List-19 Flashcards
1
Q
sobriety
A
- *n. 清醒，冷静；节制；严肃
- ——————————————**
- the state of being sober and not intoxicated by alcohol
- moderation in or abstinence from alcohol or other drugs
- a manner that is serious and solemn
- abstaining from excess
2
Q
sociable
A
- *adj. 社交的；好交际的；友善的
n. 联谊会 - ——————————————**
- a party of people assembled to promote sociability and communal activity
- inclined to or conducive to companionship with others
- friendly and pleasant
3
Q
solder
A
- *vi. 焊接
vt. 焊接；使联接在一起
n. 焊料；接合物 - ——————————————**
- an alloy (usually of lead and tin) used when melted to join two metal surfaces
- join or fuse with solder
4
Q
solemn
A
- *adj. 庄严的，严肃的；隆重的，郑重的
- ——————————————**
- dignified and somber in manner or character and committed to keeping promises
- characterized by a firm and humorless belief in the validity of your opinions
5
Q
solemnity
A
- *n. 严肃；庄严；一本正经
- ——————————————**
- a trait of dignified seriousness
- a solemn and dignified feeling
6
Q
solicit
A
- *vt. 征求；招揽；请求；乞求
vi. 征求；招揽；恳求；请求 - ——————————————**
- make a solicitation or entreaty for something; request urgently or persistently
- make amorous advances towards
- approach with an offer of sexual favors
- incite, move, or persuade to some act of lawlessness or insubordination
- make a solicitation or petition for something desired
7
Q
solicitous
A
- *adj. 热切期望的；热心的；挂念的
- ——————————————**
- full of anxiety and concern
- showing hovering attentiveness
8
Q
solicitude
A
- *n. 焦虑；渴望；担心
- ——————————————**
- a feeling of excessive concern
9
Q
soliloquy
A
- *n. 独白；自言自语
- ——————————————**
- speech you make to yourself
- a (usually long) dramatic speech intended to give the illusion of unspoken reflections
10
Q
solitary
A
- *adj. 孤独的；独居的
n. 独居者；隐士 - ——————————————**
- confinement of a prisoner in isolation from other prisoners
- one who lives in solitude
- characterized by or preferring solitude
- of plants and animals; not growing or living in groups or colonies
- lacking companions or companionship
11
Q
solo
A
- *n. 独奏；独唱；独奏曲
adj. 独奏的；独唱的；单独的
vt. 单人攀登；单独驾
vi. 单独表演；放单飞
adv. 单独地 - ——————————————**
- any activity that is performed alone without assistance
- a musical composition for one voice or instrument (with or without accompaniment)
- a flight in which the aircraft pilot is unaccompanied
- fly alone, without a co-pilot or passengers
- perform a piece written for a single instrument
12
Q
solvent
A
- *adj. 有偿付能力的；有溶解力的
n. 溶剂；解决方法 - ——————————————**
- a liquid substance capable of dissolving other substances
- a statement that solves a problem or explains how to solve the problem
- capable of meeting financial obligations
13
Q
somber
A
- *adj. 忧郁的；昏暗的；严峻的；阴天的
- ——————————————**
- grave or even gloomy in character
- lacking brightness or color; dull
14
Q
sonorous
A
- *adj. 响亮的；作响的；能发出响亮声音的
- ——————————————**
- full and loud and deep
15
Q
soothe
A
- *vt. 安慰；使平静；缓和
vi. 起抚慰作用 - ——————————————**
- give moral or emotional strength to
- cause to feel better
16
Q
sophisticated
A
- *adj. 复杂的；精致的；久经世故的；富有经验的
v. 使变得世故；使迷惑；篡改（sophisticate的过去分词形式） - ——————————————**
- having or appealing to those having worldly knowledge and refinement and savoir-faire
- ahead in development; complex or intricate
- intellectually appealing
17
Q
sophomoric
A
- *adj. 一知半解的；大学或四年制中学的二年级的
- ——————————————**
18
Q
soporific
A
- *n. 催眠剂；安眠药
adj. 催眠的；想睡的 - ——————————————**
- a drug that induces sleep
- sleep inducing
- inducing mental lethargy
19
Q
sordid
A
- *adj. 肮脏的；卑鄙的；利欲熏心的；色彩暗淡的
- ——————————————**
- morally degraded
- unethical or dishonest
- foul and run-down and repulsive
- meanly avaricious and mercenary
20
Q
soundproof
A
- *adj. 隔音的
vt. 使隔音；给装以隔音设备 - ——————————————**
- insulate against noise
- impervious to, or not penetrable by, sound
21
Q
span
A
- *n. 跨度，跨距；范围
vt. 跨越；持续；以手指测量
n. (Span)人名；(捷)斯潘 - ——————————————**
- the complete duration of something
- the distance or interval between two points
- two items of the same kind
- a unit of length based on the width of the expanded human hand (usually taken as 9 inches)
- a structure that allows people or vehicles to cross an obstacle such as a river or canal or railway etc.
