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DH 150 - Anatomy Terminology > LO 5 - Premolars > Flashcards

LO 5 - Premolars Flashcards

1
Q

At what age is there evidence of calcification for maxillary first premolars?

A

1.5 years

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2
Q

Maxillary first premolars tend to erupt around _______ years of age

A

10-11

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3
Q

Maxillary first premolar enamel is completed around ________ years of age

A

5-6

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4
Q

Maxillary first premolar roots are completed around _______ years of age

A

12-13

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5
Q

Describe the proximal contact area of maxillary first premolars

A
  1. Mesial - just cervical to the junction of the occlusal and middle third
  2. Distal - just cervical to the junction of the occlusal and middle third
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6
Q

Describe the height of contour for maxillary first premolars

A
  1. Facial - cervical third
  2. Lingual - middle third
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7
Q

How many roots does a maxillary first premolar have?

A

2

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8
Q

How many cusps does a maxillary first premolar have?

A

2

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9
Q

How many pulp horns does a maxillary first premolar have?

A

2

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10
Q

How many developmental lobes does a maxillary first premolar have?

A

4 - 3 facial, 1 lingual

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11
Q

Describe the buckle aspect of maxillary first premolars

A
  1. Crown slightly shorter and narrower than Max canine
  2. Cervically the distal border is straight, mesial border is concave
  3. Tip of the facial cusp is located slightly distal to the midline
  4. Facial cusp of this Crown is approximately 1 mm longer than lingual cusp
  5. There is a well-developed facial (buccal) ridge which gives the facial surface its great bulk
  6. Two slight facial grooves mark the union of the three facial lobes
  7. The cervical line curves evenly toward the Apex
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12
Q

Describe the lingual aspect of maxillary first premolars

A
  1. The crown converges toward the lingual cusp; which is shorter and narrower than the facial cusp
  2. The tip of the lingual cusp is located slightly toward the mesial side of the midline and the mesolingual and distolingual line angles are indistinct
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13
Q

Describe the mesial aspect of maxillary first premolars

A
  1. Missile marginal groove crosses mesial marginal ridge and continues to the middle third of the surface (this groove at times is not present)
  2. Mesial developmental depression cervical to the contact area joins a deep depression on the root trunk
  3. Note the longer facial cusp is well seen from the proximal view
  4. The curvature of the cervical line is toward the occlusal with the greatest amount of curvature on the mesial
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14
Q

Describe the distal aspect of the maxillary first premolars

A
  1. Similar to the mesial, except usually no deep distal marginal groove (crown and root depression)
  2. Less cervical line curvature
  3. Buccal and lingual cusp tips are centered over the root
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15
Q

Describe the occlusal aspect of maxillary first premolars

A
  1. Buccolingual dimension is greater than the mesiodistal
  2. When you will cuss will be more pointed than the buccal; the buccal is larger and longer
  3. Each cusp has four ridges; facial, lingual, mesial, and distal
  4. There is a transverse ridge (the lingual cusp ridge of the facial cusp and the facial cost bridge of the lingual cusp)
  5. A well-defined central groove divides the occlusal surface. Three grooves meet the central groove at its mesial end; the mesial marginal groove, the mesiofacial triangular groove, and the mesolingual triangular groove
  6. The distal marginal groove, distofacial triangular groove, and the distolingual triangular groove meet the central groove at its distal end
  7. A mesial and distal pit are often found - pits are potential sites for caries
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16
Q

Describe the root and pulp cavity of the maxillary first premolars

A
  1. Root maybe either single or bifurcated (bifurcated is more common)
  2. Even the single root form, two root canals are usually present (grooves in the middle of root)
  3. Bifurcated root form: one buccal and one lingual root
  4. The buccal root is wider and longer than the lingual root
  5. Mesial surface has a more highly developed root groove
  6. Two pulp horns, one for each cusp
  7. Two root canals, one for each root
  8. When a single root is present, usually two root canals (often combine to form one apical foramen)
  9. In some specimens with only one root, only one single root canal is present
  10. Roots are wider in a faciolingual direction
  11. Lingual root is shorter than the facial root
  12. Bifurcation will occur most frequently in the middle third of the root
  13. Deep Musial root concavity, on the distal surface this is reduced
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17
Q

Maxillary second premolars show evidence of calcification around _______ years of age

A

2

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18
Q

Maxillary second premolars tend to erupt around _______ years of age

A

10-12

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19
Q

Maxillary second premolar enamel completion is around _______ years of age

A

6-7

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20
Q

Maxillary second premolars roots are completed around _________ years of age

A

12-14

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21
Q

Describe the proximal contact areas of maxillary second premolars

A
  1. Mesial - just cervical to the junction of occlusal and middle third
  2. Distal - just cervical to the junction of occlusal and middle third
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22
Q

Describe the height of contour of maxillary second premolars

A
  1. Facial - cervical third
  2. Lingual - middle third
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23
Q

How many roots does a maxillary second premolar have?

A

1

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24
Q

How many cusps does a maxillary second premolar have?

