12 - Carbs 3

Question 1

What are the lesser known pathways of sugar and alcohol?

Answer 1

Question 2

What is the difference between glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) and glycoproteins?

Answer 2

Question 3

How are glycoproteins formed?

Answer 3

Question 4

Answer 4

D

Question 5

What are glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) and how are they formed?

Answer 5

Question 6

How are GAGs degraded in the body?

Answer 6

Question 7

What are the diseases associated with inability to degrade GAGs called? What are the most common ones?

Answer 7

Lysosomal storage disorders

Question 8

Answer 8

B and D

Question 9

What targets the lysosomal hydrolases to the lysosome? Where does this occur?

Answer 9

Question 10

What disease is associated with lysosomal hydrolase targeting?

Answer 10

Question 11

Answer 11

C

Question 12

What is the role of sugars and GAGs in liver disease?

Answer 12

Bilirubin and Jaundice

Question 13

What are the methods of solubilizing bilirubin for clearance?

Answer 13

Question 14

What is neonatal jaundice?

Answer 14

Question 15

How is Fructose metabolized?

Answer 15

Question 16

What are the diseases associated with fructose metabolism?

Answer 16

Question 17

What is the mechanism of Hereditary Fructose Intolerance?

Answer 17

Question 18

What is the effect of sugar metabolism in disease on the eyes?

Answer 18

Question 19

Answer 19

C

Question 20

How is galactose metabolized?

Answer 20

Question 21

What are the diseases associated with Galactose metabolism?

Answer 21

Question 22

What is the pentose phosphate pathway (overview)?

Answer 22

Question 23

What is the mechanism of the Pentose Phosphate Pathway?

Answer 23

Question 24

How is the Pentose Phosphate Pathway regulated?

Answer 24

Question 25

Why is the oxidative phase of the Pentose Phosphate Pathway important?

Answer 25

Question 26

What diseases or finds are associated with the oxidative phase of the Pentose Phosphate Pathway?

Answer 26

Question 27

Answer 27

D

Question 28

How is Ethanol metabolized (overview)?

Answer 28

Question 29

What is the mechanism of ethanol metabolism and what diseases are associated with it?

Answer 29

Question 30

What is the Microsomal Ethanol Oxidizing System (MEOS) and when is it active in the body?

Answer 30

Question 31

Describe Ethanol metabolism.

Answer 31

Question 32

What are the adverse effects of ethanol ingestion?

Question 33

Answer 33

C

Question 34

Answer 34

A

Question 35

How does ethanol consumption affect metabolic pathways?

Answer 35

Question 36

How does insulin affect metabolic pathways?

Answer 36

Question 37

How does glucagon affect metabolic pathways?

Answer 37

Question 38

How does epinephrine affect metabolic pathways?

Answer 38

Question 39

How do glucocorticoids affect metabolic pathways?

Answer 39