22
Q
spanking
A
- *adj. 强烈的；疾行的，疾驰的
n. 打屁股；拍击
adv. 显著地
v. 拍打；严厉斥责（spank的ing形式） - ——————————————**
- the act of slapping on the buttocks
- quick and energetic
23
Q
sparing
A
- *adj. 节约的；贫乏的；保守的
n. 抽出；宽恕；免去；给予（spare的ing形式） - ——————————————**
- avoiding waste
24
Q
sparse
A
- *adj. 稀疏的；稀少的
- ——————————————**
- not dense
25
**spartan**
* *adj. 斯巴达的；斯巴达式的；（生活方式）简朴的，清苦的。
n. 斯巴达人；勇士
- ------------------------------------------**
1. a resident of Sparta
2. of or relating to or characteristic of Sparta or its people
3. resolute in the face of pain or danger or adversity
4. unsparing and uncompromising in discipline or judgment
5. practicing great self-denial
26
**spatial**
* *adj. 空间的；存在于空间的；受空间条件限制的
- ------------------------------------------**
1. pertaining to or involving or having the nature of space
27
**specialization**
* *n. 专门化；特殊化；特化作用
- ------------------------------------------**
1. the act of specializing; making something suitable for a special purpose
2. the special line of work you have adopted as your career
3. (biology) the structural adaptation of some body part for a particular function
28
**specialize**
* *vi. 专门从事；详细说明；特化
vt. 使专门化；使适应特殊情况；详细说明
- ------------------------------------------**
1. become more special
2. be specific about
3. suit to a special purpose
4. devote oneself to a special area of work
5. evolve so as to lead to a new species or develop in a way most suited to the environment
29
**specified**
* *adj. 规定的；详细说明的
v. 指定；详细说明（specify的过去分词）
- ------------------------------------------**
1. clearly and explicitly stated
30
**specimen**
* *n. 样品，样本；标本
- ------------------------------------------**
1. an example regarded as typical of its class
2. a bit of tissue or blood or urine that is taken for diagnostic purposes
31
**specious**
* *adj. 似是而非的；外表美观的；华而不实的；徒有其表的
- ------------------------------------------**
1. plausible but false
2. based on pretense; deceptively pleasing
32
**spectator**
* *n. 观众；旁观者
- ------------------------------------------**
1. a close observer; someone who looks at something (such as an exhibition of some kind)
2. a woman's pump with medium heel; usually in contrasting colors for toe and heel
33
**specter**
* *n. 幽灵；妖怪；恐怖之物
- ------------------------------------------**
1. a mental representation of some haunting experience
2. a ghostly appearing figure
34
**spectral**
* *adj. [光] 光谱的；幽灵的；鬼怪的
- ------------------------------------------**
1. of or relating to a spectrum
2. resembling or characteristic of a phantom
35
**spectrum**
* *n. 光谱；频谱；范围；余象
- ------------------------------------------**
1. an ordered array of the components of an emission or wave
2. broad range of related values or qualities or ideas or activities
36
**speculate**
* *vi. 推测；投机；思索
vt. 推断
- ------------------------------------------**
1. to believe especially on uncertain or tentative grounds
2. talk over conjecturally, or review in an idle or casual way and with an element of doubt or without sufficient reason to reach a conclusion
3. reflect deeply on a subject
4. invest at a risk
37
**speculative**
* *adj. 投机的；推测的；思索性的
- ------------------------------------------**
1. not financially safe or secure
2. not based on fact or investigation
3. showing curiosity
38
**spherical**
* *adj. 球形的，球面的；天体的
- ------------------------------------------**
1. of or relating to spheres or resembling a sphere
2. having the shape of a sphere or ball
39
**spice**
* *n. 香料；情趣；调味品；少许
vt. 加香料于…；使…增添趣味
n. (Spice)人名；(英)斯派斯
- ------------------------------------------**
1. aromatic substances of vegetable origin used as a preservative
2. any of a variety of pungent aromatic vegetable substances used for flavoring food
3. the property of being seasoned with spice and so highly flavored
4. make more interesting or flavorful
5. add herbs or spices to
40
**spinal**
* *adj. 脊髓的；脊柱的；针的；脊骨的；尖刺的
n. 脊椎麻醉
- ------------------------------------------**
1. anesthesia of the lower half of the body; caused by injury to the spinal cord or by injecting an anesthetic beneath the arachnoid membrane that surrounds the spinal cord
2. of or relating to the spine or spinal cord
41
**spined**
* *adj. 有刺的；有背骨的；有脊柱的
v. 纺；使旋转（spin的过去分词）
- ------------------------------------------**
42
**spineless**
* *adj. 没有骨气的；无脊椎的；懦弱的
- ------------------------------------------**
1. weak in willpower, courage or vitality
2. lacking a backbone or spinal column
3. lacking spiny processes
4. lacking thorns
43
**spinning**
* *n. 纺纱
adj. 纺织的
v. 旋转，纺织（spin的现在分词）
- ------------------------------------------**
1. creating thread
44
**spiny**
* *adj. 多刺的；麻烦的；尖刺状的
- ------------------------------------------**
1. having spines
2. having or covered with protective barbs or quills or spines or thorns or setae etc.
