List-19 Flashcards
sobriety
- *n. 清醒,冷静;节制;严肃
- ——————————————**
- the state of being sober and not intoxicated by alcohol
- moderation in or abstinence from alcohol or other drugs
- a manner that is serious and solemn
- abstaining from excess
sociable
- *adj. 社交的;好交际的;友善的
n. 联谊会 - ——————————————**
- a party of people assembled to promote sociability and communal activity
- inclined to or conducive to companionship with others
- friendly and pleasant
solder
- *vi. 焊接
vt. 焊接;使联接在一起
n. 焊料;接合物 - ——————————————**
- an alloy (usually of lead and tin) used when melted to join two metal surfaces
- join or fuse with solder
solemn
- *adj. 庄严的,严肃的;隆重的,郑重的
- ——————————————**
- dignified and somber in manner or character and committed to keeping promises
- characterized by a firm and humorless belief in the validity of your opinions
solemnity
- *n. 严肃;庄严;一本正经
- ——————————————**
- a trait of dignified seriousness
- a solemn and dignified feeling
solicit
- *vt. 征求;招揽;请求;乞求
vi. 征求;招揽;恳求;请求 - ——————————————**
- make a solicitation or entreaty for something; request urgently or persistently
- make amorous advances towards
- approach with an offer of sexual favors
- incite, move, or persuade to some act of lawlessness or insubordination
- make a solicitation or petition for something desired
solicitous
- *adj. 热切期望的;热心的;挂念的
- ——————————————**
- full of anxiety and concern
- showing hovering attentiveness
solicitude
- *n. 焦虑;渴望;担心
- ——————————————**
- a feeling of excessive concern
soliloquy
- *n. 独白;自言自语
- ——————————————**
- speech you make to yourself
- a (usually long) dramatic speech intended to give the illusion of unspoken reflections
solitary
- *adj. 孤独的;独居的
n. 独居者;隐士 - ——————————————**
- confinement of a prisoner in isolation from other prisoners
- one who lives in solitude
- characterized by or preferring solitude
- of plants and animals; not growing or living in groups or colonies
- lacking companions or companionship
solo
- *n. 独奏;独唱;独奏曲
adj. 独奏的;独唱的;单独的
vt. 单人攀登;单独驾
vi. 单独表演;放单飞
adv. 单独地 - ——————————————**
- any activity that is performed alone without assistance
- a musical composition for one voice or instrument (with or without accompaniment)
- a flight in which the aircraft pilot is unaccompanied
- fly alone, without a co-pilot or passengers
- perform a piece written for a single instrument
solvent
- *adj. 有偿付能力的;有溶解力的
n. 溶剂;解决方法 - ——————————————**
- a liquid substance capable of dissolving other substances
- a statement that solves a problem or explains how to solve the problem
- capable of meeting financial obligations
somber
- *adj. 忧郁的;昏暗的;严峻的;阴天的
- ——————————————**
- grave or even gloomy in character
- lacking brightness or color; dull
sonorous
- *adj. 响亮的;作响的;能发出响亮声音的
- ——————————————**
- full and loud and deep
soothe
- *vt. 安慰;使平静;缓和
vi. 起抚慰作用 - ——————————————**
- give moral or emotional strength to
- cause to feel better
sophisticated
- *adj. 复杂的;精致的;久经世故的;富有经验的
v. 使变得世故;使迷惑;篡改(sophisticate的过去分词形式) - ——————————————**
- having or appealing to those having worldly knowledge and refinement and savoir-faire
- ahead in development; complex or intricate
- intellectually appealing
sophomoric
- *adj. 一知半解的;大学或四年制中学的二年级的
- ——————————————**
soporific
- *n. 催眠剂;安眠药
adj. 催眠的;想睡的 - ——————————————**
- a drug that induces sleep
- sleep inducing
- inducing mental lethargy
sordid
- *adj. 肮脏的;卑鄙的;利欲熏心的;色彩暗淡的
- ——————————————**
- morally degraded
- unethical or dishonest
- foul and run-down and repulsive
- meanly avaricious and mercenary
soundproof
- *adj. 隔音的
vt. 使隔音;给装以隔音设备 - ——————————————**
- insulate against noise
- impervious to, or not penetrable by, sound
span
- *n. 跨度,跨距;范围
vt. 跨越;持续;以手指测量
n. (Span)人名;(捷)斯潘 - ——————————————**
- the complete duration of something
- the distance or interval between two points
- two items of the same kind
- a unit of length based on the width of the expanded human hand (usually taken as 9 inches)
- a structure that allows people or vehicles to cross an obstacle such as a river or canal or railway etc.
