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DH 150 - Anatomy Terminology > LO 2 > Flashcards

LO 2 Flashcards

1
Q

A _______ is a depression in the tooth’s surface

A

Concavity

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2
Q

A _____ is a bulge in the tooth’s surface

A

Convexity

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3
Q

Describe tooth cusps

A
  1. A pointed or rounded elevation of enamel that makes up a major division of its occlusal or incisal surface
  2. Vary in size and number from tooth to tooth
  3. Found on canines, premolars, and molars
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4
Q

Describe lobes

A
  1. All teeth are formed from lobes
  2. Each tooth formed from 4+ lobes
  3. Lobes are growth centers
  4. The lobes grow and eventually fuse , but a line remains on the erupted tooth where fusion took place
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5
Q

_________ are fine lines in the enamel of a tooth that marks the union of the lobes of the crown. They are long in length and well-defined

A

Developmental grooves

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6
Q

How are developmental grooves named?

A

According to the direction they face

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7
Q

Developmental grooves form as enamel develops laterally and touches enamel developing from other lobes, forming a junction. They appear on buccal, labial, and lingual surfaces, but are least apparent on the ______ of the _______

A

Labial aspect; anteriors

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8
Q

Describe supplemental grooves

A
  1. Minor, auxiliary grooves
  2. Branch from more prominent developmental grooves
  3. Do not represent junction of primary tooth parts
  4. Gives the occlusal surface a wrinkled appearance
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9
Q

Describe mamelon

A
  1. One of 3 rounded protuberances of the incisal surface of a newly erupted tooth
  2. After eruption, they wear down leaving a smooth incisal surface
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10
Q

Describe tubercle

A
  1. Small elevation of enamel on some portion of the crown of the tooth
  2. Not always on lingual surface, can occur on labial or occlusal surface
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11
Q

Describe fossa

A
  1. Depression/concavity of the lingual surface of all anterior teeth (shaped like shovel) and the occlusal surface of posterior teeth
  2. Named for their location - direction they face
  3. Vary in size and depth
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12
Q

Describe central fossa

A

Centrally located depression found on the occlusal surface of molars and mandibular second premolars

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13
Q

Describe lingual fossa

A

Irregular, shallow depression found on the lingual surfaces of an incisor or cuspid (on either side of lingual ridge)

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14
Q

Describe triangular fossa

A

Located adjacent to the marginal ridges on the occlusal surfaces of posterior teeth. Two types of triangular fossae are mesial and distal

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15
Q

Describe pits

A
  1. Pinpoint hole within fossa or anywhere on the tooth
  2. Usually occur along developmental grooves or fossa
  3. Named for their location on the tooth (e.g. central pit)
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16
Q

Describe fissures

A
  1. A developmental line fault, usually found in the occlusal or buccal surface of a tooth
  2. Commonly the result of the imperfect fusion of the enamel of the adjoining dental lobes
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17
Q

Describe the cingulum

A
  1. Found on the lingual aspect of an anterior tooth.
  2. It is a convex mount of enamel localized to the cervical third of the crown
  3. Is the lingual lobe of anterior teeth (they have 3 on front, and this one on back)
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18
Q

Describe ridges

A
  1. Elevated portion of enamel on a tooth that runs in a line
  2. Found on the crowns of both anterior and posterior teeth
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19
Q

Describe the lingual ridge

A

The ridge of enamel that extends from the cingulum to the cusp tip on the lingual surface of most cuspids

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20
Q

Describe marginal ridges

A

Rounded borders of enamel that form on the mesial and distal shoulders of the occlusal surfaces of the posterior teeth and the mesial and distal shoulders of the lingual surfaces of the anterior teeth

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21
Q

Describe triangular ridge

A
  1. Main ridges on each cusp that run from the tip of the cusp to the central part of the occlusal surface
  2. It is a convexity or bulge
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22
Q

Describe transverse ridge

A

The union of two triangular ridges, a buccal and lingual, that cross the occlusal surface of a posterior tooth

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23
Q

Describe oblique ridge

A
  1. Only found on maxillary molars
  2. Consists of an elevated prominence on the occlusal surface and extends obliquely from the tips of the mesiolingual cusp of the distobuccal cusp
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24
Q

What are the 7 specific functions of curvatures?