45
**spiral**
* *n. 螺旋；旋涡；螺旋形之物
adj. 螺旋形的；盘旋的
vt. 使成螺旋形；使作螺旋形上升
vi. 盘旋；成螺旋形；螺旋形上升（过去式spiraled/spiralled，过去分词spiraled/spiralled，现在分词spiraling/spiralling，第三人称单数spirals，副词spirally）
- ------------------------------------------**
1. a plane curve traced by a point circling about the center but at increasing distances from the center
2. a curve that lies on the surface of a cylinder or cone and cuts the element at a constant angle
3. ornament consisting of a curve on a plane that winds around a center with an increasing distance from the center
4. a structure consisting of something wound in a continuous series of loops
5. flying downward in a helical path with a large radius
46
**spiritedness**
* *n. 有精神；活泼；勇敢
- ------------------------------------------**
1. quality of being active or spirited or alive and vigorous
47
**spiritual**
* *n. 圣歌（尤指美国南部黑人的）
adj. 精神的，心灵的
- ------------------------------------------**
1. a kind of religious song originated by Blacks in the southern United States
2. concerned with sacred matters or religion or the church
3. concerned with or affecting the spirit or soul
4. lacking material body or form or substance
5. resembling or characteristic of a phantom
48
**spongy**
* *adj. 海绵状的；轻软的；多孔而有弹性的；有吸水性的
- ------------------------------------------**
1. easily squashed; resembling a sponge in having soft porous texture and compressibility
2. like a sponge in being able to absorb liquids and yield it back when compressed
49
**spontaneity**
* *n. 自发性；自然发生
- ------------------------------------------**
1. the quality of being spontaneous and coming from natural feelings without constraint
50
**sporadic**
* *adj. 零星的；分散的；不定时发生的
- ------------------------------------------**
1. recurring in scattered and irregular or unpredictable instances
51
**sprawl**
* *vi. 蔓延；伸开手足躺；无计划地扩展
vt. 懒散地伸开；使蔓生
n. 蔓生；伸开手足躺卧姿势
- ------------------------------------------**
1. an aggregation or continuous network of urban communities
2. an ungainly posture with arms and legs spread about
3. sit or lie with one's limbs spread out
4. go, come, or spread in a rambling or irregular way
52
**sprawling**
* *adj. 蔓生的，不规则地伸展的
v. （手脚）不自然地伸开；笨拙地爬（sprawl的现在分词）
- ------------------------------------------**
1. an ungainly posture with arms and legs spread about
2. spreading out carelessly (as if wandering) in different directions
53
**sprout**
* *vi. 发芽；长芽
vt. 使发芽；使萌芽
n. 芽；萌芽；苗芽
n. (Sprout)人名；(英)斯普劳特
- ------------------------------------------**
1. any new growth of a plant such as a new branch or a bud
2. a newly grown bud (especially from a germinating seed)
3. produce buds, branches, or germinate
4. put forth and grow sprouts or shoots
54
**spruce**
* *vi. 打扮整齐；使显干净
adj. 整洁的
vt. 打扮整齐
n. 云杉
- ------------------------------------------**
1. light soft moderately strong wood of spruce trees; used especially for timbers and millwork
2. any coniferous tree of the genus Picea
3. make neat, smart, or trim
4. dress and groom with particular care, as for a special occasion
5. marked by up-to-dateness in dress and manners
55
**spurious**
* *adj. 假的；伪造的；欺骗的
- ------------------------------------------**
1. plausible but false
2. born out of wedlock
3. intended to deceive
56
**spurn**
* *vt. 唾弃；冷落；一脚踢开
vi. 摒弃；藐视
n. 藐视，摒弃；踢开
- ------------------------------------------**
1. reject with contempt
57
**squalid**
* *adj. 肮脏的；污秽的；卑劣的
- ------------------------------------------**
1. morally degraded
2. foul and run-down and repulsive
58
**squander**
* *vt. 浪费
vi. 浪费；漂泊
n. 浪费
- ------------------------------------------**
1. spend thoughtlessly; throw away
2. spend extravagantly
59
**squirt**
* *n. 喷射；注射
vt. 喷湿
vi. 喷出
- ------------------------------------------**
1. someone who is small and insignificant
2. the occurrence of a sudden discharge (as of liquid)
3. cause to come out in a squirt
4. wet with a spurt of liquid
60
**stabilize**
* *vt. 使稳固，使安定
vi. 稳定，安定
- ------------------------------------------**
1. make stable and keep from fluctuating or put into an equilibrium
2. support or hold steady and make steadfast, with or as if with a brace
3. become stable or more stable
61
**stagger**
* *vt. 蹒跚；使交错；使犹豫
vi. 蹒跚；犹豫
n. 蹒跚；交错安排
adj. 交错的；错开的
- ------------------------------------------**
