List-5 Flashcards
constrain
- *vt. 驱使;强迫;束缚
- ——————————————**
- hold back
- restrict
constraint
- *n. [数] 约束;局促,态度不自然;强制
- ——————————————**
- the state of being physically constrained
- a device that retards something’s motion
- the act of constraining; the threat or use of force to control the thoughts or behavior of others
constrict
- *vt. 压缩;束紧
- ——————————————**
- squeeze or press together
- become tight or as if tight
construction
- *n. 建设;建筑物;解释;造句
- ——————————————**
- the act of constructing something
- the commercial activity involved in repairing old structures or constructing new ones
- a thing constructed; a complex entity constructed of many parts
- a group of words that form a constituent of a sentence and are considered as a single unit
- the creation of a construct; the process of combining ideas into a congruous object of thought
constructive
- *adj. 建设性的;推定的;构造上的;有助益的
- ——————————————**
- constructing or tending to construct or improve or promote development
- emphasizing what is laudable or hopeful or to the good
construe
- *vt. 分析;解释;翻译
vi. 作文法性的分析 - ——————————————**
- make sense of; assign a meaning to
consult
- *vt. 查阅;商量;向…请教
vi. 请教;商议;当顾问 - ——————————————**
- get or ask advice from
- seek information from
- have a conference in order to talk something over
- advise professionally
consummate
- *adj. 至上的;完美的;圆满的
vt. 完成;作成;使达到极点 - ——————————————**
- fulfill sexually
- make perfect; bring to perfection
- having or revealing supreme mastery or skill
- perfect and complete in every respect; having all necessary qualities
- without qualification; used informally as (often pejorative) intensifiers
consumption
- *n. 消费;消耗;肺痨
- ——————————————**
- the process of taking food into the body through the mouth (as by eating)
- involving the lungs with progressive wasting of the body
- (economics) the utilization of economic goods to satisfy needs or in manufacturing
- the act of consuming something
contact
- *n. 接触,联系
vt. 使接触,联系
vi. 使接触,联系 - ——————————————**
- close interaction
- the state or condition of touching or of being in immediate proximity
- the act of touching physically
- the physical coming together of two or more things
- a person who is in a position to give you special assistance
contagious
- *adj. 感染性的;会蔓延的
- ——————————————**
- easily diffused or spread as from one person to another
- (of disease) capable of being transmitted by infection
containment
- *n. 包含;牵制;容量;密闭度;抑制, 牵制;牵制 [遏制] 政策
- ——————————————**
- a policy of creating strategic alliances in order to check the expansion of a hostile power or ideology or to force it to negotiate peacefully
- (physics) a system designed to prevent the accidental release of radioactive material from a reactor
- the act of containing; keeping something from spreading
contemplate
- *vt. 沉思;注视;思忖;预期
vi. 冥思苦想;深思熟虑 - ——————————————**
- look at thoughtfully; observe deep in thought
- consider as a possibility
- think intently and at length, as for spiritual purposes
- reflect deeply on a subject
contemplation
- *n. 沉思;注视;意图
- ——————————————**
- a long and thoughtful observation
- a calm lengthy intent consideration
contemplative
- *adj. 沉思的;冥想的;默想的
- ——————————————**
- a person devoted to the contemplative life
- persistently or morbidly thoughtful
contemporary
- *n. 同时代的人;同时期的东西
adj. 当代的;同时代的;属于同一时期的 - ——————————————**
- a person of nearly the same age as another
- characteristic of the present
- belonging to the present time
- occurring in the same period of time
contempt
- *n. 轻视,蔑视;耻辱
- ——————————————**
- lack of respect accompanied by a feeling of intense dislike
- a manner that is generally disrespectful and contemptuous
- open disrespect for a person or thing
- a willful disobedience to or disrespect for the authority of a court or legislative body
contemptible
- *adj. 可鄙的;卑劣的;可轻视的
- ——————————————**
- deserving of contempt or scorn
contemptuous
- *adj. 轻蔑的;侮辱的
- ——————————————**
- expressing extreme contempt
content
- *n. 内容,目录;满足;容量
adj. 满意的
vt. 使满足
n. (Content)人名;(法)孔唐 - ——————————————**
- everything that is included in a collection
- what a communication that is about something is about
- the proportion of a substance that is contained in a mixture or alloy etc.