A
  1. Prevent disease
  2. Prevent damage
  3. Prevent bacterial invasion
  4. Prevent calculus build up
  5. Disperse excessive occlusal trauma and biting forces
  6. Protect gingiva and periodontium (supporting structures of the teeth)
  7. Align and stabilize the entire dentition (teeth position in jaw)
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25
Q

What are the 6 specific curvatures?
* look this up in textbook

A
  1. Proximal contact areas
  2. Interproximal spaces
  3. Embrasures - spillways
  4. Facial and lingual contours of the tooth
  5. Curve of path of CEJ around each tooth
  6. Self-cleansing qualities of the teeth
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26
Q

What are the 6 specific curvatures?
* look up in textbook

A
  1. Proximal contact areas
  2. Interproximal spaces
  3. Embrasures - spillways
  4. Facial and lingual contours of the tooth
  5. Curve path of CEJ around each tooth
  6. Self-cleansing qualities of the teeth
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27
Q

Describe proximal contact areas

A

Areas on the surfaces of the teeth where the proximal surfaces touch

28
Q

What is beneficial about proximal contact areas?

A
  1. Prevent food from packing between the teeth
  2. Protects underlying gum tissue between the teeth
  3. Offer support and anchorage to one another and resistance to displacement from traumatic forces
29
Q

What is the concern about teeth sharing interproximal bone?

A

If something happens to cause loss of bone, it can affect both teeth

30
Q

Where on the mesial and distal surfaces are proximal contacts?

A

The widest portion and the greatest curvature = height/crest of curvature

31
Q

What are the 5 general rules regarding contact areas?

A
  1. Contacts become more cervically located from anterior to posterior in each quadrant - go from incisal to middle
  2. The distal contact is lower (more cervically located) than the mesial contact in each tooth
  3. The actual size of the contact area will increase from anterior to posterior
  4. Anterior contacts are somewhat centered on the proximal surface
  5. Posterior contacts are somewhat buccal (towards the facial)
32
Q

How does contact point differ from contact area?

A
  1. Not proximal surfaces, it is occlusal surfaces
33
Q

Describe contact point

A
  1. Differs from contact area
  2. Occlusal cusp of one tooth touches the occlusal portion of another tooth in the opposing arch
  3. Contact point of an upper tooth hits (occluded and makes contact with) the contact point of a lower tooth
34
Q

Describe interproximal spaces

A
  1. Triangular shaped spaces between the teeth
  2. Normally filled with gingiva - keeps the food from collecting cervically to the contact areas between the teeth
35
Q

What are the functions of interproximal spaces?

A
  1. Prevent food and debris from filling contact area (unless recession of gingiva)
  2. The space allows for more bone which means a better blood supply (therefore more nourishment)
36
Q

What happens when the interproximal space has lost its interdental papilla?

A

Cervical embrasure

37
Q

What are the boundaries of interproximal spaces?

A
  1. Apex of the interproximal space is formed by contact area
  2. Sides of space are formed by proximal surfaces
  3. Base if the triangle is the alveolar bone
38
Q

Describe cervical embrasure

A
  1. Recession and disease occur between teeth - papilla and bone no longer fill the entire space (the void is cervical embrasure)
  2. Space where bateria, calculus, and food debris can accumulate
39
Q

Describe interdental papilla

A
  1. Projection of gingiva between the teeth
  2. Keeps food from collecting cervically to the contact areas between the teeth
40
Q

Describe embrasures (spillways)

A
  1. Normal spaces between the teeth that are occlusal to the contact area
  2. Named for their location in relation to the contact area (buccal, lingual, incisal, or occlusal)
41
Q

What are 4 functions of embrasures?

A
  1. Allow the passage of food around teeth so that food is not forced into the contact area
  2. Dissipate and reduce the forces of occlusal trauma
  3. Self-cleansing
  4. Permit the amount of stimulation to the gingiva by frictional massage
42
Q

Describe the relative sizes of embrasures

A
  1. Strictly related to the location of the contact areas
  2. As the contact areas become more cervically located from anterior to posterior, the incisal and occlusal embrasures become larger and cervical embrasures get smaller
  3. Lingual is the largest - from contact point outward, teeth are narrower on the lingual side than facial
43
Q

The correct degree of facial or lingual curvature allows for _____________

A

Proper deflection of food so that the right amount of tissue stimulation occurs and the gingival cervices are protected

44
Q

The contour on the lingual surface should allow the tongue to _____________

A

Rest against the teeth to promote the most efficient cleaning

45
Q

The facial height of contour allows for maximum __________

A

Cleaning of the lips and cheeks

46
Q

The widest part of the crown is called _________

A

The crest of curvature/height of contour

47
Q

What is the facial and lingual height of contour on all teeth?

