21 - Population Genetics

Question 1

Explain

Answer 1

Review

Question 2

Overview of population genetics.

Answer 2

Question 3

Overview of genetic variation.

Question 4

Explain Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms.

Answer 4

Question 5

How does race factor into genetics and clinical treatment?

Answer 5

-Human genome sequenced
-diseases are now associated with single nucleotide polymorphisms
-it is known that of the 0.1% of genetic variation between any 2 people, 96% occurs within continental groups (asian vs white vs african)
-these communities are not represented in genome sequencing, 81% of genome sequenced is white based today
-so, when we have migration and bottlenecks, we get reduced genetic variation in the groups that split off
-from natural selection, we get selective pressures from immune response (HLA) and toxin metabolism (CYP2C19)
-> this affects pharmacological response to popular clinically prescribed drugs such as clopidogrel (metabolized by CYP2C19 which some people have loss of function or gain of function mutations in)
-thus alternative treatment is recommended, other dangers in image:

Question 6

Hardy-Weinberg assumptions and equation

Answer 6

Question 7

Question 8

Answer 8

Question 9

Answer 9

Question 10

Answer 10

Question 11

Answer 11