spanking
- *adj. 强烈的;疾行的,疾驰的
n. 打屁股;拍击
adv. 显著地
v. 拍打;严厉斥责(spank的ing形式) - ——————————————**
- the act of slapping on the buttocks
- quick and energetic
sparing
- *adj. 节约的;贫乏的;保守的
n. 抽出;宽恕;免去;给予(spare的ing形式) - ——————————————**
- avoiding waste
sparse
- *adj. 稀疏的;稀少的
- ——————————————**
- not dense
spartan
- *adj. 斯巴达的;斯巴达式的;(生活方式)简朴的,清苦的。
n. 斯巴达人;勇士 - ——————————————**
- a resident of Sparta
- of or relating to or characteristic of Sparta or its people
- resolute in the face of pain or danger or adversity
- unsparing and uncompromising in discipline or judgment
- practicing great self-denial
spatial
- *adj. 空间的;存在于空间的;受空间条件限制的
- ——————————————**
- pertaining to or involving or having the nature of space
specialization
- *n. 专门化;特殊化;特化作用
- ——————————————**
- the act of specializing; making something suitable for a special purpose
- the special line of work you have adopted as your career
- (biology) the structural adaptation of some body part for a particular function
specialize
- *vi. 专门从事;详细说明;特化
vt. 使专门化;使适应特殊情况;详细说明 - ——————————————**
- become more special
- be specific about
- suit to a special purpose
- devote oneself to a special area of work
- evolve so as to lead to a new species or develop in a way most suited to the environment
specified
- *adj. 规定的;详细说明的
v. 指定;详细说明(specify的过去分词) - ——————————————**
- clearly and explicitly stated
specimen
- *n. 样品,样本;标本
- ——————————————**
- an example regarded as typical of its class
- a bit of tissue or blood or urine that is taken for diagnostic purposes
specious
- *adj. 似是而非的;外表美观的;华而不实的;徒有其表的
- ——————————————**
- plausible but false
- based on pretense; deceptively pleasing
spectator
- *n. 观众;旁观者
- ——————————————**
- a close observer; someone who looks at something (such as an exhibition of some kind)
- a woman’s pump with medium heel; usually in contrasting colors for toe and heel
specter
- *n. 幽灵;妖怪;恐怖之物
- ——————————————**
- a mental representation of some haunting experience
- a ghostly appearing figure
spectral
- *adj. [光] 光谱的;幽灵的;鬼怪的
- ——————————————**
- of or relating to a spectrum
- resembling or characteristic of a phantom
spectrum
- *n. 光谱;频谱;范围;余象
- ——————————————**
- an ordered array of the components of an emission or wave
- broad range of related values or qualities or ideas or activities
speculate
- *vi. 推测;投机;思索
vt. 推断 - ——————————————**
- to believe especially on uncertain or tentative grounds
- talk over conjecturally, or review in an idle or casual way and with an element of doubt or without sufficient reason to reach a conclusion
- reflect deeply on a subject
- invest at a risk
speculative
- *adj. 投机的;推测的;思索性的
- ——————————————**
- not financially safe or secure
- not based on fact or investigation
- showing curiosity
spherical
- *adj. 球形的,球面的;天体的
- ——————————————**
- of or relating to spheres or resembling a sphere
- having the shape of a sphere or ball
spice
- *n. 香料;情趣;调味品;少许
vt. 加香料于…;使…增添趣味
n. (Spice)人名;(英)斯派斯 - ——————————————**
- aromatic substances of vegetable origin used as a preservative
- any of a variety of pungent aromatic vegetable substances used for flavoring food
- the property of being seasoned with spice and so highly flavored
- make more interesting or flavorful
- add herbs or spices to
spinal
- *adj. 脊髓的;脊柱的;针的;脊骨的;尖刺的
n. 脊椎麻醉 - ——————————————**
- anesthesia of the lower half of the body; caused by injury to the spinal cord or by injecting an anesthetic beneath the arachnoid membrane that surrounds the spinal cord
- of or relating to the spine or spinal cord
spined
- *adj. 有刺的;有背骨的;有脊柱的
v. 纺;使旋转(spin的过去分词) - ——————————————**
spineless
- *adj. 没有骨气的;无脊椎的;懦弱的
- ——————————————**
- weak in willpower, courage or vitality
- lacking a backbone or spinal column
- lacking spiny processes
- lacking thorns
spinning
- *n. 纺纱
adj. 纺织的
v. 旋转,纺织(spin的现在分词) - ——————————————**
- creating thread
spiny
- *adj. 多刺的;麻烦的;尖刺状的
- ——————————————**
- having spines
- having or covered with protective barbs or quills or spines or thorns or setae etc.
