List-15 Flashcards
1
Q
perspective
A
- *n. 观点；远景；透视图
adj. 透视的 - ——————————————**
- a way of regarding situations or topics etc.
- the appearance of things relative to one another as determined by their distance from the viewer
2
Q
perspicacious
A
- *adj. 有洞察力的；聪颖的；敏锐的
- ——————————————**
- acutely insightful and wise
- mentally acute or penetratingly discerning
3
Q
perspire
A
- *vi. 流汗；分泌；渗出
vt. 使流汗；分泌出 - ——————————————**
- excrete perspiration through the pores in the skin
4
Q
persuasive
A
- *adj. 有说服力的；劝诱的，劝说的
- ——————————————**
- tending or intended or having the power to induce action or belief
- capable of convincing
5
Q
pertinent
A
- *adj. 相关的，相干的；中肯的；切题的
- ——————————————**
- having precise or logical relevance to the matter at hand
- being of striking appropriateness and pertinence
6
Q
pervade
A
- *vt. 遍及；弥漫
- ——————————————**
- spread or diffuse through
7
Q
pervasive
A
- *adj. 普遍的；到处渗透的；流行的
- ——————————————**
- spreading or spread throughout
8
Q
pesticide
A
- *n. 杀虫剂
- ——————————————**
- a chemical used to kill pests (as rodents or insects)
9
Q
pestilential
A
- *adj. 引起瘟疫的；瘟疫似的；讨厌的
- ——————————————**
- likely to spread and cause an epidemic disease
10
Q
petroleum
A
- *n. 石油
- ——————————————**
- a dark oil consisting mainly of hydrocarbons
11
Q
petulant
A
- *adj. 暴躁的；任性的；难以取悦的
- ——————————————**
- easily irritated or annoyed
12
Q
pharmaceutical
A
- *adj. 制药（学）的
n. 药物 - ——————————————**
- drug or medicine that is prepared or dispensed in pharmacies and used in medical treatment
- of or relating to pharmacy or pharmacists
- of or relating to drugs used in medical treatment
13
Q
phenomenal
A
- *adj. 现象的；显著的；异常的；能知觉的；惊人的，非凡的
- ——————————————**
- of or relating to a phenomenon
- exceedingly or unbelievably great
14
Q
philanthropic
A
- *adj. 博爱的；仁慈的
- ——————————————**
- generous in assistance to the poor
- of or relating to or characterized by philanthropy
15
Q
philistine
A
- *adj. 俗气的；无教养的；腓力斯人的
n. 俗气的人；-仇敌；门外汉 - ——————————————**
- a person who is uninterested in intellectual pursuits
- a member of an Aegean people who settled ancient Philistia around the 12th century BC
- of or relating to ancient Philistia or the culture of the Philistines
- smug and ignorant and indifferent or hostile to artistic and cultural values
16
Q
philosophic
A
- *adj. 哲学的；贤明的
- ——————————————**
- of or relating to philosophy or philosophers
- characteristic of or imbued with the attitude of a philosopher or based on philosophy
- characterized by the attitude of a philosopher; meeting trouble with level-headed detachment
17
Q
phlegmatic
A
- *adj. 冷淡的；迟钝的；冷漠的
- ——————————————**
- showing little emotion
18
Q
phobia
A
- *n. 恐怖，憎恶；恐惧症
- ——————————————**
- an anxiety disorder characterized by extreme and irrational fear of simple things or social situations
19
Q
phonetic
A
- *adj. 语音的，语音学的；音形一致的；发音有细微区别的
- ——————————————**
- of or relating to speech sounds
- of or relating to the scientific study of speech sounds
20
Q
photosensitive
A
- *adj. [电子] 光敏的；感光性的
- ——————————————**
- sensitive to visible light
21
Q
photosynthesis
A
- *n. 光合作用
- ——————————————**
- synthesis of compounds with the aid of radiant energy (especially in plants)
22
Q
physical
A
- *adj. [物] 物理的；身体的；物质的
n. 体格检查 - ——————————————**
- involving the body as distinguished from the mind or spirit
- relating to the sciences dealing with matter and energy; especially physics
- having substance or material existence; perceptible to the senses
- according with material things or natural laws (other than those peculiar to living matter)
- characterized by energetic bodily activity
23
Q
physiological
A
- *adj. 生理学的，生理的
- ——————————————**
- of or relating to the biological study of physiology
- of or consistent with an organism’s normal functioning
24
Q
picturesque
A
- *adj. 独特的；生动的；别致的；图画般的
- ——————————————**
- suggesting or suitable for a picture; pretty as a picture
- strikingly expressive
25
**piercing**
* *adj. 刺穿的；敏锐的；尖刻的；打动人心的
n. 熔化穿孔
v. 刺穿；感动；洞察（pierce的ing形式）
- ------------------------------------------**
1. having or demonstrating ability to recognize or draw fine distinctions
