LO 5 - Max Incisors And General Rules Flashcards

1
Q

The curve of the CEJ is usually 1 mm less on the ______ surface than on the ______

A

Distal;mesial

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2
Q

If roots curve, especially at the Apex, they usually curve _______

A

Distally

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3
Q

The ______ incisal edges of interior teeth are more rounded, the ______ edges are more square

A

Distal; mesial

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4
Q

Mandibular anterior teeth where on the ______ surface; maxillary teeth wear on the ______ surface

A

Labial/facial; lingual

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5
Q

Permenant molars tend to have ______ secondary and tertiary anatomy the more posterior they are positioned

A

More

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6
Q

Describe secondary anatomy

A

Extra grooves and pits that are more shallow than primary anatomy, more likely found on second and third molars

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7
Q

Describe tertiary anatomy

A

Extremely shallow and even more numerous grooves, pits, and lines often on third molars - a more wrinkled appearance than the first or second molars

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8
Q

Roots of molars tend to be shorter and closer together the more ______ they are positioned

A

Posterior

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9
Q

First molars have the ______ roots of all molars

A

Widest and longest

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10
Q

Wisdom teeth often have ______ roots

A

Fused

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11
Q

The more ______ the molars are positioned, the more variation of the anatomy is evident

A

Posterior

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12
Q

Describe the functions of roots

A
  1. System of support or Anchorage
  2. Sensory system
  3. External and internal repairs methods
  4. Nourishment system
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13
Q

Describe the support function of roots

A
  1. Shape and the length of roots directly affect Anchorage and support
  2. Longer, wider Roots offer more support for tooth structure
  3. The greater the surface area of the root, the more periodontal ligaments can attach
  4. They can resist displacement from the forces exerted on it and offer resistance to lateral displacement
  5. Curved fruits afford resistance to occlusal, apical, and distal forces
  6. Direction resistance to occlusal displacement (multidirectional periodontal fibers infurcated roots)
  7. Wits, shape, length, curvature, number of roots, concavities, and direction of periodontal fibers all affect the resistance a tooth can offer to withstand forces
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14
Q

Describe the sensory function of roots

A
  1. The pulp contains nerves that can elicit a pain response
  2. Once politician nerves are stimulated the only response they can admit is a pain response
  3. Stimulus is carried from root surface through dental tubules to nerve tissue
  4. Warning system to external or internal trauma
  5. If the pulpal tissue inside the root canal becomes inflamed, then hot or cold can cause pain
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15
Q

Describe the external and internal reparative methods of roots

A
  1. Odontoblasts allow secondary and reperative dentin to be formed in response to trauma
  2. The apical third of the root can continue to form cementum on the outside of the root. If this process is extreme, it is called hypercementosis, and it forms a cemantoma at the apex of the root
  3. A cementoma is usually associated with bone destruction and or trauma
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16
Q

_______ is the process of cementum overgrowing at the apex of the root, resulting in a _______

A

Hypersimentosis; cementoma

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17
Q

Describe the nourishment system function of roots

A
  1. The pulp canals house the nourishment system of the tooth
  2. Within the root canal, arteries, veins, and lymph tissue nourish the tooth from the inside
  3. Vessels enter and exit through the apical foramen, allowing nutrients and oxygen to circulate throughout the pulp chamber. Harmful products and carbon dioxide are also removed from the tooth
  4. The nerves and odontoblasts within the tooth are nourished and replenished this way
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18
Q

What are the hygiene considerations of root structure?

A
  1. Grooves and depression on the roots make these areas harder to clean and more susceptible to periodontal disease
  2. Some of the greatest periodontal problems come from vacation involvement because vacations are hard to keep clean
  3. The outer surfaces of roots are much rougher than enamel, making it harder to clean plaque, tartar, and other debris from root surfaces
  4. Occasionally the root may be even tougher to clean because of excess or uneven deposits of cementum; plaque, tartar, and other debris stick easily here because of the rough surface
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19
Q

Which vacations are easiest to locate?

A

Mandibular - because they are closer to the CEJ

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20
Q

______ are small elevations of enamel on the root surface, which can make hygiene more difficult and are often found in frication areas

A

Enamel pearls

21
Q

Describe the openings in root canals

A
  1. The nerves and blood vessels enter and leave the root through the apex (apical foramen)
  2. Often, more than one opening in the apex is evident
  3. One is the main apical foramen for the root canal, and the others are accessory root canals
22
Q

_______ are extra openings into the pulp; usually located on the sides of the roots or in the bifurcations

A

Accessory root canals

23
Q

Maxillary Central incisors show evidence of calcification at ______ of age

A

3 months

24
Q

Maxillary Central incisors erupt between _______ of age

A

7 to 8 years

25
Q

When is root completion of maxillary Central incisors?

A

10 years of age

26
Q

Describe the distinguishing features of maxillary Central incisors

A
  1. Most prominent teeth in the mouth
  2. Proximal contact area - mesial (incisal third); distal (junction of incisal and middle third)
  3. Height of contour - facial (cervical third); lingual (cervical third)
  4. Three pulp horns
  5. Four developmental lobes - three on the facial, one on the lingual
  6. Wider mesiodistally than faciolingually (more than any other incisor)
27
Q

What are three anomalies that sometimes occur in maxillary Central incisors?

A
  1. A short root
  2. An unusually long crown
  3. Gemination - the tooth shows evidence of attempting to divide itself
28
Q

What is gemination?