- the amount that can be contained
- the sum or range of what has been perceived, discovered, or learned
contention
- *n. 争论,争辩;争夺;论点
- ——————————————**
- a point asserted as part of an argument
- a contentious speech act; a dispute where there is strong disagreement
- the act of competing as for profit or a prize
contentious
- *adj. 诉讼的;有异议的,引起争论的;爱争论的
- ——————————————**
- inclined or showing an inclination to dispute or disagree, even to engage in law suits
- involving or likely to cause controversy
context
- *n. 环境;上下文;来龙去脉
- ——————————————**
- discourse that surrounds a language unit and helps to determine its interpretation
- the set of facts or circumstances that surround a situation or event
continental
- *adj. 大陆的;大陆性的
n. 欧洲人 - ——————————————**
- of or pertaining to or typical of Europe
- of or relating to or concerning the American colonies during and immediately after the American Revolutionary War
- of or relating to or characteristic of a continent
- being or concerning or limited to a continent especially the continents of North America or Europe
continuation
- *n. 继续;续集;延长;附加部分;扩建物
- ——————————————**
- the act of continuing an activity without interruption
- a part added to a book or play that continues and extends it
- a Gestalt principle of organization holding that there is an innate tendency to perceive a line as continuing its established direction
- the consequence of being lengthened in duration
contradict
- *vt. 反驳;否定;与…矛盾;与…抵触
vi. 反驳;否认;发生矛盾 - ——————————————**
- be in contradiction with
- deny the truth of
- be resistant to
- prove negative; show to be false
contradictory
- *adj. 矛盾的;反对的;反驳的;抗辩的
n. 对立物;矛盾因素 - ——————————————**
- two propositions are contradictories if both cannot be true (or both cannot be false) at the same time
- of words or propositions so related that both cannot be true and both cannot be false
- that confounds or contradicts or confuses
- in disagreement
- unable to be both true at the same time
contrary
- *adj. 相反的;对立的
adv. 相反地
n. 相反;反面 - ——————————————**
- a relation of direct opposition
- exact opposition
- a logical relation such that two propositions are contraries if both cannot be true but both can be false
- very opposed in nature or character or purpose
- of words or propositions so related that both cannot be true but both may be false
contravene
- *vt. 抵触;违反;反驳;否认
- ——————————————**
- go against, as of rules and laws
- deny the truth of
contrive
- *vt. 设计;发明;图谋
vi. 谋划;设法做到 - ——————————————**
- make or work out a plan for; devise
- come up with (an idea, plan, explanation, theory, or principle) after a mental effort
- put or send forth
control
- *n. 控制;管理;抑制;操纵装置
vt. 控制;管理;抑制 - ——————————————**
- power to direct or determine
- a relation of constraint of one entity (thing or person or group) by another
- (physiology) regulation or maintenance of a function or action or reflex etc
- a standard against which other conditions can be compared in a scientific experiment
- the activity of managing or exerting control over something
controversial
- *adj. 有争议的;有争论的
- ——————————————**
- marked by or capable of arousing controversy
controversy
- *n. 争论;论战;辩论
- ——————————————**
- a contentious speech act; a dispute where there is strong disagreement
conventional
- *adj. 符合习俗的,传统的;常见的;惯例的
- ——————————————**
- following accepted customs and proprieties
- conforming with accepted standards
- (weapons) using energy for propulsion or destruction that is not nuclear energy
- unimaginative and conformist
- represented in simplified or symbolic form