2. having or emitting a high-pitched and sharp tone or tones
3. as physically painful as if caused by a sharp instrument
4. suitable for cutting or piercing
5. loud and sharp
26
**piety**
* *n. 虔诚；孝敬；虔诚的行为或语言
- ------------------------------------------**
1. righteousness by virtue of being pious
27
**pilgrim**
* *n. 朝圣者；漫游者；（美）最初的移民
vi. 去朝圣；漫游
n. (Pilgrim)人名；(英、德)皮尔格林
- ------------------------------------------**
1. someone who journeys in foreign lands
2. one of the colonists from England who sailed to America on the Mayflower and founded the colony of Plymouth in New England in 1620
3. someone who journeys to a sacred place as an act of religious devotion
28
**pine**
* *vi. 渴望，痛苦；憔悴
n. [林] 松树；凤梨，菠萝
vt. 为…悲哀；哀悼
adj. 松木的；似松的
n. (Pine)人名；(英)派因
- ------------------------------------------**
1. a coniferous tree
2. straight-grained durable and often resinous white to yellowish timber of any of numerous trees of the genus Pinus
3. have a desire for something or someone who is not present
29
**pinpoint**
* *vt. 查明；精确地找到；准确描述
adj. 精确的；详尽的
n. 针尖；精确位置；极小之物
- ------------------------------------------**
1. a very brief moment
2. a very small spot
3. the sharp point of a pin
4. locate exactly
5. meticulously precise
30
**pious**
* *adj. 虔诚的；敬神的；可嘉的；尽责的
- ------------------------------------------**
1. having or showing or expressing reverence for a deity
2. devoutly religious
31
**piousness**
* *righteousness by virtue of being pious
- ------------------------------------------**
32
**pitcher**
* *n. 投手；大水罐
n. (Pitcher)人名；(英)皮彻
- ------------------------------------------**
1. (baseball) the person who does the pitching
2. an open vessel with a handle and a spout for pouring
3. the quantity contained in a pitcher
4. the position on a baseball team of the player who throws the ball for a batter to try to hit
33
**pitfall**
* *n. 陷阱，圈套；缺陷；诱惑
- ------------------------------------------**
1. an unforeseen or unexpected or surprising difficulty
2. a trap in the form of a concealed hole
34
**pithy**
* *adj. 有髓的，多髓的；精练的；简洁有力的
- ------------------------------------------**
1. concise and full of meaning
35
**pitiful**
* *adj. 可怜的，令人同情的
- ------------------------------------------**
1. inspiring mixed contempt and pity
2. bad; unfortunate
3. deserving or inciting pity
36
**pivotal**
* *adj. 关键的；中枢的；枢轴的
n. 关键事物；中心事物
- ------------------------------------------**
1. being of crucial importance
37
**placate**
* *vt. 抚慰；怀柔；使和解
- ------------------------------------------**
1. cause to be more favorably inclined; gain the good will of
38
**placebo**
* *n. 安慰剂；为死者所诵的晚祷词
- ------------------------------------------**
1. an innocuous or inert medication; given as a pacifier or to the control group in experiments on the efficacy of a drug
2. (Roman Catholic Church) vespers of the office for the dead
39
**placid**
* *adj. 平静的；温和的；沉着的
- ------------------------------------------**
1. (of a body of water) free from disturbance by heavy waves
2. not easily irritated
3. living without undue worry; taking life easy
40
**plainspoken**
* *adj. 老实说的；直言不讳的；说话直率的
- ------------------------------------------**
1. using simple and direct language
2. characterized by directness in manner or speech; without subtlety or evasion
41
**plaintive**
* *adj. 哀伤的；悲哀的
- ------------------------------------------**
1. expressing sorrow
42
**plastic**
* *adj. 塑料的；（外科）造型的；可塑的
n. 塑料制品；整形；可塑体
- ------------------------------------------**
1. generic name for certain synthetic or semisynthetic materials that can be molded or extruded into objects or films or filaments or used for making e.g. coatings and adhesives
2. capable of being molded or modeled (especially of earth or clay or other soft material)
3. capable of being influenced or formed
4. forming or capable of forming or molding or fashioning
43
**platitude**
* *n. 陈词滥调；平凡；陈腐
- ------------------------------------------**
1. a trite or obvious remark
44
**platitudinous**
* *adj. 平凡的，陈腐的；陈词滥调的
- ------------------------------------------**
1. dull and tiresome but with pretensions of significance or originality
