Lipids - molecules/enzymes Flashcards
Phosphatidic acid (1,2-diacyl-
glycerol-3-phosphate): Phospholipids
Modulates biosynthesis of
phospholipids
Acetyl-CoA carboxylase: Fatty Acid Synthesis Stage 1
Catalyzes acetyl-CoA to malonyl Co-A
ACC is covalently attached to a biotin (Vitamin B7)
Fatty Acid Synthase: Fatty Acid Synthesis Stage 2
Elongation of fatty acid chain
Acetyl transacylase: Fatty Acid Synthesis Stage 2
Transfers an acetyl group to the
Cys domain
Malonyl transacylase: Fatty Acid Synthesis Stage 2
Transfers a malonyl group to the
ACP/Pan domain
Ketoacyl synthase (condensing
enzyme): Fatty Acid Synthesis Stage 2
Transfers the acetyl to the
malonyl group
Ketoacyl reductase: Fatty Acid Synthesis Stage 2
Uses the NADPH (reducing agent) forming D-3-
hydroxybutyryl
3-hydroxyacyl ACP dehydratase
(hydratase): Fatty Acid Synthesis Stage 2
Removes H2O molecule to form
crotonyl
Enoyl reductase: Fatty Acid Synthesis Stage 2
Uses the NADPH to generate a
butyryl group
Fatty acid elongase: Fatty Acid Synthesis beyond 16 carbons
Similar to fatty acid synthase but uses CoA instead of ACP; goal is to produce ELOVL (elongation of very long chain
fatty acids), 22-24 carbons
Fatty acyl CoA desaturase: Fatty Acid Synthesis
Enables the addition of double bonds in long chain fatty acids; humans have carbon 9,6,5, and 4 desaturases but lack the ability to introduce double bonds from carbon 10 to the omega end of
the chain
Glycerol-3P-dehydrogenase: Fatty Acid Synthesis De Novo
Forms G3P from dihydroxyacetone phosphate
Lipoprotein Lipase: Triacylglycerol synthesis, transport, and storage
Act on chylomicrons and LDL; synthesized and secreted by adipose tissue; skeletal muscle has LPL but insulin inhibits its activity; hydrolyzes triacylglycerol to glycerol and
fatty acid
