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DH 150 - Anatomy Terminology > LO 3 > Flashcards

LO 3 Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 3 vertical divisions of the facial/buccal surface of teeth?

A
  1. Mesial third
  2. Middle third
  3. Distal third
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2
Q

What are the 3 vertical divisions of the proximal surfaces of teeth?

A
  1. Facial (or buccal) third
  2. Middle third
  3. Lingual third
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3
Q

What are the 3 horizontal divisions of the crown?

A
  1. Occlusal (or incisal) third
  2. Middle third
  3. Cervical (or gingival) third
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4
Q

What are the 3 horizontal divisions of the root?

A
  1. Cervical third
  2. Middle third
  3. Apical third
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5
Q

Describe point angles

A
  1. Point at which 3 surfaces meet
  2. Both anterior and posterior teeth have 4 point angles
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6
Q

What are the 4 point angles of anterior teeth?

A
  1. Distolingualincisal
  2. Distolabioincisal
  3. Mesiolinguoincisal
  4. Mesiolabioincisal
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7
Q

What are the 4 point angles of posterior teeth?

A
  1. Distolingo-occlusal
  2. Distobucco-occlusal
  3. Mesiobucco-occlusal
  4. Mesiolinguo-occlusal
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8
Q

Describe the oral cavity

A
  1. Inside the mouth
  2. Beginning of digestive system, posterior end is pathway for respiratory system
  3. Begins at lips and cheeks and ends at tonsils
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9
Q

What are the 2 major components of the oral cavity?

A
  1. The vestibule
  2. The oral cavity proper
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10
Q

Describe the vestibule

A
  1. The space that exists between the lips/cheeks and teeth
  2. In endentulous (toothless) people, it extends between the lips/cheeks and alveolar ridges
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11
Q

Describe the oral cavity proper

A
  1. The area surrounded by the teeth or alveolar ridges back to the area of the palatine tonsils
  2. Includes the region from floor of mouth upward to the hard and soft palates
  3. See when mouth is open
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12
Q

What are the 5 components of the exterior of the vestibule?

A
  1. Lips - junction between the skin (dry) and mucosa of oral cavity (moist, soft, pink, & non-keratinized
  2. Vermilion zone (or border) - transitional zone of reddish tissue between skin and lips (where cold sores live)
  3. Philtrum - indentation at the midline of upper lip (at the lateral junction a cleft lip might form)
  4. Labial commissure - corners of the mouth
  5. Tubercle - the bump in the upper lip that pushes into the bottom lip
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13
Q

What is the anterior border of the vestibule?

A
  1. Lips (labia) and cheeks (Bucca)
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14
Q

Describe the parotid papilla

A
  1. A small elevation of tissue containing the opening of the parotid gland (Stensen’s duct)
  2. Located on the inner portion of the buccal mucosa (opposite the maxillary second molar)
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15
Q

What is the posterior border of the vestibule?

A
  1. Ramus (vertical part of jaw bone) of the mandible
  2. Zygomaticoalveolar crest (cheekbone)
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16
Q

What are the superior and inferior borders of the vestibule?

A
  1. Mucobuccal fold or mucolabial fold - point at which the mucosa of the lips or cheeks turn toward the gingiva
  2. Alveolar mucosa - mucosa lying against the alveolar bone. Loosely attached and moveable. It is red, thin mucosa (very vascular)
  3. Gingiva - point at which the mucosa becomes lightly attached to the bone - pink in colour and thicker than mucosa
  4. Mucogingival junction - area where mucobuccal folds end and gingiva begins
  5. Labial frenum - tissue attached to the alveolar mucosa, connective tissue, upper is more pronounced than lower (problems may occur with either one)
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17
Q

Describe diastemas

A
  1. Any space between teeth in the same arch (common between front 2 teeth)
  2. Frenum can be so firmly attached that it extends to alveolar ridge (does not let central incisors erupt and pushes them aside to create space)
  3. Can be surgically corrected
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18
Q

Describe frenum

A
  1. Frenum can be so firmly attached that it extends to alveolar ridge (does not let central incisors erupt and pushes them aside to create space)
  2. Can be surgically corrected
  3. Lower labial frenum can create recession of gingiva
  4. Frenum also exist in canine area, doesn’t tend to cause problems, but should be taken into account when making dentures
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19
Q

What is the coronoid process and why is it important?

A
  1. A bonus projection at the upper anterior ramus (vertical part of jaw bone) of the mandible; point of attachment for the temporal muscle
  2. Important to take note when taking x-rays and impressions
  3. When opening, it moves into vestibular space
20
Q

Alveolar bone loss is common in endentulous (toothless) patients. Why is this a problem?