1. an unsteady uneven gait
2. walk as if unable to control one's movements
3. walk with great difficulty
4. to arrange in a systematic order
5. astound or overwhelm, as with shock
62
**stagnant**
* *adj. 停滞的；不景气的；污浊的；迟钝的
- ------------------------------------------**
1. not circulating or flowing
2. not growing or changing; without force or vitality
63
**stagnate**
* *vi. 停滞；淤塞；变萧条
vt. 使淤塞；使沉滞；使萧条
- ------------------------------------------**
1. stand still
2. cause to stagnate
3. cease to flow; stand without moving
4. be idle; exist in a changeless situation
64
**stagnation**
* *n. 停滞；滞止
- ------------------------------------------**
1. a state of inactivity (in business or art etc)
2. inactivity of liquids; being stagnant; standing still; without current or circulation
65
**stained**
* *adj. 玷污的；着色的 v. 玷污；败坏；给…染色（stain的过去式和过去分词）
- ------------------------------------------**
1. marked or dyed or discolored with foreign matter
2. having a coating of stain or varnish
3. especially of reputation
66
**stalk**
* *n. （植物的）茎，秆；（支持叶子、果实和花的）梗，柄；追踪；高视阔步
vt. 追踪，潜近；高视阔步
vi. 高视阔步地走；潜近，偷偷接近
- ------------------------------------------**
1. material consisting of seed coverings and small pieces of stem or leaves that have been separated from the seeds
2. a slender or elongated structure that supports a plant or fungus or a plant part or plant organ
3. a hunt for game carried on by following it stealthily or waiting in ambush
4. the act of following prey stealthily
5. a stiff or threatening gait
67
**stalwart**
* *adj. 坚定的；健壮的
n. 坚定分子
- ------------------------------------------**
1. a person who is loyal to their allegiance (especially in times of revolt)
2. having rugged physical strength; inured to fatigue or hardships
3. dependable
4. used especially of persons
68
**stark**
* *adj. 完全的；荒凉的；刻板的；光秃秃的；朴实的
adv. 完全；明显地；突出地；质朴地
n. (Stark)人名；(俄、罗)斯塔尔克；(英、芬、法、瑞典)斯塔克；(德)施塔克
- ------------------------------------------**
1. devoid of any qualifications or disguise or adornment
2. severely simple
3. complete or extreme
4. without qualification; used informally as (often pejorative) intensifiers
5. providing no shelter or sustenance
69
**stash**
* *n. 藏匿处；藏匿物
vt. 存放；贮藏
vi. 存放；藏起来
- ------------------------------------------**
1. a secret store of valuables or money
2. save up as for future use
70
**stasis**
* *n. [医] 郁积，停滞；血行停滞
n. (Stasis)人名；(俄)斯塔西斯
- ------------------------------------------**
1. an abnormal state in which the normal flow of a liquid (such as blood) is slowed or stopped
2. inactivity resulting from a static balance between opposing forces
71
**stately**
* *adj. 庄严的；堂皇的，宏伟的
- ------------------------------------------**
1. impressive in appearance
2. of size and dignity suggestive of a statue
3. refined or imposing in manner or appearance; befitting a royal court
72
**static**
* *adj. 静态的；静电的；静力的
n. 静电；静电干扰
- ------------------------------------------**
1. a crackling or hissing noise cause by electrical interference
2. angry criticism
3. not active or moving
4. not in physical motion
5. concerned with or producing or caused by static electricity
73
**steadfast**
* *adj. 坚定的；不变的
- ------------------------------------------**
1. marked by firm determination or resolution; not shakable
2. firm and dependable especially in loyalty
74
**steadiness**
* *n. 稳定；稳健；不变；稳固
- ------------------------------------------**
1. freedom from wavering or indecision; constancy of resolve or conduct
2. the quality of being steady or securely and immovably fixed in place
3. the quality of being steady--regular and unvarying
75
**steady**
* *adj. 稳定的；不变的；沉着的
vi. 稳固
vt. 使稳定；稳固；使坚定
adv. 稳定地；稳固地
n. 关系固定的情侣；固定支架
- ------------------------------------------**
1. a person loved by another person
2. make steady
3. support or hold steady and make steadfast, with or as if with a brace
4. not subject to change or variation especially in behavior
5. not liable to fluctuate or especially to fall
76
**stellar**
* *adj. 星的；星球的；主要的；一流的
- ------------------------------------------**
1. indicating the most important performer or role
2. being or relating to or resembling or emanating from stars
77
**stem**
* *n. 干；茎；船首；血统
vt. 阻止；除去…的茎；给…装柄
vi. 阻止；起源于某事物；逆行
- ------------------------------------------**