spiral
- *n. 螺旋;旋涡;螺旋形之物
adj. 螺旋形的;盘旋的
vt. 使成螺旋形;使作螺旋形上升
vi. 盘旋;成螺旋形;螺旋形上升(过去式spiraled/spiralled,过去分词spiraled/spiralled,现在分词spiraling/spiralling,第三人称单数spirals,副词spirally) - ——————————————**
- a plane curve traced by a point circling about the center but at increasing distances from the center
- a curve that lies on the surface of a cylinder or cone and cuts the element at a constant angle
- ornament consisting of a curve on a plane that winds around a center with an increasing distance from the center
- a structure consisting of something wound in a continuous series of loops
- flying downward in a helical path with a large radius
spiritedness
- *n. 有精神;活泼;勇敢
- ——————————————**
- quality of being active or spirited or alive and vigorous
spiritual
- *n. 圣歌(尤指美国南部黑人的)
adj. 精神的,心灵的 - ——————————————**
- a kind of religious song originated by Blacks in the southern United States
- concerned with sacred matters or religion or the church
- concerned with or affecting the spirit or soul
- lacking material body or form or substance
- resembling or characteristic of a phantom
spongy
- *adj. 海绵状的;轻软的;多孔而有弹性的;有吸水性的
- ——————————————**
- easily squashed; resembling a sponge in having soft porous texture and compressibility
- like a sponge in being able to absorb liquids and yield it back when compressed
spontaneity
- *n. 自发性;自然发生
- ——————————————**
- the quality of being spontaneous and coming from natural feelings without constraint
sporadic
- *adj. 零星的;分散的;不定时发生的
- ——————————————**
- recurring in scattered and irregular or unpredictable instances
sprawl
- *vi. 蔓延;伸开手足躺;无计划地扩展
vt. 懒散地伸开;使蔓生
n. 蔓生;伸开手足躺卧姿势 - ——————————————**
- an aggregation or continuous network of urban communities
- an ungainly posture with arms and legs spread about
- sit or lie with one’s limbs spread out
- go, come, or spread in a rambling or irregular way
sprawling
- *adj. 蔓生的,不规则地伸展的
v. (手脚)不自然地伸开;笨拙地爬(sprawl的现在分词) - ——————————————**
- an ungainly posture with arms and legs spread about
- spreading out carelessly (as if wandering) in different directions
sprout
- *vi. 发芽;长芽
vt. 使发芽;使萌芽
n. 芽;萌芽;苗芽
n. (Sprout)人名;(英)斯普劳特 - ——————————————**
- any new growth of a plant such as a new branch or a bud
- a newly grown bud (especially from a germinating seed)
- produce buds, branches, or germinate
- put forth and grow sprouts or shoots
spruce
- *vi. 打扮整齐;使显干净
adj. 整洁的
vt. 打扮整齐
n. 云杉 - ——————————————**
- light soft moderately strong wood of spruce trees; used especially for timbers and millwork
- any coniferous tree of the genus Picea
- make neat, smart, or trim
- dress and groom with particular care, as for a special occasion
- marked by up-to-dateness in dress and manners
spurious
- *adj. 假的;伪造的;欺骗的
- ——————————————**
- plausible but false
- born out of wedlock
- intended to deceive
spurn
- *vt. 唾弃;冷落;一脚踢开
vi. 摒弃;藐视
n. 藐视,摒弃;踢开 - ——————————————**
- reject with contempt
squalid
- *adj. 肮脏的;污秽的;卑劣的
- ——————————————**
- morally degraded
- foul and run-down and repulsive
squander
- *vt. 浪费
vi. 浪费;漂泊
n. 浪费 - ——————————————**
- spend thoughtlessly; throw away
- spend extravagantly
squirt
- *n. 喷射;注射
vt. 喷湿
vi. 喷出 - ——————————————**
- someone who is small and insignificant
- the occurrence of a sudden discharge (as of liquid)
- cause to come out in a squirt
- wet with a spurt of liquid
stabilize
- *vt. 使稳固,使安定
vi. 稳定,安定 - ——————————————**
- make stable and keep from fluctuating or put into an equilibrium
- support or hold steady and make steadfast, with or as if with a brace
- become stable or more stable
stagger
- *vt. 蹒跚;使交错;使犹豫
vi. 蹒跚;犹豫
n. 蹒跚;交错安排
