Intro to blood Flashcards
70kg man has …….. litres of blood
5
litres in systemic venous circulation
3
litres in lung
1
litres in heart and arterial circulation
1
Blood consists of
plasma
RBC
WBC
platelets
plasma
circulates biologically active molecules and compounds
3 categories of plasma proteins
albumin
globulin
fibrinogen
Plasma proteins generate an oncotic pressure of
about 25mmHg
plasma proteins do not readily cross the
capillary wall
movement of fluid between capillary and interstitial space is subject to two forces
capillary hydrostatic pressure
plasma protein concentration
capillary hydrostatic pressure
favours movement of fluid out of the capillary
plasma protein concentration
favours movement of fluid into capillary
causes of hypoproteinaemia
prolonger starvation
liver disease
intestinal diseases
nephrosis
erythrocyte
RBC
WBCs
neutrophils monocytes basophils eosinophil lymphocyte
RBC lifespan
120 days
erythropoiesis
RBC formation
pluripotent stem cells –> erythroblast (immature RBC)
erythropoietin secretion is enhanced when
oxygen delivery to the kidneys is reduced (hypoxia)
Leukocytes
white blood cells
1 x 10 (10) per litre
involved in defence against pathogens
WBC - 2 types
granulocytes
agranulocytes
Granulocytes
Neutrophils
Eosinophils
Basophils
Agranulocytes
Monocytes
Lymphocytes (B cells and T cells) - 25%
(You get Helper T cells and Killer T cells)
Neutrophils %
68
most abundant
Monocytes
5% circulating cells
after 72 hours they migrate to connective tissue where they become marcophages and live for 3 months
Leukopoiesis
WBC formation
Cytokines are released from…
endothelial cells
fibroblasts
WBC
Bacterial infection will increase
neutrophils
Viral infection will increase
lymphocytes
Platelets
membrane-bound cell fragments
formation governed by thrombopoietin
Platelet life span
10 days
plasma is …….X thicker than water
1.8
whole blood is …… times thicker than water
3-4