45
**plausible**
* *adj. 貌似可信的，花言巧语的；貌似真实的，貌似有理的
- ------------------------------------------**
1. apparently reasonable and valid, and truthful
2. given to or characterized by presenting specious arguments
46
**plethora**
* *n. 过多；过剩；[医] 多血症
- ------------------------------------------**
1. extreme excess
47
**pliable**
* *adj. 柔韧的；柔软的；圆滑的；易曲折的
- ------------------------------------------**
1. susceptible to being led or directed
2. capable of being shaped or bent or drawn out
3. able to adjust readily to different conditions
4. capable of being bent or flexed or twisted without breaking
48
**pliant**
* *adj. 顺从的；易弯的；易受影响的；能适应的
n. 顺从
- ------------------------------------------**
1. capable of being influenced or formed
2. capable of being shaped or bent or drawn out
3. able to adjust readily to different conditions
4. capable of being bent or flexed or twisted without breaking
49
**plot**
* *n. 情节；图；阴谋
vt. 密谋；绘图；划分；标绘
vi. 密谋；策划；绘制
n. (Plot)人名；(捷)普洛特；(法)普洛
- ------------------------------------------**
1. a secret scheme to do something (especially something underhand or illegal)
2. a small area of ground covered by specific vegetation
3. the story that is told in a novel or play or movie etc.
4. a chart or map showing the movements or progress of an object
5. plan secretly, usually something illegal
50
**plumb**
* *vt. 使垂直；探测，探索
n. 垂直；铅锤
adv. 恰恰，正；垂直地
vi. 当管子工
adj. 垂直的
- ------------------------------------------**
1. the metal bob of a plumb line
2. measure the depth of something
3. weight with lead
4. examine thoroughly and in great depth
5. adjust with a plumb line so as to make vertical
51
**plump**
* *vt. 使丰满；使鼓起；突然放下
adv. 沉重地；突然地
vi. 变丰满；鼓起
adj. 圆胖的，丰满的；鼓起的
n. 扑通声
- ------------------------------------------**
1. the sound of a sudden heavy fall
2. drop sharply
3. set (something or oneself) down with or as if with a noise
4. make fat or plump
5. give support (to) or make a choice (of) one out of a group or number
52
**plunge**
* *n. 投入；跳进
vi. 突然地下降；投入；陷入；跳进
vt. 使陷入；使投入；使插入
- ------------------------------------------**
1. a brief swim in water
2. a steep and rapid fall
3. thrust or throw into
4. drop steeply
5. dash violently or with great speed or impetuosity
53
**poignant**
* *adj. 尖锐的；辛酸的；深刻的；切中要害的
n. (Poignant)人名；(法)普瓦尼昂
- ------------------------------------------**
1. arousing affect
2. keenly distressing to the mind or feelings
54
**poise**
* *n. 平衡；姿势；镇静
vt. 使平衡；保持...姿势
vi. 平衡；准备好；悬着
n. (Poise)人名；(法)普瓦斯
- ------------------------------------------**
1. a cgs unit of dynamic viscosity equal to one dyne-second per square centimeter; the viscosity of a fluid in which a force of one dyne per square centimeter maintains a velocity of 1 centimeter per second
2. a state of being balanced in a stable equilibrium
3. great coolness and composure under strain
4. be motionless, in suspension
5. prepare (oneself) for something unpleasant or difficult
55
**polar**
* *adj. 极地的；两极的；正好相反的
n. 极面；极线
n. (Polar)人名；(德、西)波拉尔
- ------------------------------------------**
1. having a pair of equal and opposite charges
2. characterized by opposite extremes; completely opposed
3. located at or near or coming from the earth's poles
4. of or existing at or near a geographical pole or within the Arctic or Antarctic Circles
5. extremely cold
56
**polarize**
* *vt. （使）极化；（使）偏振；（使）两极分化
vi. 极化；偏振；两极分化
- ------------------------------------------**
1. cause to vibrate in a definite pattern
2. cause to concentrate about two conflicting or contrasting positions
3. become polarized in a conflict or contrasting situation
57
**polish**
* *n. 磨光，擦亮；擦亮剂；优雅，精良
vi. 擦亮，变光滑
vt. 磨光，使发亮；使完美; 改进
v. 磨光；修改；润色
adj. 波兰的
- ------------------------------------------**
1. the property of being smooth and shiny
2. a highly developed state of perfection; having a flawless or impeccable quality
3. a preparation used in polishing
4. the Slavic language of Poland
5. make (a surface) shine
58
**polite**
* *adj. 有礼貌的，客气的；文雅的；上流的；优雅的
- ------------------------------------------**
1. showing regard for others in manners, speech, behavior, etc.