adj. 交错的;错开的 - ——————————————**
- an unsteady uneven gait
- walk as if unable to control one’s movements
- walk with great difficulty
- to arrange in a systematic order
- astound or overwhelm, as with shock
stagnant
- *adj. 停滞的;不景气的;污浊的;迟钝的
- ——————————————**
- not circulating or flowing
- not growing or changing; without force or vitality
stagnate
- *vi. 停滞;淤塞;变萧条
vt. 使淤塞;使沉滞;使萧条 - ——————————————**
- stand still
- cause to stagnate
- cease to flow; stand without moving
- be idle; exist in a changeless situation
stagnation
- *n. 停滞;滞止
- ——————————————**
- a state of inactivity (in business or art etc)
- inactivity of liquids; being stagnant; standing still; without current or circulation
stained
- *adj. 玷污的;着色的 v. 玷污;败坏;给…染色(stain的过去式和过去分词)
- ——————————————**
- marked or dyed or discolored with foreign matter
- having a coating of stain or varnish
- especially of reputation
stalk
- *n. (植物的)茎,秆;(支持叶子、果实和花的)梗,柄;追踪;高视阔步
vt. 追踪,潜近;高视阔步
vi. 高视阔步地走;潜近,偷偷接近 - ——————————————**
- material consisting of seed coverings and small pieces of stem or leaves that have been separated from the seeds
- a slender or elongated structure that supports a plant or fungus or a plant part or plant organ
- a hunt for game carried on by following it stealthily or waiting in ambush
- the act of following prey stealthily
- a stiff or threatening gait
stalwart
- *adj. 坚定的;健壮的
n. 坚定分子 - ——————————————**
- a person who is loyal to their allegiance (especially in times of revolt)
- having rugged physical strength; inured to fatigue or hardships
- dependable
- used especially of persons
stark
- *adj. 完全的;荒凉的;刻板的;光秃秃的;朴实的
adv. 完全;明显地;突出地;质朴地
n. (Stark)人名;(俄、罗)斯塔尔克;(英、芬、法、瑞典)斯塔克;(德)施塔克 - ——————————————**
- devoid of any qualifications or disguise or adornment
- severely simple
- complete or extreme
- without qualification; used informally as (often pejorative) intensifiers
- providing no shelter or sustenance
stash
- *n. 藏匿处;藏匿物
vt. 存放;贮藏
vi. 存放;藏起来 - ——————————————**
- a secret store of valuables or money
- save up as for future use
stasis
- *n. [医] 郁积,停滞;血行停滞
n. (Stasis)人名;(俄)斯塔西斯 - ——————————————**
- an abnormal state in which the normal flow of a liquid (such as blood) is slowed or stopped
- inactivity resulting from a static balance between opposing forces
stately
- *adj. 庄严的;堂皇的,宏伟的
- ——————————————**
- impressive in appearance
- of size and dignity suggestive of a statue
- refined or imposing in manner or appearance; befitting a royal court
static
- *adj. 静态的;静电的;静力的
n. 静电;静电干扰 - ——————————————**
- a crackling or hissing noise cause by electrical interference
- angry criticism
- not active or moving
- not in physical motion
- concerned with or producing or caused by static electricity
steadfast
- *adj. 坚定的;不变的
- ——————————————**
- marked by firm determination or resolution; not shakable
- firm and dependable especially in loyalty
steadiness
- *n. 稳定;稳健;不变;稳固
- ——————————————**
- freedom from wavering or indecision; constancy of resolve or conduct
- the quality of being steady or securely and immovably fixed in place
- the quality of being steady–regular and unvarying
steady
- *adj. 稳定的;不变的;沉着的
vi. 稳固
vt. 使稳定;稳固;使坚定
adv. 稳定地;稳固地
n. 关系固定的情侣;固定支架 - ——————————————**
- a person loved by another person
- make steady
- support or hold steady and make steadfast, with or as if with a brace
- not subject to change or variation especially in behavior
- not liable to fluctuate or especially to fall
stellar
- *adj. 星的;星球的;主要的;一流的
- ——————————————**
- indicating the most important performer or role
- being or relating to or resembling or emanating from stars