conventionalize
- *vt. 使习俗化;使样式化;使照惯例
- ——————————————**
- make conventional or adapt to conventions
- represent according to a conventional style
converge
- *vt. 使汇聚
vi. 聚集;靠拢;收敛 - ——————————————**
- be adjacent or come together
- approach a limit as the number of terms increases without limit
- move or draw together at a certain location
- come together so as to form a single product
conversant
- *adj. 熟悉的;精通的;亲近的
- ——————————————**
- (usually followed by `with’) well informed about or knowing thoroughly
converse
- *adj. 相反的,逆向的;颠倒的
vi. 交谈,谈话;认识
n. 逆行,逆向;倒;相反的事物
n. (Converse)人名;(英)康弗斯
n. 匡威(服装品牌) - ——————————————**
- a proposition obtained by conversion
- carry on a conversation
- of words so related that one reverses the relation denoted by the other
- turned about in order or relation
convertible
- *adj. 可改变的;同意义的;可交换的
n. 有活动折篷的汽车 - ——————————————**
- a car that has top that can be folded or removed
- a corporate security (usually bonds or preferred stock) that can be exchanged for another form of security (usually common stock)
- a sofa that can be converted into a bed
- capable of being exchanged for or replaced by something of equal value
- designed to be changed from one use or form to another
convex
- *adj. 凸面的;凸圆的
n. 凸面体;凸状 - ——————————————**
- curving or bulging outward
convince
- *vt. 说服;使确信,使信服
- ——————————————**
- make (someone) agree, understand, or realize the truth or validity of something
convince
- *vt. 说服;使确信,使信服
- ——————————————**
- make (someone) agree, understand, or realize the truth or validity of something
convivial
- *adj. 欢乐的;欢宴的;酒宴的
- ——————————————**
- occupied with or fond of the pleasures of good company
convoluted
- *adj. 复杂的;费解的;旋绕的
v. 盘绕;缠绕(convolute的过去分词) - ——————————————**
- rolled or coiled together
- highly complex or intricate
coordinate
- *n. 坐标;同等的人或物
adj. 并列的;同等的
vt. 调整;整合
vi. 协调 - ——————————————**
- a number that identifies a position relative to an axis
- bring order and organization to
- bring into common action, movement, or condition
- be co-ordinated
- bring (components or parts) into proper or desirable coordination correlation
copious
- *adj. 丰富的;很多的;多产的
- ——————————————**
- large in number or quantity (especially of discourse)
- affording an abundant supply
cordiality
- *n. 热诚;真挚
- ——————————————**
- a cordial disposition
core
- *n. 核心;要点;果心;[计] 磁心
vt. 挖…的核
n. (Core)人名;(英)科尔;(西、意)科雷 - ——————————————**
- the center of an object
- a small group of indispensable persons or things
- the central part of the Earth
- the choicest or most essential or most vital part of some idea or experience
- a cylindrical sample of soil or rock obtained with a hollow drill
correlate
- *vi. 关联
vt. 使有相互关系;互相有关系
n. 相关物;相关联的人
adj. 关联的 - ——————————————**
- either of two correlated variables
- to bear a reciprocal or mutual relation
- bring into a mutual, complementary, or reciprocal relation
- mutually related
correlated
- *adj. 有相互关系的
v. (使)相关联;(使)相互对照(correlate的过去分词) - ——————————————**
- mutually related
corroborate
- *vt. 证实;使坚固
- ——————————————**
- establish or strengthen as with new evidence or facts
- give evidence for
- support with evidence or authority or make more certain or confirm
corroboration
- *n. 确证,证实;确证的事实
- ——————————————**
- confirmation that some fact or statement is true
corrosive
- *adj. 腐蚀的;侵蚀性的
n. 腐蚀物 - ——————————————**
- a substance having the tendency to cause corrosion (such a strong acids or alkali)
- of a substance, especially a strong acid; capable of destroying or eating away by chemical action
corruption
- *n. 贪污,腐败;堕落