2. marked by refinement in taste and manners
3. not rude; marked by satisfactory (or especially minimal) adherence to social usages and sufficient but not noteworthy consideration for others
59
**politically**
* *adv. 政治上
- ------------------------------------------**
1. with regard to social relationships involving authority
2. with regard to government
60
**pollen**
* *vt. 传授花粉给
n. [植] 花粉
n. (Pollen)人名；(英)波伦
- ------------------------------------------**
1. the fine spores that contain male gametes and that are borne by an anther in a flowering plant
61
**pollinate**
* *vt. 对...授粉
- ------------------------------------------**
1. fertilize by transfering pollen
62
**pomposity**
* *n. 自大；炫耀；浮夸
- ------------------------------------------**
1. lack of elegance as a consequence of being pompous and puffed up with vanity
63
**pompous**
* *adj. 自大的；浮夸的；华而不实的；爱炫耀的
- ------------------------------------------**
1. puffed up with vanity
2. characterized by pomp and ceremony and stately display
64
**ponderous**
**adj. 笨重的；沉闷的；呆板的
比较级more ponderous 最高级most ponderous
-------------------------------------------**
1. slow and laborious because of weight
2. having great mass and weight and unwieldiness
3. labored and dull
65
**pop**
* *n. 流行音乐；汽水；砰然声；枪击
vi. 突然出现；爆开；射击；瞪大；发出爆裂声
vt. 取出；开枪打；抛出；突然伸出；突然行动
adj. 流行的；通俗的；热门的
adv. 突然；砰地
- ------------------------------------------**
1. an informal term for a father; probably derived from baby talk
2. a sweet drink containing carbonated water and flavoring
3. a sharp explosive sound as from a gunshot or drawing a cork
4. music of general appeal to teenagers; a bland watered-down version of rock'n'roll with more rhythm and harmony and an emphasis on romantic love
5. bulge outward
66
**populous**
* *adj. 人口稠密的；人口多的
- ------------------------------------------**
1. densely populated
67
**porous**
* *adj. 多孔渗水的；能渗透的；有气孔的
- ------------------------------------------**
1. able to absorb fluids
2. full of pores or vessels or holes
3. allowing passage in and out
68
**portend**
* *vt. 预示；预兆；意味着
- ------------------------------------------**
1. indicate by signs
69
**portray**
* *vt. 描绘；扮演
- ------------------------------------------**
1. portray in words
2. make a portrait of
3. assume or act the character of
4. represent in a painting, drawing, sculpture, or verbally
70
**positive**
* *adj. 积极的；[数] 正的，[医][化学] 阳性的；确定的，肯定的；实际的，真实的；绝对的
n. 正数；[摄] 正片
- ------------------------------------------**
1. a film showing a photographic image whose tones correspond to those of the original subject
2. characterized by or displaying affirmation or acceptance or certainty etc.
