occlusal surfaces of the posterior teeth.
  5. Also known as: Physiologic Rest Position,
    Postural Rest Position, Rest Position of the Mandible
23
Q

Describe overjet

A
  1. The characteristic of the maxillary teeth to overlap the mandibular teeth in a horizontal direction.
  2. Measured with probe in mm; or observed visually by slight, moderate or severe.
  3. The maxillary arch is slightly larger, it functions to protect the narrow edge of the incisors and to provide for intercuspation of posterior teeth.
24
Q

Describe overbite

A
  1. The characteristic of maxillary anterior teeth to overlap the mandibular teeth in a vertical direction.
  2. Allows for maximum contact between the posterior teeth during mastication.
  3. Measured either in %, in mm (with a periodontal probe) or classified as slight, moderate or severe.
25
Q

If the incisal edge of the maxillary incisors occlude within the incisal 1/3 of the crown of the mandibular Incisors, the overbite is __________

A

Slight

26
Q

If the incisal edge of the maxillary incisors occlude within the middle 1/3 of the crown of the mandibular Incisors, the overbite is __________

A

Moderate

27
Q

If the the incisal edge of the maxillary incisors occlude within the cervical 1/3 of the mandibular Incisors, the overbite is ____________

A

Severe

28
Q

Describe crossbite

A
  1. May be anterior or posterior
  2. Mandibular teeth are located facially to their maxillary counterpart.
29
Q

Describe edge-to-edge occlusion

A
  1. The incisal edges of mandibular incisors occlude with the incisal edges of maxillary incisors.
  2. In the posterior region it is considered end to end.
30
Q

Describe open bite

A
  1. The anterior teeth do not touch but are widely separated.
  2. The anterior teeth do not overlap.
  3. Can be caused by thumbsucking or tongue thrusting.
31
Q

What are the 2 types of occlusal classifications?

A
  1. Skeletal - Based on the relationship of the bone of the maxilla to the bone of the mandible.
  2. Dental
32
Q

What are the 3 facial profiles?

A
  1. Class I (mesognathic) - The maxilla and mandible are in normal relationship to each other
  2. Class II (retrognathic) - The mandible is retruded/ has a distal relationship with the maxilla
  3. Class III (prognathic) - The mandible is protruded/ has a mesial relationship with the maxilla
33
Q

Describe Anlge’s Classification

A
  1. Most popular dental classification system.
  2. The classification of occlusion for the permanent and mixed dentition.
  3. Based on the relationship between the mandibular and maxillary permanent 1st molars, and to a lesser degree, on the relationship between the mandibular and maxillary permanent canines.
  4. The canines are used to classify the occlusion as a result of a missing 1st molars.
  5. It is possible for both sides of the mandible to be in different classes.
34
Q

Describe ideal/normal occlusion

A
  1. Maxilla and mandible in proper harmony.
  2. Condyle in most favorable location within the glenoid fossae.
  3. Muscles of the face and jaw balance with each other.
35
Q

Describe class 1 occlusion (Angle’s)

A
  1. Mesiobuccal cusp of maxillary permanent first molar occludes (falls within) the mesiobuccal groove of the mandibular permanent first molar.
  2. Maxillary canines come in between mandibular canine and premolar.
  3. When determining the occlusion by the canines, the key landmark is the mesial cusp ridge of the max. canine and its relationship to the distal cusp ridge of the mand. canine. It can be on top of, mesial to, or distal to the distal cusp ridge of the mand. canine.
  4. Slight curve of Spee
  5. Tight proximal contacts, no spaces
  6. No rotated teeth
36
Q

Describe stolarized molars

A

Distal marginal ridge of maxillary first molar touches mesial marginal ridge of mandibular second molar

37
Q

Describe class 1 malocclusion (Angle’s)

A
  1. The mesiobuccal cusp of maxillary first molar is directly in line with the mesiobuccal groove of the mandibular first molar.
  2. The maxillary permanent canine occludes with the distal half of the mandibular permanent canine and the mesial half of the mandibular first premolar.
  3. The molar and canine relationships are similar to those in normal occlusion. However, in Class I malocclusion there are mal-relationships between individual teeth or groups of teeth.
  4. Examples: crowding, overbites, openbite or crossbite.
38
Q

Describe class 2 malocclusion (Angle’s)

A
  1. The mesiobuccal groove of the mandibular first permanent molar being distal to the mesiobuccal cusp of the maxillary first permanent molar by at least the width of a premolar.
  2. The canine relationship is such that the distal surface of the mandibular permanent canine is distal to the mesial surface of the maxillary permanent canine.
  3. An individual with a Class II malocclusion usually has a retrognathic facial profile
39
Q

Describe a class 2, division 1 malocclusion (Angle’s)

A
  1. The maxillary incisors protrude facially from the mandibular incisors.
  2. As a result, the mandibular incisors over-erupt, causing a severe overbite.
  3. Often the palate is deep and narrow and the facial profile includes a protruding upper lip.
40
Q

Describe a class 2, division 2 malocclusion (Angle’s)

A

One or more of the maxillary central incisors are lingually inclined or retruded.

41
Q

Describe a class 3 malocclusion

A
  1. The mandible is relatively large compared with the maxilla.
  2. Prognathic profile
  3. The mesiobuccal groove of the mandibular first molar is mesial to the mesiobuccal cusp of the maxillary permanent first molar.
  4. The distal surface of the mandibular permanent canine is mesial to the mesial surface of the maxillary permanent canine.
42
Q

When the primary occlusion is in a Mesial Step Terminal Plane Relationship, it has a tendency to develop into ___________ occlusion. In extreme cases, it can lead to a ___________ occlusion

A
  1. Class I
  2. Class 3
43
Q

It is fairly common for the primary occlusion to be in a __________ Terminal Plane Relationship. It can guide the permanent molars into a Class 1 occlusion.

A

Flush/Straight

44
Q

When the primary occlusion is in a __________ Terminal Plane relationship, it may be a sign of a deficiency in the development of the mandible and will probably develop into a ___________ relationship in the permanent dentition

A
  1. Distal Step
  2. Class ll
45
Q

Describe the effects of malocclusion

A
  1. Negative self-image
  2. More difficult to obtain good oral hygiene
  3. Increase risk for periodontal disease
  4. Possible TMJ pain
46
Q

Describe premature contact

A

One tooth hits the opposing arch before or more than any other.

47
Q

Describe anterior coupling (type of premature contact)

A

The touching of the anterior teeth prematurely to the posterior teeth during centric occlusion

48
Q

Describe the effects of malocclusion premature contact

A
  1. Causes the jaw to deflect before allowing the rest of the teeth to occlude.
  2. TMJ pain and damage
  3. Muscles of mastication sore
  4. Tooth sensitive to percussion and tender during chewing. May become mobile and x-ray may reveal a widening of the periodontal ligaments.
  5. Cracked or broken tooth

DH 150 - Anatomy Terminology (15 decks)

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