1. (linguistics) the form of a word after all affixes are removed
2. a slender or elongated structure that supports a plant or fungus or a plant part or plant organ
3. cylinder forming a long narrow part of something
4. the tube of a tobacco pipe
5. front part of a vessel or aircraft
78
**stereotype**
* *vt. 使用铅版；套用老套，使一成不变
n. 陈腔滥调，老套；铅版
- ------------------------------------------**
1. a conventional or formulaic conception or image
2. treat or classify according to a mental stereotype
79
**sterile**
* *adj. 不育的；无菌的；贫瘠的；不毛的；枯燥乏味的
- ------------------------------------------**
1. incapable of reproducing
2. free of or using methods to keep free of pathological microorganisms
3. deficient in originality or creativity; lacking powers of invention
80
**stiffen**
* *vi. 变硬；变猛烈；变粘
vt. 使变硬；使粘稠
- ------------------------------------------**
1. become stiff or stiffer
2. make stiff or stiffer
3. restrict
81
**stilted**
* *adj. 不自然的；呆板的；僵硬的
v. 使踩高跷（stilt的过去分词）
- ------------------------------------------**
1. artificially formal
82
**stimulate**
* *vt. 刺激；鼓舞，激励
vi. 起刺激作用；起促进作用
- ------------------------------------------**
1. act as a stimulant
2. cause to do; cause to act in a specified manner
3. stir the feelings, emotions, or peace of
4. cause to be alert and energetic
5. cause to occur rapidly
83
**stimulus**
* *n. 刺激；激励；刺激物
- ------------------------------------------**
1. any stimulating information or event; acts to arouse action
84
**stingy**
* *adj. 吝啬的，小气的；有刺的；缺乏的
- ------------------------------------------**
1. unwilling to spend
2. deficient in amount or quality or extent
85
**stint**
* *n. 节约；定额，定量
vt. 节省；限制
vi. 紧缩，节省
- ------------------------------------------**
1. an unbroken period of time during which you do something
2. smallest American sandpiper
3. an individuals prescribed share of work
4. subsist on a meager allowance
5. supply sparingly and with restricted quantities
86
**stipulate**
* *vi. 规定；保证
vt. 规定；保证
adj. 有托叶的
- ------------------------------------------**
1. specify as a condition or requirement in a contract or agreement; make an express demand or provision in an agreement
2. give a guarantee or promise of
3. make an oral contract or agreement in the verbal form of question and answer that is necessary to give it legal force
87
**stocky**
* *adj. 矮壮的；健壮结实的
- ------------------------------------------**
1. heavy and compact in form or stature
88
**stodgy**
* *adj. 平凡的；塞满的；庸俗的
- ------------------------------------------**
1. heavy and starchy and hard to digest
2. (used pejoratively) out of fashion; old fashioned
3. excessively conventional and unimaginative and hence dull
89
**stoic**
* *n. 斯多葛学派哲学家；禁欲主义者；恬淡寡欲的人，不以苦乐为意的人
adj. 坚忍的，苦修的；斯多葛派的；禁欲主义的
- ------------------------------------------**
1. a member of the ancient Greek school of philosophy founded by Zeno
2. someone who is seemingly indifferent to emotions
3. seeming unaffected by pleasure or pain; impassive
4. pertaining to Stoicism or its followers
90
**storage**
* *n. 存储；仓库；贮藏所
- ------------------------------------------**
1. the act of storing something
2. a depository for goods
3. the commercial enterprise of storing goods and materials
4. (computer science) the process of storing information in a computer memory or on a magnetic tape or disk
5. an electronic memory device
91
**stout**
* *adj. 结实的；矮胖的；勇敢的；激烈的
n. 矮胖子；烈性啤酒
n. (Stout)人名；(英)斯托特
- ------------------------------------------**
1. a strong very dark heavy-bodied ale made from pale malt and roasted unmalted barley and (often) caramel malt with hops
2. a garment size for a large or heavy person
3. dependable
4. euphemisms for `fat'
5. having rugged physical strength; inured to fatigue or hardships
92
**strait**
* *adj. 狭窄的；苦恼的
n. 海峡；困境
n. (Strait)人名；(英)斯特雷特
- ------------------------------------------**
1. a narrow channel of the sea joining two larger bodies of water
2. a bad or difficult situation or state of affairs
3. strict and severe
93
**stratagem**
* *n. 策略；计谋
- ------------------------------------------**
1. a maneuver in a game or conversation
2. an elaborate or deceitful scheme contrived to deceive or evade
94
**strategic**
* *adj. 战略上的，战略的
- ------------------------------------------**
1. relating to or concerned with strategy