3. having a positive electric charge
4. involving advantage or good
5. indicating existence or presence of a suspected condition or pathogen
71
**possess**
* *vt. 控制；使掌握；持有；迷住；拥有，具备
- ------------------------------------------**
1. have as an attribute, knowledge, or skill
2. have ownership or possession of
3. enter into and control, as of emotions or ideas
72
**possessed**
* *adj. 疯狂的；着魔的
- ------------------------------------------**
1. influenced or controlled by a powerful force such as a strong emotion
2. in a murderous frenzy as if possessed by a demon
73
**postdate**
* *vt. 填迟……的日期；把……的日期填迟；继……之后
n. 事后日期；推迟日期
- ------------------------------------------**
1. be later in time
2. establish something as being later relative to something else
74
**posthumous**
* *adj. 死后的；遗腹的；作者死后出版的
- ------------------------------------------**
1. occurring or coming into existence after a person's death
75
**posthumously**
* *adv. 于死后，于身后；于著作者死后出版地
- ------------------------------------------**
1. after death
76
**postoperative**
* *adj. 手术后的
n. 手术后病人
- ------------------------------------------**
1. happening or done after a surgical operation
77
**postulate**
* *vt. 假定；要求；视…为理所当然
n. 基本条件；假定
- ------------------------------------------**
1. (logic) a proposition that is accepted as true in order to provide a basis for logical reasoning
2. maintain or assert
3. take as a given; assume as a postulate or axiom
4. require as useful, just, or proper
78
**postwar**
* *adj. 战后的
n. 战后时期
adv. 战后；在战后
- ------------------------------------------**
1. belonging to the period after a war
79
**potable**
* *n. 饮料（常复数）
adj. 适于饮用的
- ------------------------------------------**
1. any liquid suitable for drinking
2. suitable for drinking
80
**potent**
* *adj. 有效的；强有力的，有权势的；有说服力的
- ------------------------------------------**
1. having great influence
2. having or wielding force or authority
3. having a strong physiological or chemical effect
4. (of a male) capable of copulation
81
**potential**
* *n. 潜能；可能性；[电] 电势
adj. 潜在的；可能的；势的
- ------------------------------------------**
1. the inherent capacity for coming into being
2. the difference in electrical charge between two points in a circuit expressed in volts
3. existing in possibility
4. expected to become or be; in prospect
82
**potshot**
* *n. 乱射；肆意抨击
v. 肆意抨击；射击（potshoot的过去分词）
- ------------------------------------------**
1. a shot taken at an easy or casual target (as by a pothunter)
2. criticism aimed at an easy target and made without careful consideration
83
**potted**
* *adj. 盆栽的；罐装的；密封的；喝醉的
v. 把…装罐；装在盆中（pot的过去式和过去分词）
- ------------------------------------------**
1. of plants; planted or grown in a pot
2. preserved in a pot or can or jar
3. (British informal) summarized or abridged
84
**pottery**
* *n. 陶器；陶器厂；陶器制造术
- ------------------------------------------**
1. ceramic ware made from clay and baked in a kiln
2. the craft of making earthenware
3. a workshop where clayware is made
85
**pounce**
* *vi. 突袭，猛扑
vt. 扑过去抓住
n. 猛扑，爪
- ------------------------------------------**
1. the act of pouncing
2. move down on as if in an attack
86
**pragmatic**
* *adj. 实际的；实用主义的；国事的
- ------------------------------------------**
1. an imperial decree that becomes part of the fundamental law of the land
2. concerned with practical matters
3. of or concerning the theory of pragmatism
4. guided by practical experience and observation rather than theory
87
**precarious**
* *adj. 危险的；不确定的
- ------------------------------------------**
1. affording no ease or reassurance
2. fraught with danger
3. dangerously insecure
4. not secure; beset with difficulties
88
**precede**
* *vt. 领先，在…之前；优于，高于
vi. 领先，在前面
- ------------------------------------------**
1. be earlier in time; go back further
2. come before
3. be the predecessor of
4. move ahead (of others) in time or space
5. furnish with a preface or introduction
89
**precedent**
* *n. 先例；前例
adj. 在前的；在先的
- ------------------------------------------**
1. an example that is used to justify similar occurrences at a later time
2. (civil law) a law established by following earlier judicial decisions
3. a system of jurisprudence based on judicial precedents rather than statutory laws
4. a subject mentioned earlier (preceding in time)
5. preceding in time, order, or significance
90
**precipitate**
* *n. [化学] 沉淀物
