Exam Questions Flashcards
Energetically unfavorable reactions can only proceed because they are…
coupled to catabolic reactions
Nucleotide make up
Base
Ribose Sugar
Phosphate
The lipid membrane surrounding Eukaryotes doesn’t contain….
ribosomes
it has cholesterol, carbohydrates, ion channels and receptors
The dissociation constant for water is
1 x 10 (-14)
Amino acid sequence is described as the …………. structure of a protein
primary
An enzyme increases the rate of a spontaneous reaction by…
decreasing the activation energy
Monomers of carbohydrates are linked together by,,,,
Glycosidic bonds
Catabolism of 1 mol of glucose to lactate generates how many net moles of…
2
Ingesting alcohol reduces which of the following intermediates, particularly in the liver
NAD+
What is the name of the molecule that transports electrons between complexes III and IV of the electron transport chain?
Cytochrome C
ATPase utilizes which of the following mechanisms to generate ATP
Binding-change mechanism
Which of the following vitamins is not derived from a lipid?
Vitamin C
Which of the following cycles is important in nitrogen metabolism?
Glucose-Alanine Cycle
If a person drinks 1 litre of water
approx 1/3 will enter extracellular fluid and 2/3 will enter the intracellular fluid
If a person drinks 1 litre of water
approx 1/3 will enter extracellular fluid and 2/3 will enter the intracellular fluid
Which of the following statements regarding epithelia is not correct?
A simple epithelium is one which contains only one type of cell
The resting membrane potential is directly generated by
the permeability of the resting membrane to K+
Which of the following is not an example of a graded potential?
Action potential
The end-plate potential is
mediated by voltage gated channels
The thick filaments of skeletal muscle are composed of
Myosin
Contraction of skeletal muscles requires
release of calcium into the SR
An antagonist at a pharmacological receptor
high affinity and low efficacy
An antagonist at a pharmacological receptor
high affinity and low efficacy
In the sympathetic NS
spinal outflow is thoraco-lumbar
Activation of the parasympathetic NS causes
an increase in gut motility
Drug that does NOT block transmission at the NMJ
Neostigmine
The physiological significance of co-activation of alpha and gamma motor neurones innervating skeletal muscles is tat is ensure
the sensitivity of the muscle spindle is retained
Golgi tendon organs are stimulated by
increased tension and cause relaxation of the muscle
Viral infection would typically cause elevated levels of which blood cell type?
Lymphocytes
If body sodium intake exceeds sodium output, there will be an increase in intracellular fluid volume
FALSE
Excessive intake over output will lead to an increased concentration of sodium in the extracellular fluid. The increased osmolarity will then cause an osmotic efflux of water from the intracellular fluid, causing a decrease in its volume.
The linear chain of glucose monomers in starch has a reducing end and a non-reducing end
TRUE
An increase in entropy is also an increase in randomness
TRUE
disorder of a system
When 1 mol of glucose is completely catabolised, 6 mol of CO2 and 6 mol of H2O are formed.
TRUE
Carbon dioxide is not polar.
TRUE
Weight for weight - fats store more energy than carbohydrates
TRUE
Cysteine and methionine are the only genetically coded amino-acids to contain sulphur.
TRUE
Most of the charge on a protein in solution is likely to come from ionised R groups
TRUE
Acetyl CoA is a precursor of cholesterol
TRUE
The transitional epithelium of the urinary tract is waterproof and expansible to accommodate the function of the structures it lines
TRUE
Action Potential rely on the activity of voltage gated sodium channels
TRUE
Hyperammonaemia is a complication of cirrhosis of the liver.
TRUE
Why can there NOT be a difference between ICF and ECF osmolarity?
Because water will always move down any osmotic gradient
What about cells placed in a solution containing 100mM urea and 150mM NaCl? Will they:
Not change volume
A solution containing 100mM urea, 200mM NaCl is:
Hypertonic
Cells placed in the solution containing 100mM urea, 200mM NaCl will:
Shrink
If you drink 1litre of water, where will the water go?
33% in the ECF, 67% in the ICF
If you were to transfuse 1litre of isotonic saline, where would it go?
All in the ECF