A
  1. In making dentures, if bone loss is too great, it can be very difficult to make a stable lower denture
21
Q

Describe Fordyce granules

A
  1. Found in mucosa of lips, cheeks, and retro molar pads
  2. They are misplaced sebaceous glands (many little openings)
  3. Sebaceous glands are usually associated with hair follicles
  4. 60-80% of the population has Fordyce granules
  5. Yellowish granular structures embedded in mucosa area
22
Q

What are exostoses?.

A
  1. Found on the buccal alveolar bone
  2. Small bony growths
  3. More often on mandible, but can be on either arch
  4. No consequence, but can be tender when brushing
  5. Generally have to be removed when making dentures for proper fit, but can grow back
23
Q

Describe rugae

A
  1. Anterior portion of the hard palate (the part that feels like a Klingon forehead)
  2. Transverse ridges of the epithelial
  3. Covered with keratinized epithelium
  4. Often burned with hot food
24
Q

Describe the incisive papilla

A

Singular bulge of of tissue at the midline, immediately between (and lingual to) the central incisors

25
Q

Describe the incisive foramen

A
  1. A void in the hard palate beneath the incisive papilla
  2. Carries nasopalantine nerves and blood vessels to the mucous membrane lingual to the maxillary incisor teeth
  3. Point of injection - freezes the anterior palate area between the canines
26
Q

Describe the greater palatine foramina

A
  1. Lingual to second and third molars
  2. Openings on each side
  3. Where the rest of nerves and blood vessels (not in incisive foramen) enter the hard palate
  4. Injection site
27
Q

Describe the lesser palatine foramina

A
  1. Carries nerves and blood to he soft palate
  2. Injection site
28
Q

Describe the tissues beneath the hard palate

A
  1. Midline - thin connective tissues, feels hard and bony
  2. Anterolateral - connective tissue contains fat cells and is thicker than at the midline
  3. Posterolateral - fat cells, and many minor salivary glands to secrete mucus
29
Q

Describe Torus palatinus

A
  1. Excess bony growth that occurs in the midline of the hard palate
  2. Grows to varying sizes
  3. Only a problem when an upper denture is needed
  4. Usually removed surgically if necessary
30
Q

Describe the posterior nasal spine

A
  1. Double curving line that forms at the junction between the hard and soft palates
  2. Can’t see it, but can palpate it (feel it out)
31
Q

Describe the fovea palantinae

A

2 small depressions on each side of the posterior nasal spine

32
Q

Describe the soft palate

A
  1. Stretches back from hard palate
  2. At the midline is a downward projecting muscle called the uvula
  3. When relaxed, it has a slightly arching form from one side for he other
  4. Moves in various positions for speech and swallowing - closes off the oral pharynx from the nasal pharynx
33
Q

What are the 2 types of pillars?

A
  1. Posterior pillar (palatopharyngeal arch) - more prominent fold, behind the tonsils
  2. Anterior pillar (palatoglossal arch) - immediately in front of the tonsils
34
Q

Describe the retromolar pad

A
  1. Posterior to mandibular 3rd molar
  2. Small elevation of tissue
35
Q

What are fauces?

A

Spaces between left and right tonsils and their pillars

36
Q

What is the primary location for oral cancer on the tongue

A

Lateral border

37
Q

What are lingual tonsils?

A

Lymphoid tissue T the base of the tongue

38
Q

Describe the lingual frenum

A
  1. Fold of tissue that attaches the underside (ventral) of the tongue to the floor of the mouth
  2. If attached too close to tip of tongue, the tongue will have limited movement (anklyoglossia)
39
Q

Describe the sublingual caruncle

A
  1. Small elevation on either side of the lingual frenum
  2. Opening ducts of 2 of the major salivary glands (submandibular and sublingual)
40
Q

Describe the sublingual fold

A
  1. Folds of tissue
  2. Extends from the sublingual caruncle back along the floor of the mouth on either side
41
Q

Describe the mylohyoid muscle

A
  1. Raises the tongue and floor if the mouth
  2. Tissue on the floor of the mouth is thinnest and quite sensitive to trauma
42
Q

_________ are bony growths on the lingual cortical plate of the bone opposite of mandibular canines

A

Mandibular tori

43
Q

________ is the stratified, squamous epithelial lining of the oral cavity

A

Oral mucous membrane

44
Q

What are the 3 types of oral mucous membranes?

A
  1. Specialized - found on dorsal surface or top of the tongue
  2. Masticatory - found on gingiva and hard palate, undergoes trauma or compression during mastication
  3. Lining mucosa - all other areas of oral mucosa
45
Q

Stratified squamous epithelium (lining mucosa) can be _______, ________, or _________

A
  1. Keratinized - surface is layer of dead cells without nuclei
  2. Parakeratinized - surface are some dead cells without nuclei and some dying
  3. Non-keratinized - cells on surface are normal and healthy

DH 150 - Anatomy Terminology (15 decks)

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