- ——————————————**
- lack of integrity or honesty (especially susceptibility to bribery); use of a position of trust for dishonest gain
- in a state of progressive putrefaction
- decay of matter (as by rot or oxidation)
- moral perversion; impairment of virtue and moral principles
- destroying someone’s (or some group’s) honesty or loyalty; undermining moral integrity
cosmic
- *adj. 宇宙的(等于cosmical)
- ——————————————**
- of or from or pertaining to or characteristic of the cosmos or universe
- inconceivably extended in space or time
cosmopolitan
- *adj. 世界性的;世界主义的,四海一家的
n. 四海为家者;世界主义者;世界各地都有的东西 - ——————————————**
- a sophisticated person who has travelled in many countries
- growing or occurring in many parts of the world
- composed of people from or at home in many parts of the world; especially not provincial in attitudes or interests
- of worldwide scope or applicability
coterie
- *n. 圈内人;小集团;伙伴;同志
- ——————————————**
- an exclusive circle of people with a common purpose
countenance
- *n. 面容,表情;支持
vt. 支持,赞同 - ——————————————**
- the appearance conveyed by a person’s face
- formal and explicit approval
- the human face (
kisser' and
smiler’ andmug' are informal terms for
face’ and `phiz’ is British) - consent to, give permission
counteract
- *vt. 抵消;中和;阻碍
- ——————————————**
- act in opposition to
- oppose or check by a counteraction
- oppose and mitigate the effects of by contrary actions
- destroy property or hinder normal operations
counterbalance
- *n. 平衡力;自动抵销
vt. 使平衡;抵消 - ——————————————**
- a weight that balances another weight
- equality of distribution
- a compensating equivalent
- adjust for
- oppose with equal weight or force
counterclockwise
- *adj. 反时针方向的
adv. 反时针方向 - ——————————————**
- in the direction opposite to the rotation of the hands of a clock
- in a direction opposite to the direction in which the hands of a clock move
counterfeit
- *vt. 伪造,仿造;假装,伪装
vi. 仿造;假装
n. 赝品;冒牌货;伪造品
adj. 假冒的,伪造的;虚伪的 - ——————————————**
- a copy that is represented as the original
- make a copy of with the intent to deceive
- not genuine; imitating something superior
counterpart
- *n. 副本;配对物;极相似的人或物
- ——————————————**
- a person or thing having the same function or characteristics as another
- a duplicate copy
counterproductive
- *adj. 反生产的;使达不到预期目标的
- ——————————————**
- tending to hinder the achievement of a goal
countless
- *adj. 无数的;数不尽的
- ——————————————**
- too numerous to be counted
court
- *n. 法院;球场;朝廷;奉承
vt. 招致(失败、危险等);向…献殷勤;设法获得
vi. 求爱
n. (Court)人名;(英)考特;(法)库尔 - ——————————————**
- an assembly (including one or more judges) to conduct judicial business
- the sovereign and his advisers who are the governing power of a state
- a specially marked horizontal area within which a game is played
- a room in which a lawcourt sits
- an area wholly or partly surrounded by walls or buildings
courteous
- *adj. 有礼貌的;谦恭的
- ——————————————**
- exhibiting courtesy and politeness
- characterized by courtesy and gracious good manners
covet
- *vt. 垂涎;觊觎
vi. 垂涎;觊觎 - ——————————————**
- wish, long, or crave for (something, especially the property of another person)
cozy
- *n. 保温罩
vt. 蒙骗;抚慰
adj. 舒适的;安逸的 - ——————————————**
- a padded cloth covering to keep a teapot warm
- enjoying or affording comforting warmth and shelter especially in a small space
- having or fostering a warm or friendly and informal atmosphere
- suggesting connivance
craft
- *n. 工艺;手艺;太空船
vt. 精巧地制作
n. (Craft)人名;(英、德、罗)克拉夫特 - ——————————————**
- the skilled practice of a practical occupation
- a vehicle designed for navigation in or on water or air or through outer space