vt. 使沉淀；促成；猛抛；使陷入
vi. [化学] 沉淀；猛地落下；冷凝成为雨或雪等
adj. 突如其来的；猛地落下的；急促的
- ------------------------------------------**
1. a precipitated solid substance in suspension or after settling or filtering
2. separate as a fine suspension of solid particles
3. bring about abruptly
4. fall from clouds
5. fall vertically, sharply, or headlong
91
**precipitous**
* *adj. 险峻的；急躁的，鲁莽的
- ------------------------------------------**
1. done with very great haste and without due deliberation
2. characterized by precipices
3. extremely steep
92
**precise**
* *adj. 精确的；明确的；严格的
- ------------------------------------------**
1. sharply exact or accurate or delimited
2. (of ideas, images, representations, expressions) characterized by perfect conformity to fact or truth ; strictly correct
93
**preclude**
* *vt. 排除；妨碍；阻止
- ------------------------------------------**
1. keep from happening or arising; make impossible
2. make impossible, especially beforehand
94
**preconception**
* *n. 偏见；先入之见；预想
- ------------------------------------------**
1. an opinion formed beforehand without adequate evidence
2. a partiality that prevents objective consideration of an issue or situation
95
**precursor**
* *n. 先驱，前导
- ------------------------------------------**
1. a substance from which another substance is formed (especially by a metabolic reaction)
2. a person who goes before or announces the coming of another
3. an indication of the approach of something or someone
96
**predator**
* *n. [动] 捕食者；[动] 食肉动物；掠夺者
- ------------------------------------------**
1. someone who attacks in search of booty
2. any animal that lives by preying on other animals
97
**predatory**
* *adj. 掠夺的，掠夺成性的；食肉的；捕食生物的
- ------------------------------------------**
1. characterized by plundering or pillaging or marauding
2. living by preying on other animals especially by catching living prey
3. living by or given to victimizing others for personal gain
98
**predecessor**
* *n. 前任，前辈
- ------------------------------------------**
1. one who precedes you in time (as in holding a position or office)
99
**predestine**
* *vt. 注定
- ------------------------------------------**
1. decree or determine beforehand
2. foreordain by divine will or decree
3. foreordain or determine beforehand
100
**predetermine**
* *vt. 预先确定；预先决定；预先查明
- ------------------------------------------**
1. determine beforehand
2. cause to be biased
101
**predictable**
* *adj. 可预言的
- ------------------------------------------**
1. capable of being foretold
102
**predispose**
* *vt. 预先处置；使…偏向于
- ------------------------------------------**
1. make susceptible
103
**predominant**
* *adj. 主要的；卓越的；支配的；有力的；有影响的
- ------------------------------------------**
1. most frequent or common
2. having superior power and influence
104
**predominate**
* *vt. 支配，主宰；在…中占优势
vi. 占主导（或支配）地位；占优势
- ------------------------------------------**
1. be larger in number, quantity, power, status or importance
2. appear very large or occupy a commanding position
3. having superior power and influence
105
**preeminent**
* *adj. 卓越的；超群的
- ------------------------------------------**
1. greatest in importance or degree or significance or achievement
106
**preempt**
* *vt. 先占；先取；以先买权获得
- ------------------------------------------**
1. a high bid that is intended to prevent the opposing players from bidding
2. acquire for oneself before others can do so
3. take the place of or have precedence over
4. gain possession of by prior right or opportunity, especially so as to obtain the right to buy (land)
5. make a preemptive bid in the game of bridge
107
**prefabricated**
* *adj. 预制构件的
v. 预先建造组合（prefabricate的过去分词）
- ------------------------------------------**
1. manufactured in standard sizes to be shipped and assembled elsewhere
108
**preferably**
* *adv. 较好；宁可，宁愿；更适宜
- ------------------------------------------**
1. more readily or willingly
109
**pregnant**
* *adj. 怀孕的；富有意义的
- ------------------------------------------**
1. carrying developing offspring within the body or being about to produce new life
2. rich in significance or implication
3. filled with or attended with
110
**prehistoric**
* *adj. 史前的；陈旧的
- ------------------------------------------**
1. belonging to or existing in times before recorded history
2. of or relating to times before written history
3. no longer fashionable