stem
- *n. 干;茎;船首;血统
vt. 阻止;除去…的茎;给…装柄
vi. 阻止;起源于某事物;逆行 - ——————————————**
- (linguistics) the form of a word after all affixes are removed
- a slender or elongated structure that supports a plant or fungus or a plant part or plant organ
- cylinder forming a long narrow part of something
- the tube of a tobacco pipe
- front part of a vessel or aircraft
stereotype
- *vt. 使用铅版;套用老套,使一成不变
n. 陈腔滥调,老套;铅版 - ——————————————**
- a conventional or formulaic conception or image
- treat or classify according to a mental stereotype
sterile
- *adj. 不育的;无菌的;贫瘠的;不毛的;枯燥乏味的
- ——————————————**
- incapable of reproducing
- free of or using methods to keep free of pathological microorganisms
- deficient in originality or creativity; lacking powers of invention
stiffen
- *vi. 变硬;变猛烈;变粘
vt. 使变硬;使粘稠 - ——————————————**
- become stiff or stiffer
- make stiff or stiffer
- restrict
stilted
- *adj. 不自然的;呆板的;僵硬的
v. 使踩高跷(stilt的过去分词) - ——————————————**
- artificially formal
stimulate
- *vt. 刺激;鼓舞,激励
vi. 起刺激作用;起促进作用 - ——————————————**
- act as a stimulant
- cause to do; cause to act in a specified manner
- stir the feelings, emotions, or peace of
- cause to be alert and energetic
- cause to occur rapidly
stimulus
- *n. 刺激;激励;刺激物
- ——————————————**
- any stimulating information or event; acts to arouse action
stingy
- *adj. 吝啬的,小气的;有刺的;缺乏的
- ——————————————**
- unwilling to spend
- deficient in amount or quality or extent
stint
- *n. 节约;定额,定量
vt. 节省;限制
vi. 紧缩,节省 - ——————————————**
- an unbroken period of time during which you do something
- smallest American sandpiper
- an individuals prescribed share of work
- subsist on a meager allowance
- supply sparingly and with restricted quantities
stipulate
- *vi. 规定;保证
vt. 规定;保证
adj. 有托叶的 - ——————————————**
- specify as a condition or requirement in a contract or agreement; make an express demand or provision in an agreement
- give a guarantee or promise of
- make an oral contract or agreement in the verbal form of question and answer that is necessary to give it legal force
stocky
- *adj. 矮壮的;健壮结实的
- ——————————————**
- heavy and compact in form or stature
stodgy
- *adj. 平凡的;塞满的;庸俗的
- ——————————————**
- heavy and starchy and hard to digest
- (used pejoratively) out of fashion; old fashioned
- excessively conventional and unimaginative and hence dull
stoic
- *n. 斯多葛学派哲学家;禁欲主义者;恬淡寡欲的人,不以苦乐为意的人
adj. 坚忍的,苦修的;斯多葛派的;禁欲主义的 - ——————————————**
- a member of the ancient Greek school of philosophy founded by Zeno
- someone who is seemingly indifferent to emotions
- seeming unaffected by pleasure or pain; impassive
- pertaining to Stoicism or its followers
storage
- *n. 存储;仓库;贮藏所
- ——————————————**
- the act of storing something
- a depository for goods
- the commercial enterprise of storing goods and materials
- (computer science) the process of storing information in a computer memory or on a magnetic tape or disk
- an electronic memory device
stout
- *adj. 结实的;矮胖的;勇敢的;激烈的
n. 矮胖子;烈性啤酒
n. (Stout)人名;(英)斯托特 - ——————————————**
- a strong very dark heavy-bodied ale made from pale malt and roasted unmalted barley and (often) caramel malt with hops
- a garment size for a large or heavy person
- dependable
- euphemisms for `fat’
- having rugged physical strength; inured to fatigue or hardships
strait
- *adj. 狭窄的;苦恼的
n. 海峡;困境
n. (Strait)人名;(英)斯特雷特 - ——————————————**
- a narrow channel of the sea joining two larger bodies of water
- a bad or difficult situation or state of affairs
- strict and severe
stratagem
- *n. 策略;计谋
- ——————————————**
- a maneuver in a game or conversation