A

2

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25
Q

How many pulp horns does a maxillary second premolar have?

A

2

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26
Q

How many developmental lobes does some maxillary second premolar have?

A

4 - three facial, one lingual

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27
Q

Describe the facial aspect of maxillary second premolars

A
  1. The buccal cusp is shorter and less pointed than the first premolar
  2. A second premolar has the same general markings as the first, but they are not as well defined
28
Q

Describe the lingual aspect of the maxillary second premolar

A
  1. There is little variation from the first premolar except for a linkual cusp which is almost the same length as the facial cusp
29
Q

Describe the mesial aspect of maxillary second premolars

A
  1. Buccal and Link you all cusps are nearly the same length
  2. No deep missile marginal groove crosses the mesial marginal ridge
  3. No deep developmental depression
  4. Crown surface is convex
  5. Shallow developmental groove bisects single root form
30
Q

Describe the distal aspect of maxillary second premolars

A
  1. Same as on the first premolar
  2. Less cervical line curvature on all surfaces
  3. The steps of curvature will continue to decrease on posterior teeth
31
Q

Describe the occlusal aspect of maxillary second premolars

A
  1. More rounded than that of the first premolar
  2. Linkual cusp is almost as wide as the buccal
  3. Central groove is shorter, shallower
  4. Numerous secondary or supplemental grooves (wrinkled appearance)
32
Q

Describe the root and pulp cavity of the maxillary second premolar

A
  1. Usually a single root with mesial and distal longitudinal grooves
  2. Bifurcated root form has two root canals
  3. Pop cavity has two pulp horns and a single root canal
  4. Single rooted form is more common; it is also more common to have one root canal
  5. If two root canals are present in a single root they usually join to form one single apical foramen
  6. In a bifurcated route to canals into two apical foramina are present
33
Q

Mandibular first premolars show evidence of calcification around _______ years of age

A

2

34
Q

Mandibular first premolars have completed enamel around ________ years of age

A

5-6

35
Q

Mandibular first premolars tend to erupt around ________ years of age

A

10-12

36
Q

Mandibular first premolars have completed Roots around _________ years of age

A

12-13

37
Q

How many roots does a mandibular first premolar have?

A

1

38
Q

How many pulp horns does a mandibular first premolar have?

A

1-2

39
Q

How many cusps does a mandibular first premolar have?

A

2

40
Q

Describe the proximal contact areas of mandibular first premolars

A
  1. Mesial - just cervical to the junction of occlusal and middle thirds
  2. Distal - just cervical to the junction of occlusal in middle thirds
41
Q

Describe the height of contour of mandibular first premolars

A
  1. Facial - cervical third
  2. Lingual - middle third
42
Q

How many developmental lobes does a mandibular first premolar have?

A

4 - three facial, one lingual

43
Q

Describe the facial aspect of a mandibular first premolar

A
  1. Cusp tip of premolar is shorter than cup of canine
  2. Sharp buccal cusp
  3. The distal cusp ridge is longer than the mesial cusp ridge
  4. Prominent facial ridge and two developmental depressions
  5. More convex than the maxillary premolar at the cervical and middle-thirds
44
Q

Describe the lingual aspect of a mandibular first premolar

A
  1. Linkuel cusp of this tooth is considered “afunctional” because it is so small in both height and width that it doesn’t include with any maxillary teeth
  2. Crown and root of this tooth taper toward the lingual
  3. Occlusal surface tapers toward the lingual
  4. A large linkual triangular ridge coming off the buccal cusp
  5. Mesial and distal fossa on each side of this ridge (either fossa may contain a pit)
  6. Unique feature of this tooth is the mesiolingual developmental groove which separates the mesial marginal ridge from the lingual cusp
45
Q

Describe the Musial aspect of the mandibular first premolar

A
  1. Large buccal cusp (centered directly over the root of the tooth) and the much smaller lingual cusp which is lingual to the long axis of the tooth
  2. Mesial marginal ridge is poorly formed
  3. Mesiolingual developmental groove can be seen
  4. Slight curvature of the cervical line
46
Q

Describe the distal aspect of the mandibular first premolar

A
  1. No mesiolingual developmental groove is evident
  2. The distal marginal ridge is much more developed than the mesial ridge
  3. The curvature of the cervical line is one millimeter Less on the distal
  4. The distal contact area is broader than the mesial
  5. The root is more convex distally than mesially
47
Q

Describe the occlusal aspect of the mandibular first premolar

A
  1. Often does not have a central groove crossing the occlusal surface
  2. Crown converges sharply toward the lingual side
  3. When you all cusp is small
  4. Buccal cusp shows a heavy facial triangular ridge and a smaller lingual triangular ridge
  5. Mesial and distal fossa are visible
  6. The only premolars that may have a transverse ridge that does not cross an occlusal developmental groove
  7. The mesial developmental groove extends from the mesial fossa lingually, between the mesial marginal ridge and the lingual cusp, and on to the lingual surface
  8. Either fossa may contain a pit
48
Q