- people who perform a particular kind of skilled work
- skill in an occupation or trade
- shrewdness as demonstrated by being skilled in deception
crash
- *n. 撞碎;坠毁;破产;轰隆声;睡觉
vi. 摔碎;坠落;发出隆隆声;(金融企业等)破产
vt. 打碎;使坠毁、撞坏;擅自闯入 - ——————————————**
- a loud resonant repeating noise
- a serious accident (usually involving one or more vehicles)
- a sudden large decline of business or the prices of stocks (especially one that causes additional failures)
- the act of colliding with something
- (computer science) an event that causes a computer system to become inoperative
crater
- *n. 火山口;弹坑
vt. 在…上形成坑;取消;毁坏
vi. 形成坑;消亡 - ——————————————**
- a bowl-shaped geological formation at the top of a volcano
- a faint constellation in the southern hemisphere near Hydra and Corvus
- a bowl-shaped depression formed by the impact of a meteorite or bomb
crawl
- *vi. 爬行;匍匐行进
vt. 爬行;缓慢地行进
n. 爬行;养鱼池;匍匐而行 - ——————————————**
- a very slow movement
- a swimming stroke; arms are moved alternately overhead accompanied by a flutter kick
- a slow mode of locomotion on hands and knees or dragging the body
- move slowly; in the case of people or animals with the body near the ground
- feel as if crawling with insects
credible
- *adj. 可靠的,可信的
- ——————————————**
- capable of being believed
- a common but incorrect usage where `credulous’ would be appropriate
- appearing to merit belief or acceptance
credulous
- *adj. 轻信的;因轻信而产生的
- ——————————————**
- disposed to believe on little evidence
- showing a lack of judgment or experience
creed
- *n. 信条,教义
n. (Creed)人名;(英)克里德 - ——————————————**
- any system of principles or beliefs
- the written body of teachings of a religious group that are generally accepted by that group
crestfallen
- *adj. 垂头丧气的,气馁的
- ——————————————**
- brought low in spirit
crimson
- *n. 深红色
adj. 深红色的
vt. 使变为深红色;脸红
vi. 变为深红色;脸红 - ——————————————**
- a deep and vivid red color
- turn red, as if in embarrassment or shame
- of a color at the end of the color spectrum (next to orange); resembling the color of blood or cherries or tomatoes or rubies
- characterized by violence or bloodshed
- (especially of the face) reddened or suffused with or as if with blood from emotion or exertion
cringe
- *vi. 畏缩;奉承;阿谀
n. 畏缩;奉承 - ——————————————**
- draw back, as with fear or pain
- show submission or fear
criss-cross
- *n. 十字号
adj. 纵横交错的;十字形的 - ——————————————**
- a marking that consists of lines that cross each other
- cross in a pattern, often random
- mark with or consist of a pattern of crossed lines
- mark with a pattern of crossing lines
- marked with crossing lines
criterion
- *n. (批评判断的)标准;准则;规范;准据
- ——————————————**
- a basis for comparison; a reference point against which other things can be evaluated
- the ideal in terms of which something can be judged
critic
- *n. 批评家,评论家;爱挑剔的人
- ——————————————**
- a person who is professionally engaged in the analysis and interpretation of works of art
- anyone who expresses a reasoned judgment of something
- someone who frequently finds fault or makes harsh and unfair judgments
critical
- *adj. 鉴定的;[核] 临界的;批评的,爱挑剔的;危险的;决定性的;评论的
- ——————————————**
- marked by a tendency to find and call attention to errors and flaws
- at or of a point at which a property or phenomenon suffers an abrupt change especially having enough mass to sustain a chain reaction
- characterized by careful evaluation and judgment
- urgently needed; absolutely necessary
- forming or having the nature of a turning point or crisis
criticize
- *vt. 批评;评论;非难
vi. 批评;评论;苛求