2. highly important to or an integral part of a strategy or plan of action especially in war
95
**stratify**
* *vt. 分层；成层；使形成阶层
vi. 分层；成层；阶层化
- ------------------------------------------**
1. divide society into social classes or castes
2. form layers or strata
3. develop different social levels, classes, or castes
4. form, arrange, or deposit in layers
5. render fertile and preserve by placing between layers of earth or sand
96
**streak**
* *n. 条纹，线条；倾向
vi. 飞跑，疾驶；加上条纹
vt. 飞跑，疾驰；加条纹于
- ------------------------------------------**
1. an unbroken series of events
2. a distinctive characteristic
3. a marking of a different color or texture from the background
4. a sudden flash (as of lightning)
5. move quickly in a straight line
97
**strength**
* *n. 力量；力气；兵力；长处
- ------------------------------------------**
1. the property of being physically or mentally strong
2. capability in terms of personnel and materiel that affect the capacity to fight a war
3. physical energy or intensity
4. an asset of special worth or utility
5. the power to induce the taking of a course of action or the embracing of a point of view by means of argument or entreaty
98
**strenuous**
* *adj. 紧张的；费力的；奋发的；艰苦的；热烈的
- ------------------------------------------**
1. characterized by or performed with much energy or force
2. taxing to the utmost; testing powers of endurance
99
**stride**
* *n. 大步；步幅；进展
vt. 跨过；大踏步走过；跨坐在…
vi. 跨；跨过；大步行走
- ------------------------------------------**
1. a step in walking or running
2. the distance covered by a step
3. significant progress (especially in the phrase
4. walk with long steps
5. cover or traverse by taking long steps
100
**stringent**
* *adj. 严厉的；迫切的；银根紧的
- ------------------------------------------**
1. demanding strict attention to rules and procedures
101
**strip**
* *vt. 剥夺；剥去；脱去衣服
n. 带；条状；脱衣舞
vi. 脱去衣服
- ------------------------------------------**
1. a relatively long narrow piece of something
2. artifact consisting of a narrow flat piece of material
3. an airfield without normal airport facilities
4. a sequence of drawings telling a story in a newspaper or comic book
5. thin piece of wood or metal
102
**strive**
* *vi. 努力；奋斗；抗争
- ------------------------------------------**
1. attempt by employing effort
2. to exert much effort or energy
103
**stronghold**
* *n. 要塞；大本营；中心地
- ------------------------------------------**
1. a strongly fortified defensive structure
104
**structure**
* *n. 结构；构造；建筑物
vt. 组织；构成；建造
- ------------------------------------------**
1. a thing constructed; a complex entity constructed of many parts
2. the manner of construction of something and the arrangement of its parts
3. the complex composition of knowledge as elements and their combinations
4. a particular complex anatomical part
5. the people in a society considered as a system organized by a characteristic pattern of relationships
105
**stumble**
* *vi. 踌躇，蹒跚；失足；犯错
vt. 使…困惑；使…绊倒
n. 绊倒；蹒跚而行
- ------------------------------------------**
1. an unsteady uneven gait
2. an unintentional but embarrassing blunder
3. walk unsteadily
4. miss a step and fall or nearly fall
5. encounter by chance
106
**stunning**
* *adj. 极好的；使人晕倒的；震耳欲聋的
v. 把…打昏；使震耳欲聋；使大吃一惊（stun的ing形式）
- ------------------------------------------**
1. commanding attention
2. causing great astonishment and consternation
3. causing or capable of causing bewilderment or shock or insensibility
4. strikingly beautiful or attractive
107
**stylize**
* *vt. 使风格化；使程式化
vi. 符合特定（或传统）程式
- ------------------------------------------**
1. represent according to a conventional style
108
**stymie**
* *vt. 从中作梗，阻挠；妨碍
n. 妨碍球
- ------------------------------------------**
1. a situation in golf where an opponent's ball blocks the line between your ball and the hole
2. a thwarting and distressing situation
3. hinder or prevent the progress or accomplishment of
109
**subdue**
* *vt. 征服；抑制；减轻
- ------------------------------------------**
1. put down by force or intimidation
2. to put down by force or authority
3. hold within limits and control
4. get on top of; deal with successfully
5. make subordinate, dependent, or subservient
110
**subdued**
* *adj. 减弱的；被制服的；被抑制的
v. 使服从，压制，减弱（subdue 的过去式和过去分词）