A
  1. Facial csurfaces of all teeth - cervical third
  2. Lingual surfaces of anterior teeth - cervical thrid
  3. Lingual surfaces of posterior teeth - middle third
48
Q

What is the issue with under contoured areas?

A

Food is forced into and between the gingival sulcus therefore traumatizing the tissue = gingival breakdown

49
Q

What is the issue with overcontoured areas (caused by restorations - overhanging restorations)?

A

Food flow is totally away from the gingiva, therefore allowing no stimulation/inadequate stimulation leading to gingival breakdown

50
Q

What is the importance of the curvature of the CEJ?

A
  1. Seperates enamel of crown from cementum of root
  2. Healthy gingival tissue is near CEJ (about 1mm)
  3. Important clinically for effective instrumentation and avoidance of tissue injury
51
Q

What is the level of the CEJ related to?

A
  1. Contact areas of teeth
  2. Width of the crown
52
Q

Why is the CEJ higher on anterior teeth?

A

Because it coincides with the projection of bone. Anterior teeth are slender and therefore need more support

53
Q

Why is the CEJ curvature less in the posterior teeth?

A

The teeth are wide and short and the max/mand are wider as you move posteriorly. These both allow for good support, therefore CEJ curvature is less and contacts are in the middle third

54
Q

What are the 4 rules of CEJ curvature?

A
  1. The cervical line is curved convex toward the apex on the facial and lingual surfaces
  2. The CEJ is curved convex to the incisal or occlusal on the proximal surfaces
  3. The depth of the curve is greatest on the mesial and less on the proximal by approximately 1mm
  4. The depth of curvature on all surfaces is greatest on the central incisors and decrease posteriorly
55
Q

Most decay on teeth occur on the _______ and ________ surfaces

A

Proximal and occlusal

56
Q

What are 2 qualities of teeth that make them self-cleansing?

A
  1. The crowns are covered in very smooth enamel
  2. The shape of the crown
57
Q

What are the 3 rules of self-cleansing qualities of teeth?

A
  1. Proper contour will assist in cleansing and stimulation of gingiva - helps prevent periodontal disease
  2. Smooth enamel prevents food from sticking, helps prevent tooth decay
  3. The surface is hardest to clean next to the proximal surfaces and occlusal is next hardest to clean
58
Q

How many teeth are in the deciduous/primary dentition?

A

20

59
Q

How many teeth are in the permanent/secondary dentition?

A

32

60
Q

Permentant dentition quadrants are named 1-4 while primary dentition is numbered ________

A

5-8

61
Q

Describe sextants

A
  1. There are 6 sextants, each arch is divided into 3
  2. Divisions created between the anterior and posterior teeth
  3. Not used very often
62
Q

When identifying a tooth, what 4 pieces of informations should you provide?

A
  1. Dentition
  2. Arch
  3. Quadrant
  4. Tooth

(E.g. permentant, mandibular, right, central incisor)

63
Q

What are the 3 tooth numbering systems?

A
  1. Universal numbering system
  2. International numbering system FDI
  3. Palmer Notation System
64
Q

Describe the universal numbering system

A
  1. Teeth numbered 1-32 starting with max right permanent 3rd molar
  2. Left mand third molar is 17
  3. Primary teeth are alphabetical A-T
65
Q

Describe the international numbering system (FDI)

A
  1. Two digit system - digit 1 is quadrant and digit 2 is the tooth
  2. Permenant quadrants 1-4
  3. Primary quadrants 5-8
  4. Permenant teeth 1-8 starting with central incisor as 1
  5. Primary teeth 1-5 with central incisor being1
66
Q

Describe the Palmer Notation system

A
  1. Each of the 4 quadrants is given its own prefix symbol
  2. Numbers or letters are placed in the bracket with a line to their immediate right as the practitioner views it (indicated midline)
  3. The number or letter of tooth is based on position to midline - 1/A for central incisors

DH 150 - Anatomy Terminology (15 decks)

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