——————————————-**
- find fault with; express criticism of; point out real or perceived flaws
- act as a critic
critique
- *n. 批评;评论文章
vt. 批判;评论 - ——————————————**
- an essay or article that gives a critical evaluation (as of a book or play)
- a serious examination and judgment of something
- appraise critically
crooked
- *adj. 弯曲的;歪的;不正当的
- ——————————————**
- having or marked by bends or angles; not straight or aligned
- not straight; dishonest or immoral or evasive
- irregular in shape or outline
- having the back and shoulders rounded; not erect
crossfire
- *n. 交叉火力;串报
- ——————————————**
- a lively or heated interchange of ideas and opinions
- fire from two or more points so that the lines of fire cross
crumple
- *vt. 弄皱;使一蹶不振
vi. 起皱;倒坍;一蹶不振
n. 皱纹;褶皱 - ——————————————**
- fall apart
- fold or collapse
- to gather something into small wrinkles or folds
- become wrinkled or crumpled or creased
cryptic
- *adj. 神秘的,含义模糊的;[动] 隐藏的
- ——————————————**
- of an obscure nature
- having a secret or hidden meaning
- having a puzzling terseness
crystalline
- *adj. 透明的;水晶般的;水晶制的
- ——————————————**
- consisting of or containing or of the nature of crystals
- distinctly or sharply outlined
- transmitting light; able to be seen through with clarity
culinary
- *adj. 厨房的;烹调用的
- ——————————————**
- of or relating to or used in cooking
culminate
- *vi. 到绝顶;达到高潮;达到顶点
vt. 使结束;使达到高潮 - ——————————————**
- end, especially to reach a final or climactic stage
- bring to a head or to the highest point
- reach the highest or most decisive point
- reach the highest altitude or the meridian, of a celestial body
- rise to, or form, a summit
culpable
- *adj. 有罪的;该责备的;不周到的;应受处罚的
- ——————————————**
- deserving blame or censure as being wrong or evil or injurious
cumbersome
- *adj. 笨重的;累赘的;难处理的
- ——————————————**
- difficult to handle or use especially because of size or weight
- not elegant or graceful in expression
cursory
- *adj. 粗略的;草率的;匆忙的
- ——————————————**
- hasty and without attention to detail; not thorough
curt
- *adj. 简略的;简要的;草率的;简单粗暴的
n. (Curt)人名;(法)屈尔;(英)柯特;(德、西、芬、罗、瑞典)库尔特 - ——————————————**
- marked by rude or peremptory shortness
- brief and to the point; effectively cut short
curtail
- *vt. 缩减;剪短;剥夺…特权等
- ——————————————**
- place restrictions on
- terminate or abbreviate before its intended or proper end or its full extent
custodian
- *n. 管理人;监护人;保管人
- ——————————————**
- one having charge of buildings or grounds or animals
customary
- *adj. 习惯的;通常的
n. 习惯法汇编 - ——————————————**
- in accordance with convention or custom
- commonly used or practiced; usual
cyclical
- *adj. 周期的,循环的
- ——————————————**
- recurring in cycles
cynical
- *adj. 愤世嫉俗的;冷嘲的
- ——————————————**
- believing the worst of human nature and motives; having a sneering disbelief in e.g. selflessness of others
damped
- *adj. [物] 阻尼的;[物] 衰减的;被窒息的
v. 衰减(damp的过去分词);使潮湿 - ——————————————**
- a slight wetness
- deaden (a sound or noise), especially by wrapping
- restrain or discourage
- make vague or obscure or make (an image) less visible
- lessen in force or effect
dampen
- *vt. 抑制;使…沮丧;使…潮湿
vi. 潮湿;丧气 - ——————————————**
- smother or suppress
- make moist
- deaden (a sound or noise), especially by wrapping
- reduce the amplitude (of oscillations or waves)
- make vague or obscure or make (an image) less visible
dappled
- *adj. 斑纹的;有斑点的;花的
v. 起斑纹(dapple的过去式和过去分词) - ——————————————**
- having spots or patches of color
daunt
- *vt. 使气馁,使畏缩;威吓
n. (Daunt)人名;(英)当特 - ——————————————**
- cause to lose courage
dearth
- *n. 缺乏;饥馑;粮食不足
n. (Dearth)人名;(英)迪尔思 - ——————————————**