Describe the root and pulp cavity of the mandibular first premolar

A
  1. Normally a single root
  2. Musial and distal surfaces are usually slightly convex
  3. If a longitudinal groove is present, then the mesial and distal surfaces may be concave
  4. Occasionally, two roots are present (buccal and lingual); a deep longitudinal groove separates the root on the proximal sides in such cases
  5. Pulp cavity comprises two pulp horns, a pulp chamber and a single root canal
  6. Buccal pulp horn is dominant, and the lingual pulp horn is small
49
Q

The mandibular 2nd premolar shows evidence of calcification around ________ years of age

A

2.5

50
Q

Enamel of mandibular second premolars is completed around ________ years of age

A

6-7

51
Q

Mandibular second premolars tend to wrapped around ________ years of age

A

11-12

52
Q

Mandibular second premolar roots are completed around _______years of age

A

13-14

53
Q

How many roots does a mandibular second premolar have?

A

1

54
Q

How many pulp horns does a mandibular second premolar have?

A

2-3

55
Q

How many cusps does a mandibular second premolar have?

A

2-3

56
Q

How many developmental lobes does a mandibular second premolar have?

A

4 or 5 - 3 facial and 1-2 lingual

57
Q

Describe the proximal contact areas of mandibular second premolars

A
  1. Mesial - just cervical to the junction of the occlusal and middle thirds
  2. Distal - just cervical to the junction of the occlusal and middle thirds
58
Q

Describe the height of contour of mandibular second premolars

A
  1. Facial - cervical third
  2. Lingual - middle third
59
Q

Describe the facial aspect of mandibular second premolars

A
  1. The mandibular second premolar is almost always larger than the first
  2. From the facial view, the crown resembles a first premolar and its general shape, however the second premolar has a shorter cusp and the mesiobuccal and distobuccal cusp ridges are more rounded
60
Q

Describe the lingual aspect of mandibular second premolars

A
  1. Shows much variation because of the two different cusp forms

Everything below is compared to mandibular first premolar:
2. Lingual are lobes are developed to a greater degree
3. At least one lingual cusp is longer than a lingual cusp of a first premolar
4. Three cusp form - mesolingual and distolingual cusps are present
5. Mesiolingual cusp is usually the wider and longer of the two cusps, which are divided by a lingual groove
6. In the two cusp form - the single lingual lobe is higher than on a mandibular first premolar
7. No groove is on the lingual lobe in the three cusp form
8. Developmental depression can be seen distolingually where the lingual cusp ridge joins the distal marginal ridge
9. The lingual surface of the root is wider than that of a first premolar
10. The lingual portion of the crown and root is slightly convex

61
Q

Describe the mesial aspect of a mandibular second premolar

A
  1. The second premolar differs mesially from a first premolar in the following ways:
    1. The buccal cusp is shorter and its tip is located more to the buccal side
    2. The crown and root are wider buccolingually
    3. The lingual lobe shows more development
    4. The mesial marginal ridge is more developed (higher)
    5. There is no mesiolingual developmental groove
62
Q

Describe the distal aspect of a mandibular second premolar

A
  1. Similar to the mesial except the distal marginal ridge is at a slightly lower level and more of the occlusal surface can be seen
63
Q

Describe the occlusal aspect of a 3 cusp mandibular second premolar

A
  1. The three cusp type with two lingual cusps is the most common form
  2. Each of the three cusps has a well-developed triangular ridge running toward the center of the occlusal surface
  3. The facial cusp is the largest and the distolingual is the smallest
  4. The y groove pattern is associated with this tooth; it is the most common groove form (the three developmental grooves are the mesial, to still, and lingual - generally, the second premolars have more secondary groups than the first)
  5. Mesial and distal fossa are present and pits in these fossa are commonly found - usually there is a central pit
64
Q

Describe the occlusal aspect of a mandibular second premolar with two cusps

A
  1. In the two cusp form, as compared with the three cusp form, the following observations can be noted:
    1. The occlusal outline of the crown is more rounded
    2. The lingual surface of the crown is more convex and tapers towards the lingual
    3. No lingual developmental groove is present
    4. There is a well-developed lingual cusp located directly opposite the buckle cusp
    5. Usually no Central pit is present; a mesial or distal pit is much more likely
  2. In the two cusp type, the groove pattern can either be a U (sometimes called a C) or an H groove pattern (much more common)
  3. The pattern depends on whether the central developmental groove is straight mesiodistally or curves buccally at its ends
  4. The central groove separates the two triangular ridges and terminates into a mesial and distal fossa
65
Q

Describe the root and pulp cavity of the mandibular second premolar

A
  1. Similar to the mandibular first premolar
  2. It is longer and wider buccolingually
  3. It has no tendency to bifurcate, as the mandibular first premolar sometimes does
  4. The distal surface of the root of the first and second premolars is more likely to have a longitudinal depression in the middle third
  5. Pulp cavity shows two pointed pulp horns and three in the three cusp variety
  6. The pulp horns are more pointed than in the mandibular first premolar
  7. A single root canal is present with even less tendency to have divided root canals

DH 150 - Anatomy Terminology (15 decks)

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