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Science > Living things and the Environment > Flashcards

Living things and the Environment Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

what’s an organism

A

A living thing

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2
Q

one organism in the savannah

A

giraffe

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3
Q

What are some resources that organisms get from their environment?

A

Food, water, shelter, etc.

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4
Q

What is a habitat?

A

An environment that provides the things a specific organism needs to live, grow, and reproduce

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5
Q

biotic factor

A

The parts of a habitat that are or were once alive that interact with an organism

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6
Q

abiotic factor

A

Nonliving parts of an organism’s habitat

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7
Q

examples of biotic factors

A

Trees, prey animals, waste products made by organisms

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8
Q

examples of abiotic factors

A

Water, oxygen, space, rocks, light, temperature, and soil

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9
Q

Finish this statement: “Instead, organisms live together in populations and…

A

Communities that interact with abiotic factors in their ecosystems

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10
Q

What are the four levels of organization of an ecosystem?

A

Organisms, populations, Communities, ecosystems

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11
Q

How can we tell if organisms are of the same species?

A

if they can mate and reproduce with another of the same kind

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12
Q

What is a population?

A

All the members of one species living in a particular area

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13
Q

community

A

All the different populations that live together in an area

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14
Q

ecosystem

A

The community of organisms that lives in a particular area, along with the nonliving environment

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15
Q

one population in the savannah

A

giraffe population

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16
Q

Savannah Community

A

Pop of zebras, pop of grass, pop of giraffes, etc.

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17
Q

ecosystem (savannah)

A

desert, savannah ig

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18
Q

What are four events that can change population size?

A

Births, deaths, immigration, emigration

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19
Q

immigration

A

Moving into a population

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20
Q

emigration

A

Moving out of a population

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21
Q

Which two events decrease population size?

A

death, emigration

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22
Q

Which two events increase population size?

A

birth rate, immigration

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23
Q

population density

A

The number of individuals in an area of specific size

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24
Q

limiting factor

A

An environmental factor that causes a population to stop growing, or decrease

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25
Q

What are six limiting factors?

A

Food, water, climate, weather, space and shelter

26
Q

Last year, 7 wolf pups were born into the wolf pack. This year, 20 new pups were born in the same pack. What happened to the size of the population?

A

increase, bc of increased birth rate

27
Q

Last year, 3 giraffes in the same tower (population) were killed or died of natural causes. This year 20 giraffes were killed or died of natural causes in the same tower. What happened to the size of the population?

A

decrease, bc of increased death rate

28
Q

Last year there were 12 dolphins traveling in a pod. Since the last time they were counted, 3 dolphins in the pod died and 10 dolphins were born. What happened to the size of the population?

A

increase, more births than deaths

29
Q

One elephant herd of 6 joined a second elephant herd of 28. What happened to the size of the population?

A

increase, immigration

30
Q

One colony (population) of rabbits consisted of 62 rabbits. 12 of the rabbits left the colony and began a new colony in an area south where a different type of grass was found to feed on. What happened to the size of the original colony?

A

decrease, emigration

31
Q

In the forest, both hawks and foxes eat mice. Both species must feed on the mice to survive, so neither population can grow exponentially.

A

Competition, density dependent

32
Q

A new logging company was created in New Jersey and harvested all of the large trees in the forest. Birds, small mammals, insects, plants were all affected by this disturbance.

A

Habitat loss,density independent

33
Q

Elk eat the grass and shrubs in Yellowstone National Park, which keeps the grass and shrubs from covering the entire landscape.

A

food, density dependent

34
Q

Hurricane Sandy flooded northern NJ with ocean waters. Entire populations of fish were washed up on shore and stranded, which significantly reduced their numbers in the ocean.

A

Natural Disaster, di

35
Q

Wolves hunt and prey on the elk in Yellowstone National Park, which limits the size of the elk population.

A

dd, predators

36
Q

The Southern Pine Beetle feeds on and kills almost all of the pine trees in the forest.

A

dd, parasitism

37
Q

A deadly fungus infects and kills many oak trees in the forest, significantly reducing the oak tree population.

A

dd, consumers

38
Q

An unusually heavy snowfall happens very early in the winter, before the deciduous trees were able to drop their leaves. Many of their branches break so severely that they are not able to recover in the spring. The population of deciduous trees dropped significantly as a result of the snowstorm.

A

di, weather

39
Q

A population of rabbits reproduced all spring to nearly 50 times the original amount. Habitat space is limited, food is now scarce, and females are no longer reproducing.

A

dd, food, water, space

40
Q

DI factors list

A

Temperature
Climate
Weather
Natural disasters
Pollution
Habitat destruction

41
Q

DD factors list

A

Food
Water
Space
Competition
Parasitism
Disease

42
Q

Carrying Capacity

A

The largest population that an environment can support is called the carrying capacity.
Limiting Factors determine the size of the population.

43
Q

Each individual hummingbird is called an ______________________.

A

organism

44
Q

The hummingbirds are able to reproduce and create young who can also produce more young, which means that the birds are of the same ______________________.

A

species

45
Q

The hummingbirds are all living in the garden, which is where they find their food, water, perches on trees, and nests for young. The garden is their ______________________.

A

habitat

46
Q

The group of hummingbirds living in the garden is called a _______________________________.

A

population

47
Q

The temperature and climate of the garden are _________________ factors.

A

abiotic

48
Q

The flowers with nectar, trees, grass, and insects are ____________________ factors.

A

biotic

49
Q

The hummingbirds, trees, grass, insects, and flowers together are called a _____________________________________.

A

community

50
Q

The hummingbirds, trees, grass, insects, and flowers along with the rocks, soil, climate, and air make up the ____________________________.

A

ecosystem

51
Q

The study of these living things and how they interact with each other and their environment is called ____________________.

A

ecology

52
Q

Food is always a ___________________________ in a habitat and this is no different for the hummingbirds.

A

limiting factor

53
Q

Adding more nectar stations (hummingbird feeders) has caused an increase in the __________________________, which has caused the hummingbird population to increase.

A

birth rate

54
Q

There are more hummingbirds per square meter in the garden, which means there is a higher _____________________________ than before the nectar stations were introduced.

A

population density

55
Q

More nectar stations have “artificially” changed the _____________________________ of the garden for hummingbirds.

A

carrying capacity

56
Q

Why is this change in the environment “artificial”?

A

the change was made by a human, and wasn’t created by natural means

57
Q

How did removing all but one nectar station affect the behavior of the hummingbirds?

A

made them take more risks, made them be brave and face something they are afraid of

58
Q

What other behavior changes might you expect from the hummingbirds?

A

competition, low energy-leads to death, more territorial/aggressive behavior

59
Q

How will the carrying capacity of the environment be affected if there is only one nectar station for many weeks?

A

will decrease

60
Q

Will hummingbirds immigrate or emigrate if there is only one nectar station?

A

emigrate

61
Q

How could the birth rate and death rates be affected?

A

death rates up, birth rates down

62
Q

Can you “figure out” (hint, hint) the hummingbird wing mechanics in the slow motion footage?

A

figure 8, flips wings around, increase lift, reduces drag

Science (23 decks)

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