- an elaborate or deceitful scheme contrived to deceive or evade
strategic
- *adj. 战略上的,战略的
- ——————————————**
- relating to or concerned with strategy
- highly important to or an integral part of a strategy or plan of action especially in war
stratify
- *vt. 分层;成层;使形成阶层
vi. 分层;成层;阶层化 - ——————————————**
- divide society into social classes or castes
- form layers or strata
- develop different social levels, classes, or castes
- form, arrange, or deposit in layers
- render fertile and preserve by placing between layers of earth or sand
streak
- *n. 条纹,线条;倾向
vi. 飞跑,疾驶;加上条纹
vt. 飞跑,疾驰;加条纹于 - ——————————————**
- an unbroken series of events
- a distinctive characteristic
- a marking of a different color or texture from the background
- a sudden flash (as of lightning)
- move quickly in a straight line
strength
- *n. 力量;力气;兵力;长处
- ——————————————**
- the property of being physically or mentally strong
- capability in terms of personnel and materiel that affect the capacity to fight a war
- physical energy or intensity
- an asset of special worth or utility
- the power to induce the taking of a course of action or the embracing of a point of view by means of argument or entreaty
strenuous
- *adj. 紧张的;费力的;奋发的;艰苦的;热烈的
- ——————————————**
- characterized by or performed with much energy or force
- taxing to the utmost; testing powers of endurance
stride
- *n. 大步;步幅;进展
vt. 跨过;大踏步走过;跨坐在…
vi. 跨;跨过;大步行走 - ——————————————**
- a step in walking or running
- the distance covered by a step
- significant progress (especially in the phrase
- walk with long steps
- cover or traverse by taking long steps
stringent
- *adj. 严厉的;迫切的;银根紧的
- ——————————————**
- demanding strict attention to rules and procedures
strip
- *vt. 剥夺;剥去;脱去衣服
n. 带;条状;脱衣舞
vi. 脱去衣服 - ——————————————**
- a relatively long narrow piece of something
- artifact consisting of a narrow flat piece of material
- an airfield without normal airport facilities
- a sequence of drawings telling a story in a newspaper or comic book
- thin piece of wood or metal
strive
- *vi. 努力;奋斗;抗争
- ——————————————**
- attempt by employing effort
- to exert much effort or energy
stronghold
- *n. 要塞;大本营;中心地
- ——————————————**
- a strongly fortified defensive structure
structure
- *n. 结构;构造;建筑物
vt. 组织;构成;建造 - ——————————————**
- a thing constructed; a complex entity constructed of many parts
- the manner of construction of something and the arrangement of its parts
- the complex composition of knowledge as elements and their combinations
- a particular complex anatomical part
- the people in a society considered as a system organized by a characteristic pattern of relationships
stumble
- *vi. 踌躇,蹒跚;失足;犯错
vt. 使…困惑;使…绊倒
n. 绊倒;蹒跚而行 - ——————————————**
- an unsteady uneven gait
- an unintentional but embarrassing blunder
- walk unsteadily
- miss a step and fall or nearly fall
- encounter by chance
stunning
- *adj. 极好的;使人晕倒的;震耳欲聋的
v. 把…打昏;使震耳欲聋;使大吃一惊(stun的ing形式) - ——————————————**
- commanding attention
- causing great astonishment and consternation
- causing or capable of causing bewilderment or shock or insensibility
- strikingly beautiful or attractive
stylize
- *vt. 使风格化;使程式化
vi. 符合特定(或传统)程式 - ——————————————**
- represent according to a conventional style
stymie
- *vt. 从中作梗,阻挠;妨碍
n. 妨碍球 - ——————————————**
- a situation in golf where an opponent’s ball blocks the line between your ball and the hole
- a thwarting and distressing situation
- hinder or prevent the progress or accomplishment of
subdue
- *vt. 征服;抑制;减轻
- ——————————————**
- put down by force or intimidation
- to put down by force or authority
