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Yr1-S1- Science for Medicine > Lipids > Flashcards

Lipids Flashcards

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1
Q

Steatorrhea is lipid malabsorption due to defects in

A

bile secretion

pancreatic function

cell uptake

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2
Q

Cholesterol esters are digested into

A

cholesterol

free Fatty acids

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3
Q

products of lipid absorption form …………….. with bile salts

A

mixed micelles

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4
Q

Dietary lipids are INSOLUBLE and are therefore packed into

A

chylomicrons

for export

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5
Q

Chylomicrons are released by exocytosis into

A

lymph then into the blood

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6
Q

What happens when blood chylomicrons reach tissue?

A

TAG in chylomicrons is hydrolysed to FA and glycerol (by lipoprotein lipase)

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7
Q

Chylomicrons depleted of TAG are called

A

chylomicrons remnants

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8
Q

lipoprotein lipase is found in the

A

capillaries of skeletal muscle and adipose tissue

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9
Q

resulting FA (from chylomicron breakdown)) is used for

A

energy

re-esterified to TAG for STORAGE

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10
Q

Omega 3 FA are derived from

A

linoleic acid

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11
Q

Omega 3 lowers ………….. and prevents …………..

A

cholesterol

atherosclerosis

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12
Q

Phospholipids consist of

A

2 FA

phosphate group

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13
Q

TAG is digested in the………. by………….

A

small intestine

pancreatic ligase

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14
Q

Unsaturated

A

one or more double bond`

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15
Q

saturated

A

no double bonds

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16
Q

Good fats

A

polyunsaturated FA (veg oil)

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17
Q

Bad fats

A

saturated FA (beef)

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18
Q

essential FA

A

linoleic and linoleic acid

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19
Q

lipids give us what vitamins?

A

A D E K

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20
Q

In adipose cells TAG are stored as

A

droplets

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21
Q

TAG is the most efficient

A

storage form of fuel

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22
Q

How are FA release from stored TAG in adipose tissue?

A

by hormone sensitive lipase

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23
Q

High plasma glucose and insulin promote

A

Dephosphorylation of lipase

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24
Q

HSL activated in response to

A

epinephrine

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25
Q

Lipoproteins

A

esterified FA

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26
Q

Free FA transported through the blood in complex with

A

serum albumin

27
Q

Chylomicrons are TAG

A

rich

28
Q

VLDL are TAG

A

rich

29
Q

LDL is cholesterol

A

rich

BAD Cholesterol

30
Q

HDL is cholesterol and protein

A

rich

GOOD cholesterol

31
Q

free esterified FA leaves the adipocyte and binds to albumin

transported to tissue where it is

A

activated by CoA derivative then OXIDISED

32
Q

beta oxidation pathway degrades FAs

A

two carbons at a time

33
Q

beta oxidation of FA produces

A

Acetyl CoA

NADH + FADH2 (sources of energy)

34
Q

Beta oxidation of FA occurs in the

A

mitochondrial matrix

35
Q

3 stages of beta oxidation

A

activation

transport

degradation

36
Q

Transport of FA into the

A

mitochondria

37
Q

FA is activated to form ……… in the ………….

A

fatty acyl CoA

cytoplasm

38
Q

CAT-1 (carnitine fatty acyl-transferase) is inhibited by

A

malonyl CoA

39
Q

Carnitine from our

A

diet

lysine + methionine (liver/kidney)

40
Q

Carnitine shuttle transports …….. from outside to the inside of the……..

A

long-chain fatty acyl CoA

mitochondria

41
Q

CAT-1 deficiency

A

hypoglycaemia

improves with IV glucose
t

42
Q

therapy for CAT-1 deficiency is to give

A

medium chain FA that do not require CAT for mitochondrial transport

43
Q

Degradation 4 step

A

dehydrogenation (FADH2)

hydration

dehydrogenation (NADH)

thiolysis (acetyl CoA)

44
Q

Thiolysis produces Acetyl CoA to feed into the

A

TCA cycle

45
Q

7 beta oxidations would produce …….. acetyl CoA

A

8

46
Q

1 glucose molecules creates

A

32 ATP

47
Q

beta oxidation is less efficient in the

A

peroxisome

48
Q

Animal cannot convert FA to

A

glucose

49
Q

excess acetyl CoA from fat metabolism can be converted into

A

ketone bodies

50
Q

which muscles use ketone bodies as fuel?

A

cardiac and skeletal

51
Q

uncontrolled diabetes gives

A

ketone bodies

52
Q

Where do we get FA?

A

Acetyl CoA

diet

53
Q

Carnitine shuttle only occurs when….

A

citrate concentration in the mitochondria is too high

54
Q

FA synthesis requires

A

Acetyl CoA and NADPH

55
Q

Acetyl CoA carboxylase (ACC) is needed for formation of

A

malonyl CoA

56
Q

ACC is activated by……….. and deactivated by …………

A

citrate

palmitoyl CoA

57
Q

How many NADPH needed for plamitate synthesis?

A

14

58
Q

Acetyl CoA —> FA —-> TAG —->

A

VLDL —> adipose tissue

59
Q

Cholesterol is the starting material for the synthesis of

A

steroid hormones

60
Q

Cholesterols

A

component of the cell membrane

made mainly in the liver

found in animal only

Acetyl CoA –> cholesterol –> vit D/ steroid hormones etc etc

61
Q

Statins lower…

A

LDL levels

62
Q

eicosanoids

A

signalling molecules

63
Q

eicosanoids are derived from

A

omega 3 or 6 FA

64
Q

eicosanoids regulate

A

inflammatory response

pain and fever

blood pressure

Yr1-S1- Science for Medicine (19 decks)

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