- ------------------------------------------**
1. in a softened tone
2. restrained in style or quality
3. quieted and brought under control
4. not brilliant or glaring
5. lacking in light; not bright or harsh
111
**subjective**
* *adj. 主观的；个人的；自觉的
- ------------------------------------------**
1. taking place within the mind and modified by individual bias
2. of a mental act performed entirely within the mind
112
**submerged**
* *adj. 水下的，在水中的
v. 潜入水中（submerge的过去分词）；使陷入
- ------------------------------------------**
1. under water; e.g. at the bottom of a body of water
2. beneath the surface of the water
3. growing or remaining under water
113
**submission**
* *n. 投降；提交（物）；服从；（向法官提出的）意见；谦恭
- ------------------------------------------**
1. something (manuscripts or architectural plans and models or estimates or works of art of all genres etc.) submitted for the judgment of others (as in a competition)
2. the act of submitting; usually surrendering power to another
3. the condition of having submitted to control by someone or something else
4. the feeling of patient submissive humbleness
5. a legal document summarizing an agreement between parties in a dispute to abide by the decision of an arbiter
114
**subordinate**
* *n. 下属，下级；部属，属下
adj. 从属的；次要的
vt. 使……居下位；使……服从
- ------------------------------------------**
1. an assistant subject to the authority or control of another
2. a word that is more specific than a given word
3. rank or order as less important or consider of less value
4. make subordinate, dependent, or subservient
5. lower in rank or importance
115
**subservient**
* *adj. 屈从的；奉承的；有用的；有帮助的
- ------------------------------------------**
1. compliant and obedient to authority
2. serving or acting as a means or aid
3. abjectly submissive; characteristic of a slave or servant
116
**subside**
* *vi. 平息；减弱；沉淀；坐下
- ------------------------------------------**
1. wear off or die down
2. sink to a lower level or form a depression
3. sink down or precipitate
4. descend into or as if into some soft substance or place
117
**subsidize**
* *vt. 资助；给与奖助金；向…行贿
- ------------------------------------------**
1. support through subsidies
2. secure the assistance of by granting a subsidy, as of nations or military forces
118
**subsist**
* *vi. 存在；维持生活
vt. 供养
- ------------------------------------------**
1. support oneself
119
**substantiate**
* *vt. 证实；使实体化
- ------------------------------------------**
1. establish or strengthen as with new evidence or facts
2. represent in bodily form
3. make real or concrete; give reality or substance to
4. solidify, firm, or strengthen
120
**substantive**
* *adj. 有实质的；大量的；真实的；独立存在的
n. 名词性实词；独立存在的实体
- ------------------------------------------**
1. a noun or a pronoun that is used in place of a noun
2. having a firm basis in reality and being therefore important, meaningful, or considerable
3. defining rights and duties as opposed to giving the rules by which rights and duties are established
4. being on topic and prompting thought
121
**substitute**
* *n. 代用品；代替者
vi. 替代
vt. 代替
- ------------------------------------------**
1. a person or thing that takes or can take the place of another
2. an athlete who plays only when a starter on the team is replaced
3. someone who takes the place of another (as when things get dangerous or difficult)
4. put in the place of another; switch seemingly equivalent items
5. be a substitute
122
**subterranean**
* *adj. 地下的；秘密的；隐蔽的
n. 地下工作者
- ------------------------------------------**
1. being or operating under the surface of the earth
2. lying beyond what is openly revealed or avowed (especially being kept in the background or deliberately concealed)
123
**subtle**
* *adj. 微妙的；精细的；敏感的；狡猾的；稀薄的
- ------------------------------------------**
1. be difficult to detect or grasp by the mind
2. faint and difficult to analyze
3. able to make fine distinctions
4. working or spreading in a hidden and usually injurious way
124
**subtly**
* *adv. 精细地；巧妙地；敏锐地
- ------------------------------------------**
1. in a subtle manner
125
**subtract**
* *vt. 减去；扣掉
- ------------------------------------------**
1. make a subtraction
126
**subtractive**
* *adj. 减去的；负的；有负号的
- ------------------------------------------**