- hold within limits and control
- get on top of; deal with successfully
- make subordinate, dependent, or subservient
subdued
- *adj. 减弱的;被制服的;被抑制的
v. 使服从,压制,减弱(subdue 的过去式和过去分词) - ——————————————**
- in a softened tone
- restrained in style or quality
- quieted and brought under control
- not brilliant or glaring
- lacking in light; not bright or harsh
subjective
- *adj. 主观的;个人的;自觉的
- ——————————————**
- taking place within the mind and modified by individual bias
- of a mental act performed entirely within the mind
submerged
- *adj. 水下的,在水中的
v. 潜入水中(submerge的过去分词);使陷入 - ——————————————**
- under water; e.g. at the bottom of a body of water
- beneath the surface of the water
- growing or remaining under water
submission
- *n. 投降;提交(物);服从;(向法官提出的)意见;谦恭
- ——————————————**
- something (manuscripts or architectural plans and models or estimates or works of art of all genres etc.) submitted for the judgment of others (as in a competition)
- the act of submitting; usually surrendering power to another
- the condition of having submitted to control by someone or something else
- the feeling of patient submissive humbleness
- a legal document summarizing an agreement between parties in a dispute to abide by the decision of an arbiter
subordinate
- *n. 下属,下级;部属,属下
adj. 从属的;次要的
vt. 使……居下位;使……服从 - ——————————————**
- an assistant subject to the authority or control of another
- a word that is more specific than a given word
- rank or order as less important or consider of less value
- make subordinate, dependent, or subservient
- lower in rank or importance
subservient
- *adj. 屈从的;奉承的;有用的;有帮助的
- ——————————————**
- compliant and obedient to authority
- serving or acting as a means or aid
- abjectly submissive; characteristic of a slave or servant
subside
- *vi. 平息;减弱;沉淀;坐下
- ——————————————**
- wear off or die down
- sink to a lower level or form a depression
- sink down or precipitate
- descend into or as if into some soft substance or place
subsidize
- *vt. 资助;给与奖助金;向…行贿
- ——————————————**
- support through subsidies
- secure the assistance of by granting a subsidy, as of nations or military forces
subsist
- *vi. 存在;维持生活
vt. 供养 - ——————————————**
- support oneself
substantiate
- *vt. 证实;使实体化
- ——————————————**
- establish or strengthen as with new evidence or facts
- represent in bodily form
- make real or concrete; give reality or substance to
- solidify, firm, or strengthen
substantive
- *adj. 有实质的;大量的;真实的;独立存在的
n. 名词性实词;独立存在的实体 - ——————————————**
- a noun or a pronoun that is used in place of a noun
- having a firm basis in reality and being therefore important, meaningful, or considerable
- defining rights and duties as opposed to giving the rules by which rights and duties are established
- being on topic and prompting thought
substitute
- *n. 代用品;代替者
vi. 替代
vt. 代替 - ——————————————**
- a person or thing that takes or can take the place of another
- an athlete who plays only when a starter on the team is replaced
- someone who takes the place of another (as when things get dangerous or difficult)
- put in the place of another; switch seemingly equivalent items
- be a substitute
subterranean
- *adj. 地下的;秘密的;隐蔽的
n. 地下工作者 - ——————————————**
- being or operating under the surface of the earth
- lying beyond what is openly revealed or avowed (especially being kept in the background or deliberately concealed)
subtle
- *adj. 微妙的;精细的;敏感的;狡猾的;稀薄的
- ——————————————**
- be difficult to detect or grasp by the mind
- faint and difficult to analyze
- able to make fine distinctions
- working or spreading in a hidden and usually injurious way