A

The tooth shows evidence of attempting to divide itself

29
Q

Describe the labial aspect of maxillary Central incisors

A
  1. Slightly convex at cervical third
  2. Enamel surface is very smooth
  3. Upon eruption, mamelons can be seen on the incisal ridge
  4. Each mamelon forms the incisal ridge portion of one primary lobe
  5. Developmental lines divide the surface into three parts
  6. Cervical lines crest slightly distal to the center of the tooth
30
Q

Describe the lingual aspect of maxillary Central incisors

A
  1. Bordered by rounded convexities and has a concavity (concavity called a lingual fossa)
  2. Singular below the cervical line
  3. Marginal and incisal ridges
  4. Developmental grooves from the singulum into the lingual fossa
  5. The crown and root taper lingually (lingual portion of the root is narrower)
31
Q

Describe the mesial aspect of the maxillary Central incisors

A
  1. The crown appears triangular
  2. The incisal ridge of the crown is centered over the middle of the root
  3. Height of curvature about 1/3 the way down from the cervical line
  4. Cervical curvature is greater on the mesial surface than any other surface of any other teeth in the mouth
32
Q

In maxillary Central incisors, the incisal ridge of the crown is centered over the ______

A

Middle of the root

33
Q

Describe the distal aspect of maxillary Central incisors

A
  1. Cervical line is less curved on the distal than on the mesial
34
Q

Describe the incisal aspect of maxillary Central incisors

A
  1. Incisal ridge tends to slope lingually
  2. Crown shows a triangular shape, with its apex on the lingual surface (cingulum)
35
Q

Describe the roots of maxillary Central incisors

A
  1. Single rooted
  2. One root canal
  3. Three pulp horns
  4. Blunt Apex
  5. Labial aspect is cone shaped or triangular
  6. Broader on the facial than the lingual
  7. Usually 2 to 3 mm longer than the Crown
36
Q

Describe the pulp cavity of maxillary Central incisors

A
  1. One root canal is evident, which is quite large
  2. The pulp chamber lies in the coronal portion of the tooth and presents three Sharp elongations - mesial, distal, and Central pulp horns
  3. The central pulp horn is usually shorter and more rounded than the other two
37
Q

Give a brief overview of the maxillary lateral incisors

A
  1. Smaller than the centrals except in root length
  2. More prominent features than the centrals
  3. Vary inform more than any other teeth in the mouth, except the third molars
  4. If the variation is too great, it is considered a developmental anomaly
38
Q

What are common developmental anomalies for maxillary lateral incisors?

A
  1. Common to find a nondescript, pointed form; this is called a peg-shaped lateral incisor
  2. More likely to be missing than any other teeth except the third molars
  3. One type of malformed maxillary lateral incisor has a large, pointed tubercle as part of the cingulum
  4. Some have deep developmental grooves that extend down the root lingually with a deep fold on the cingulum
  5. Others show twisted roots or distorted crowns
39
Q

When do permanent maxillary lateral incisors show evidence of calcification?

A

One year of age

40
Q

Maxillary lateral incisors tend to erupt around _______ of age

A

8-9 years

41
Q

Permanent maxillary lateral incisor root completion occurs around _____ of age

A

11 years

42
Q

Describe the common landmarks of maxillary lateral incisors

A
  1. Proximal contact area - mesial (junction of incisal and middle third); distal (middle third)
  2. Height of contour - facial (cervical third); lingual (cervical third)
  3. Can have one to three pulp horns
  4. Has four developmental lobes - three on the facial and one on the lingual
43
Q

Describe the labial aspect of the maxillary lateral incisors

A
  1. Resembles the central
  2. Distal and mesial incisal edges are more rounded
  3. Distal outline is always more rounded, well the mesial outline is more Square
  4. Labial surface of the crown is more convex than central incisor
  5. Root length is greater in proportion to the crown length than that of the central incisor
  6. Root is often about 1.5 times the length of the crown
44
Q

Describe the legal aspect of the maxillary lateral incisors

A
  1. Musial and distal ridges are pronounced
  2. Cingulum is usually more prominent
  3. Deep developmental grooves within the lingual fossa
  4. Linguoincisal ridge is better developed
  5. Fossa is more concave and circumscribed then that of the central incisor
45
Q

Describe the mesial aspect of the maxillary lateral incisors

A
  1. CEJ is curved more toward the incisal on the mesial surface
  2. Through appears longer than a small central incisor
46
Q

Describe the distal aspect of the maxillary lateral incisor

A
  1. Same as the mesial aspect except for less curvature of the cervical line
47
Q

Describe the incisal aspect of the maxillary lateral incisor

A
  1. Incisal aspect sometimes resembles that of the central incisors or a small canine
  2. Cingulum and the incisal ridge may be large
  3. Labiolingual dimension may be greater than mesiodistal dimension
  4. All maxillary lateral incisors exhibit more convexity labeled and lingually then do the maxillary central incisors (deeper shovel)
48
Q

Describe the root of the maxillary lateral incisor

A
  1. Single rooted
  2. Roughly the same length as the central incisor but appears thinner and narrower
  3. A Morrison root mesiodistally
  4. Apical portion of the root curves distally at the end in a sharp Apex
49
Q

Describe the pulp cavity of the maxillary lateral incisor

A
  1. Varies in size with the age of the tooth
  2. Initially after eruption, the pulp cavity is very large
  3. With complete development of the root, the entire pub cavity shrinks and the dentin becomes thicker in both the crown and the root
  4. In the elderly, the whole pulp cavity can become calcified and solid dentin fills the entire root canal
  5. The pulp cavity of the maxillary lateral incisors quite simple, with only a pulp chamber and a single pulp canal
  6. The pulp chamber ends incisally as one rounded form or two less sharp pulp horns, a mesial and a distal