111
**prejudice**
* *n. 偏见；侵害
vt. 损害；使有偏见
- ------------------------------------------**
1. a partiality that prevents objective consideration of an issue or situation
2. disadvantage by prejudice
3. influence (somebody's) opinion in advance
112
**preliminary**
* *n. 准备；预赛；初步措施
adj. 初步的；开始的；预备的
- ------------------------------------------**
1. a minor match preceding the main event
2. something that serves as a preceding event or introduces what follows
3. designed to orient or acquaint with a situation before proceeding
113
**premature**
* *adj. 早产的；不成熟的；比预期早的
n. 早产儿；过早发生的事物
- ------------------------------------------**
1. born after a gestation period of less than the normal time
2. too soon or too hasty
3. uncommonly early or before the expected time
114
**premeditate**
* *vi. 预谋；预先考虑
vt. 预谋；预先考虑
- ------------------------------------------**
1. consider, ponder, or plan (an action) beforehand
2. think or reflect beforehand or in advance
115
**premise**
* *vt. 引出，预先提出；作为…的前提
n. 前提；上述各项；房屋连地基
vi. 作出前提
- ------------------------------------------**
1. a statement that is assumed to be true and from which a conclusion can be drawn
2. set forth beforehand, often as an explanation
3. furnish with a preface or introduction
4. take something as preexisting and given
116
**premonition**
* *n. 预告；征兆
- ------------------------------------------**
1. a feeling of evil to come
2. an early warning about a future event
117
**preoccupation**
* *n. 全神贯注，入神；当务之急；关注的事物；抢先占据；成见
- ------------------------------------------**
1. an idea that preoccupies the mind and holds the attention
2. the mental state of being preoccupied by something
3. the act of taking occupancy before someone else does
118
**prerequisite**
* *n. 先决条件
adj. 首要必备的
- ------------------------------------------**
1. something that is required in advance
2. required as a prior condition or course of study
119
**prerogative**
* *n. 特权
adj. 有特权的
- ------------------------------------------**
1. a right reserved exclusively by a particular person or group (especially a hereditary or official right)
120
**prescient**
* *adj. 预知的；有先见之明的
- ------------------------------------------**
1. perceiving the significance of events before they occur
121
**prescribe**
* *vi. 规定；开药方
vt. 规定；开处方
- ------------------------------------------**
1. issue commands or orders for
122
**preservative**
* *n. 防腐剂；预防法；防护层
adj. 防腐的；有保存力的；有保护性的
- ------------------------------------------**
1. a chemical compound that is added to protect against decay or decomposition
2. tending or having the power to preserve
123
**preserve**
* *vt. 保存；保护；维持；腌；禁猎
n. 保护区；禁猎地；加工成的食品
- ------------------------------------------**
1. a domain that seems to be specially reserved for someone
2. a reservation where animals are protected
3. fruit preserved by cooking with sugar
4. keep or maintain in unaltered condition; cause to remain or last
5. keep in safety and protect from harm, decay, loss, or destruction
124
**press**
* *vt. 压；按；逼迫；紧抱
vi. 压；逼；重压
n. 压；按；新闻；出版社；[印刷] 印刷机
n. (Press)人名；(英、德、俄、西、瑞典)普雷斯
- ------------------------------------------**
1. newspaper writers and photographers
2. the state of demanding notice or attention
3. the gathering and publishing of news in the form of newspapers or magazines
4. a machine used for printing
5. a dense crowd of people
125
**prestigious**
* *adj. 有名望的；享有声望的
- ------------------------------------------**
1. having an illustrious reputation; respected
2. exerting influence by reason of high status or prestige
126
**presume**
* *vt. 假定；推测；擅自；意味着
vi. 相信；擅自行为
- ------------------------------------------**
1. take to be the case or to be true; accept without verification or proof
2. take upon oneself; act presumptuously, without permission
3. constitute reasonable evidence for
4. take liberties or act with too much confidence
127
**presumptuous**
* *adj. 专横的；放肆的；冒昧的
- ------------------------------------------**
1. excessively forward
128
**presuppose**
* *vt. 假定；预料；以…为先决条件
- ------------------------------------------**
1. take for granted or as a given; suppose beforehand
2. require as a necessary antecedent or precondition
129
**pretense**
* *n. 借口；虚假；炫耀；自吹（等于pretence）
- ------------------------------------------**
1. the act of giving a false appearance
2. pretending with intention to deceive