1. constituting or involving subtraction
127
**subversive**
* *adj. 破坏性的；从事颠覆的
n. 危险分子；颠覆分子
- ------------------------------------------**
1. a radical supporter of political or social revolution
2. in opposition to a civil authority or government
128
**subvert**
* *vt. 颠覆；推翻；破坏
- ------------------------------------------**
1. cause the downfall of; of rulers
2. corrupt morally or by intemperance or sensuality
3. destroy property or hinder normal operations
4. destroy completely
129
**successively**
* *adv. 相继地；接连着地
- ------------------------------------------**
1. in proper order or sequence
130
**succinct**
* *adj. 简洁的；简明的；紧身的
- ------------------------------------------**
1. briefly giving the gist of something
131
**succinctness**
* *n. 简明，简洁
- ------------------------------------------**
1. terseness and economy in writing and speaking achieved by expressing a great deal in just a few words
132
**succor**
* *n. 救援；援助者
vt. 救援；援助
- ------------------------------------------**
1. assistance in time of difficulty
2. help in a difficult situation
133
**succumb**
* *vi. 屈服；死；被压垮
- ------------------------------------------**
1. consent reluctantly
2. be fatally overwhelmed
134
**suffrage**
* *n. 选举权；投票；参政权；代祷；赞成票
- ------------------------------------------**
1. a legal right guaranteed by the 15th amendment to the US constitution; guaranteed to women by the 19th amendment
135
**suffragist**
* *n. 妇女政权论者；参政权扩大论者
- ------------------------------------------**
1. an advocate of the extension of voting rights (especially to women)
136
**sully**
* *vt. 玷污；使丢脸
n. 污点，损伤
n. (Sully)人名；(英)萨利；(法)苏利
- ------------------------------------------**
1. United States painter (born in England) of portraits and historical scenes (1783-1872)
2. French statesman (1560-1641)
3. place under suspicion or cast doubt upon
4. make dirty or spotty, as by exposure to air; also used metaphorically
5. charge falsely or with malicious intent; attack the good name and reputation of someone
137
**sultry**
* *adj. 闷热的；狂暴的；淫荡的
- ------------------------------------------**
1. sexually exciting or gratifying
2. characterized by oppressive heat and humidity
138
**summary**
* *adj. 简易的；扼要的
n. 概要，摘要，总结
- ------------------------------------------**
1. a brief statement that presents the main points in a concise form
2. performed speedily and without formality
3. briefly giving the gist of something
139
**sumptuous**
* *adj. 华丽的，豪华的；奢侈的
- ------------------------------------------**
1. rich and superior in quality
140
**sun-bronzed**
* *被太阳晒成古铜色的
- ------------------------------------------**
141
**sunlit**
* *adj. 阳光照射的；被日光照射了的
- ------------------------------------------**
1. lighted by sunlight
142
**superannuate**
* *vt. 废弃，淘汰；给……养老金使退休；解雇……
vi. 变得过时；因年老而领养老金退休
- ------------------------------------------**
1. retire and pension (someone) because of age or physical inability
2. declare to be obsolete
3. become obsolete
4. retire or become ineligible because of old age or infirmity
143
**superb**
* *adj. 极好的；华丽的；宏伟的
n. (Superb)人名；(罗)苏佩尔布
- ------------------------------------------**
1. of surpassing excellence
2. surpassingly good
144
**supercilious**
* *adj. 目空一切的，高傲的；傲慢的，自大的
- ------------------------------------------**
1. having or showing arrogant superiority to and disdain of those one views as unworthy
2. expressive of contempt
145
**superficial**
* *adj. 表面的；肤浅的 ；表面文章的；外表的；（人）浅薄的
- ------------------------------------------**
1. being or affecting or concerned with a surface; not deep or penetrating emotionally or intellectually
2. relating to a surface
3. of little substance or significance
4. involving a surface only
146
**superficially**
* *adv. 表面地；浅薄地
- ------------------------------------------**
1. in a superficial manner
147
**superfluous**
* *adj. 多余的；不必要的；奢侈的
- ------------------------------------------**
1. serving no useful purpose; having no excuse for being
2. more than is needed, desired, or required
148
**supernova**
* *n. [天] 超新星
- ------------------------------------------**
1. a star that explodes and becomes extremely luminous in the process
149
**supersede**
* *vt. 取代，代替；紧接着……而到来
vi. 推迟行动
- ------------------------------------------**
1. take the place or move into the position of
