LO 5 - Max Incisors And General Rules Flashcards
The curve of the CEJ is usually 1 mm less on the ______ surface than on the ______
Distal;mesial
If roots curve, especially at the Apex, they usually curve _______
Distally
The ______ incisal edges of interior teeth are more rounded, the ______ edges are more square
Distal; mesial
Mandibular anterior teeth where on the ______ surface; maxillary teeth wear on the ______ surface
Labial/facial; lingual
Permenant molars tend to have ______ secondary and tertiary anatomy the more posterior they are positioned
More
Describe secondary anatomy
Extra grooves and pits that are more shallow than primary anatomy, more likely found on second and third molars
Describe tertiary anatomy
Extremely shallow and even more numerous grooves, pits, and lines often on third molars - a more wrinkled appearance than the first or second molars
Roots of molars tend to be shorter and closer together the more ______ they are positioned
Posterior
First molars have the ______ roots of all molars
Widest and longest
Wisdom teeth often have ______ roots
Fused
The more ______ the molars are positioned, the more variation of the anatomy is evident
Posterior
Describe the functions of roots
- System of support or Anchorage
- Sensory system
- External and internal repairs methods
- Nourishment system
Describe the support function of roots
- Shape and the length of roots directly affect Anchorage and support
- Longer, wider Roots offer more support for tooth structure
- The greater the surface area of the root, the more periodontal ligaments can attach
- They can resist displacement from the forces exerted on it and offer resistance to lateral displacement
- Curved fruits afford resistance to occlusal, apical, and distal forces
- Direction resistance to occlusal displacement (multidirectional periodontal fibers infurcated roots)
- Wits, shape, length, curvature, number of roots, concavities, and direction of periodontal fibers all affect the resistance a tooth can offer to withstand forces
Describe the sensory function of roots
- The pulp contains nerves that can elicit a pain response
- Once politician nerves are stimulated the only response they can admit is a pain response
- Stimulus is carried from root surface through dental tubules to nerve tissue
- Warning system to external or internal trauma
- If the pulpal tissue inside the root canal becomes inflamed, then hot or cold can cause pain
Describe the external and internal reparative methods of roots
- Odontoblasts allow secondary and reperative dentin to be formed in response to trauma
- The apical third of the root can continue to form cementum on the outside of the root. If this process is extreme, it is called hypercementosis, and it forms a cemantoma at the apex of the root
- A cementoma is usually associated with bone destruction and or trauma
_______ is the process of cementum overgrowing at the apex of the root, resulting in a _______
Hypersimentosis; cementoma
Describe the nourishment system function of roots
- The pulp canals house the nourishment system of the tooth
- Within the root canal, arteries, veins, and lymph tissue nourish the tooth from the inside
- Vessels enter and exit through the apical foramen, allowing nutrients and oxygen to circulate throughout the pulp chamber. Harmful products and carbon dioxide are also removed from the tooth
- The nerves and odontoblasts within the tooth are nourished and replenished this way
What are the hygiene considerations of root structure?
- Grooves and depression on the roots make these areas harder to clean and more susceptible to periodontal disease
- Some of the greatest periodontal problems come from vacation involvement because vacations are hard to keep clean
- The outer surfaces of roots are much rougher than enamel, making it harder to clean plaque, tartar, and other debris from root surfaces
- Occasionally the root may be even tougher to clean because of excess or uneven deposits of cementum; plaque, tartar, and other debris stick easily here because of the rough surface
Which vacations are easiest to locate?
Mandibular - because they are closer to the CEJ