- an acute insufficiency
- an insufficient quantity or number
debase
- *vt. 降低;使…贬值;掺杂
n. (Debase)人名;(意)德巴塞 - ——————————————**
- corrupt morally or by intemperance or sensuality
- lower in value by increasing the base-metal content
- corrupt, debase, or make impure by adding a foreign or inferior substance; often by replacing valuable ingredients with inferior ones
debatable
- *adj. 成问题的;可争论的;未决定的
- ——————————————**
- open to doubt or debate
- open to argument or debate
- capable of being disproved
debate
- *vt. 辩论,争论,讨论
vi. 辩论,争论,讨论
n. 辩论;辩论会 - ——————————————**
- a discussion in which reasons are advanced for and against some proposition or proposal
- the formal presentation of and opposition to a stated proposition (usually followed by a vote)
- argue with one another
- think about carefully; weigh
- discuss the pros and cons of an issue
debauch
- *vt. 使堕落;使颓废
n. 放荡
vi. 放荡;诱使做不道德的事 - ——————————————**
- a wild gathering involving excessive drinking and promiscuity
- corrupt morally or by intemperance or sensuality
debilitate
- *vt. 使衰弱;使虚弱
- ——————————————**
- make weak
decadence
- *n. 堕落,颓废;衰落
- ——————————————**
- the state of being degenerate in mental or moral qualities
decelerate
- *vi. 减速,降低速度
vt. 使减速 - ——————————————**
- lose velocity; move more slowly
- reduce the speed of
deceptive
- *adj. 欺诈的;迷惑的;虚伪的
- ——————————————**
- causing one to believe what is not true or fail to believe what is true
- designed to deceive or mislead either deliberately or inadvertently
deciduous
- *adj. 落叶性的,脱落性的;非永久性的
- ——————————————**
- (of plants and shrubs) shedding foliage at the end of the growing season
- (of teeth, antlers, etc.) being shed at the end of a period of growth
decimate
- *vt. 十中抽一,取十分之一;大批杀害
- ——————————————**
- kill one in every ten, as of mutineers in Roman armies
- kill in large numbers
decipher
- *n. 密电译文
vt. 解释(过去式deciphered,过去分词deciphered,现在分词deciphering,第三人称单数deciphers,名词decipherer,形容词decipherable);译解 - ——————————————**
- convert code into ordinary language
- read with difficulty
decisive
- *adj. 决定性的;果断的,坚定的
- ——————————————**
- determining or having the power to determine an outcome
- unmistakable
- characterized by decision and firmness
- forming or having the nature of a turning point or crisis
decisiveness
- *n. 果断
- ——————————————**
- the trait of resoluteness as evidenced by firmness of character or purpose
- the quality of being final or definitely settled
decline
- *n. 下降;衰退;斜面
vi. 下降;衰落;谢绝
vt. 谢绝;婉拒 - ——————————————**
- change toward something smaller or lower
- a condition inferior to an earlier condition; a gradual falling off from a better state
- a gradual decrease; as of stored charge or current
- a downward slope or bend
- grow worse
decompose
- *vi. 分解;使腐烂
vt. 分解;腐烂 - ——————————————**
- separate (substances) into constituent elements or parts
- lose a stored charge, magnetic flux, or current
- break down
decorous
- *adj. 有礼貌的,高雅的;端正的
- ——————————————**
- characterized by propriety and dignity and good taste in manners and conduct
- according with custom or propriety
decorum
- *n. 礼仪;礼貌;端正;恪守礼仪
- ——————————————**
- propriety in manners and conduct
decrepit
- *adj. 衰老的;破旧的
- ——————————————**
- worn and broken down by hard use
- lacking physical strength or vitality
decry
- *vt. 责难,谴责;诽谤
- ——————————————**
- express strong disapproval of
defamation
- *n. 诽谤;中伤
- ——————————————**
- a false accusation of an offense or a malicious misrepresentation of someone’s words or actions
- an abusive attack on a person’s character or good name
default