3. imaginative intellectual play
4. a false or unsupportable quality
5. an artful or simulated semblance
130
**pretentious**
* *adj. 自命不凡的；炫耀的；做作的
- ------------------------------------------**
1. making claim to or creating an appearance of (often undeserved) importance or distinction
2. intended to attract notice and impress others
3. of a display that is tawdry or vulgar
131
**preternatural**
* *adj. 超自然的；异常的，不可思议的
- ------------------------------------------**
1. surpassing the ordinary or normal
2. existing outside of or not in accordance with nature
132
**preternatural**
* *adj. 超自然的；异常的，不可思议的
- ------------------------------------------**
1. surpassing the ordinary or normal
2. existing outside of or not in accordance with nature
133
**prevail**
* *vi. 盛行，流行；战胜，获胜
- ------------------------------------------**
1. be larger in number, quantity, power, status or importance
2. be valid, applicable, or true
3. continue to exist
4. prove superior
5. use persuasion successfully
134
**prevalent**
* *adj. 流行的；普遍的，广传的
- ------------------------------------------**
1. encountered generally especially at the present time
135
**previous**
* *adj. 以前的；早先的；过早的
adv. 在先；在…以前
- ------------------------------------------**
1. (used especially of persons) of the immediate past
2. too soon or too hasty
3. just preceding something else in time or order
136
**prig**
* *n. 一本正经的人；小偷
- ------------------------------------------**
1. a person regarded as arrogant and annoying
137
**primal**
* *adj. 原始的；主要的；最初的
n. 被压抑童年情绪的释放
vt. 释放（被压抑的童年情绪）
- ------------------------------------------**
1. serving as an essential component
2. having existed from the beginning; in an earliest or original stage or state
138
**primitive**
* *adj. 原始的，远古的；简单的，粗糙的
n. 原始人
- ------------------------------------------**
1. a person who belongs to an early stage of civilization
2. a mathematical expression from which another expression is derived
3. a word serving as the basis for inflected or derived forms
4. belonging to an early stage of technical development; characterized by simplicity and (often) crudeness
5. little evolved from or characteristic of an earlier ancestral type
139
**primordial**
* *adj. 原始的；根本的；原生的
- ------------------------------------------**
1. having existed from the beginning; in an earliest or original stage or state
140
**prior**
* *adj. 优先的；在先的，在前的
adv. 在前，居先
n. (Prior)人名；(法、西、葡、捷)普里奥尔；(英)普赖尔；(意)普廖尔
- ------------------------------------------**
1. the head of a religious order; in an abbey the prior is next below the abbot
2. earlier in time
141
**pristine**
* *adj. 原始的，古时的；纯朴的
- ------------------------------------------**
1. completely free from dirt or contamination
2. immaculately clean and unused
142
**privacy**
* *n. 隐私；秘密；隐居；隐居处
- ------------------------------------------**
1. the quality of being secluded from the presence or view of others
2. the condition of being concealed or hidden
143
**probity**
* *n. 廉洁；正直
- ------------------------------------------**
1. complete and confirmed integrity; having strong moral principles
144
**problematic**
* *adj. 问题的；有疑问的；不确定的
- ------------------------------------------**
1. open to doubt or debate
2. making great mental demands; hard to comprehend or solve or believe
145
**procedure**
* *n. 程序，手续；步骤
- ------------------------------------------**
1. a particular course of action intended to achieve a result
2. a process or series of acts especially of a practical or mechanical nature involved in a particular form of work
3. a set sequence of steps, part of larger computer program
4. a mode of conducting legal and parliamentary proceedings
146
**proclamation**
* *n. 公告；宣布；宣告；公布
- ------------------------------------------**
1. a formal public statement
2. the formal act of proclaiming; giving public notice
147
**proclivity**
* *n. 倾向；癖性
- ------------------------------------------**
1. a natural inclination
148
**procurement**
* *n. 采购；获得，取得
- ------------------------------------------**
1. the act of getting possession of something
149
**prod**
* *n. 刺针；刺棒；签子
vt. 刺，戳；刺激
vi. 刺；捅
- ------------------------------------------**
1. a verbalization that encourages you to attempt something
2. a pointed instrument that is used to prod into a state of motion
3. to push against gently
4. urge on; cause to act
5. poke or thrust abruptly