subtly
- *adv. 精细地;巧妙地;敏锐地
- ——————————————**
- in a subtle manner
subtract
- *vt. 减去;扣掉
- ——————————————**
- make a subtraction
subtractive
- *adj. 减去的;负的;有负号的
- ——————————————**
- constituting or involving subtraction
subversive
- *adj. 破坏性的;从事颠覆的
n. 危险分子;颠覆分子 - ——————————————**
- a radical supporter of political or social revolution
- in opposition to a civil authority or government
subvert
- *vt. 颠覆;推翻;破坏
- ——————————————**
- cause the downfall of; of rulers
- corrupt morally or by intemperance or sensuality
- destroy property or hinder normal operations
- destroy completely
successively
- *adv. 相继地;接连着地
- ——————————————**
- in proper order or sequence
succinct
- *adj. 简洁的;简明的;紧身的
- ——————————————**
- briefly giving the gist of something
succinctness
- *n. 简明,简洁
- ——————————————**
- terseness and economy in writing and speaking achieved by expressing a great deal in just a few words
succor
- *n. 救援;援助者
vt. 救援;援助 - ——————————————**
- assistance in time of difficulty
- help in a difficult situation
succumb
- *vi. 屈服;死;被压垮
- ——————————————**
- consent reluctantly
- be fatally overwhelmed
suffrage
- *n. 选举权;投票;参政权;代祷;赞成票
- ——————————————**
- a legal right guaranteed by the 15th amendment to the US constitution; guaranteed to women by the 19th amendment
suffragist
- *n. 妇女政权论者;参政权扩大论者
- ——————————————**
- an advocate of the extension of voting rights (especially to women)
sully
- *vt. 玷污;使丢脸
n. 污点,损伤
n. (Sully)人名;(英)萨利;(法)苏利 - ——————————————**
- United States painter (born in England) of portraits and historical scenes (1783-1872)
- French statesman (1560-1641)
- place under suspicion or cast doubt upon
- make dirty or spotty, as by exposure to air; also used metaphorically
- charge falsely or with malicious intent; attack the good name and reputation of someone
sultry
- *adj. 闷热的;狂暴的;淫荡的
- ——————————————**
- sexually exciting or gratifying
- characterized by oppressive heat and humidity
summary
- *adj. 简易的;扼要的
n. 概要,摘要,总结 - ——————————————**
- a brief statement that presents the main points in a concise form
- performed speedily and without formality
- briefly giving the gist of something
sumptuous
- *adj. 华丽的,豪华的;奢侈的
- ——————————————**
- rich and superior in quality
sun-bronzed
- *被太阳晒成古铜色的
- ——————————————**
sunlit
- *adj. 阳光照射的;被日光照射了的
- ——————————————**
- lighted by sunlight
superannuate
- *vt. 废弃,淘汰;给……养老金使退休;解雇……
vi. 变得过时;因年老而领养老金退休 - ——————————————**
- retire and pension (someone) because of age or physical inability
- declare to be obsolete
- become obsolete
- retire or become ineligible because of old age or infirmity
superb
- *adj. 极好的;华丽的;宏伟的
n. (Superb)人名;(罗)苏佩尔布 - ——————————————**
- of surpassing excellence
- surpassingly good
supercilious
- *adj. 目空一切的,高傲的;傲慢的,自大的
- ——————————————**
- having or showing arrogant superiority to and disdain of those one views as unworthy
- expressive of contempt
superficial
- *adj. 表面的;肤浅的 ;表面文章的;外表的;(人)浅薄的
- ——————————————**
- being or affecting or concerned with a surface; not deep or penetrating emotionally or intellectually
- relating to a surface
- of little substance or significance
- involving a surface only
superficially
- *adv. 表面地;浅薄地
- ——————————————**
- in a superficial manner
superfluous
- *adj. 多余的;不必要的;奢侈的
- ——————————————**
- serving no useful purpose; having no excuse for being
- more than is needed, desired, or required
supernova
- *n. [天] 超新星
- ——————————————**
- a star that explodes and becomes extremely luminous in the process
supersede
- *vt. 取代,代替;紧接着……而到来
vi. 推迟行动 - ——————————————**
- take the place or move into the position of