- *vi. 拖欠;不履行;不到场
n. 违约;缺席;缺乏;系统默认值
vt. 不履行;不参加(比赛等);对…处以缺席裁判 - ——————————————**
- loss due to not showing up
- act of failing to meet a financial obligation
- loss resulting from failure of a debt to be paid
- an option that is selected automatically unless an alternative is specified
- fail to pay up
defecate
- *vt. 澄清;除去污物
vi. 排便;澄清 - ——————————————**
- have a bowel movement
defect
- *n. 缺点,缺陷;不足之处
vi. 变节;叛变 - ——————————————**
- an imperfection in a bodily system
- a failing or deficiency
- an imperfection in a device or machine
- a mark or flaw that spoils the appearance of something (especially on a person’s body)
- desert (a cause, a country or an army), often in order to join the opposing cause, country, or army
defense
- *n. 防卫,防护;防御措施;防守
vt. 谋划抵御 - ——————————————**
- (sports) the team that is trying to prevent the other team from scoring
- military action or resources protecting a country against potential enemies
- the defendant and his legal advisors collectively
- protection from harm
- a structure used to defend against attack
defensive
- *adj. 自卫的;防御用的
n. 防御;守势 - ——————————————**
- an attitude of defensiveness (especially in the phrase `on the defensive’)
- intended or appropriate for defending against or deterring aggression or attack
- attempting to justify or defend in speech or writing
- serving as or appropriate for defending or protecting
defer
- *vi. 推迟;延期;服从
vt. 使推迟;使延期
n. (Defer)人名;(法)德费 - ——————————————**
- hold back to a later time
- submit or yield to another’s wish or opinion
deference
- *n. 顺从;尊重
- ——————————————**
- a courteous expression (by word or deed) of esteem or regard
- courteous regard for people’s feelings
- a disposition or tendency to yield to the will of others
deferential
- *adj. 恭敬的;惯于顺从的
- ——————————————**
- showing deference
defiance
- *n. 蔑视;挑战;反抗
- ——————————————**
- intentionally contemptuous behavior or attitude
- a hostile challenge
- a defiant act
defiant
- *adj. 挑衅的;目中无人的,蔑视的;挑战的
- ——————————————**
- boldly resisting authority or an opposing force
deficiency
- *n. 缺陷,缺点;缺乏;不足的数额
- ——————————————**
- the state of needing something that is absent or unavailable
- lack of an adequate quantity or number
deficient
- *adj. 不足的;有缺陷的;不充分的
- ——————————————**
- inadequate in amount or degree
- of a quantity not able to fulfill a need or requirement
- falling short of some prescribed norm
definite
- *adj. 一定的;确切的
- ——————————————**
- precise; explicit and clearly defined
- known for certain
definitive
- *n. 限定词
adj. 决定性的;最后的;限定的 - ——————————————**
- clearly defined or formulated
- of recognized authority or excellence
- supplying or being a final or conclusive settlement
defrost
- *vt. 除霜
vi. 解冻 - ——————————————**
- make or become free of frost or ice
deft
- *adj. 灵巧的;机敏的;敏捷熟练的
- ——————————————**
- skillful in physical movements; especially of the hands
defunct
- *adj. 死的;非现存的
n. 死者 - ——————————————**
- no longer in force or use; inactive
- having ceased to exist or live
defy
- *vt. 藐视;公然反抗;挑衅;使落空
n. 挑战;对抗 - ——————————————**
- resist or confront with resistance
- elude, especially in a baffling way
- challenge
dehumanize
- *vt. 使成兽性;使失掉人性
- ——————————————**
- deprive of human qualities
- make mechanical or routine
dehydrate
- *vt. 使…脱水;使极其口渴;使丧失力量和兴趣等
vi. 脱水;去水 - ——————————————**
- preserve by removing all water and liquids from
- remove water from
- lose water or moisture
deign
- *vi. 屈尊
vt. 赐予 - ——————————————**
- do something that one considers to be below one’s dignity
deleterious
- *adj. 有毒的,有害的
- ——————————————**
- harmful to living things