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SL12001 Biochemistry > Lipids > Flashcards

Lipids Flashcards

1
Q

What type (complex or simple) of lipid are phospholipids?

A

Complex

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2
Q

What type (complex or simple) of lipids are cholesterol/prostacyclin?

A

Simple

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3
Q

What are complex lipids made up of?

A

Other smaller compounds put together

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4
Q

What is the major part of complex lipids?

A

Fatty acids

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5
Q

What is the shortest hydrocarbon chain length of a fatty acid?

A

6

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6
Q

What type of double bonds are most double bonds in fatty acids?

A

Cis

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7
Q

How is the branching of fatty acids?

A

Can be branched or unbranched

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8
Q

What is a saturated fatty acid?

A

No C=C

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9
Q

What is an unsaturated fatty acid?

A

At least one C=C

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10
Q

What is the pKa of a carboxyl group?

A

4.5

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11
Q

What type of membrane-found lipid can plants not make?

A

Cholesterol

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12
Q

What is the most common fatty acid?

A

Palmitate

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13
Q

How many long is the carbon chain in palmitate?

A

16

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14
Q

Shorthand naming system for fatty acids?

A

Cx:y delta a, b, c
x=# of carbons
y=# of C=C
a,b,c = positions of double bonds

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15
Q

What two characteristics of a fatty acid can affect the melting point?

A

Saturation and chain length

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16
Q

What type of lipid (complex/simple) is triacylglycerol?

A

Complex

17
Q

What are the four major components of a triacylglycerol?

A

Three FAs and a glycerol molecule

18
Q

What is the main storage form of lipid in many organisms?

A

Triacylglycerols

19
Q

What characteristic do triacylglycerols that are considered fats have?

A

Mainly saturated

20
Q

What characteristic do triacylglycerols that are considered oils have?

A

Lots of unsaturation

21
Q

What are the four major components of a phospholipid?

A

Two FAS, a glycerol and a phosphate group

22
Q

Why are phospholipids amphipathic?

A

They have a hydrophilic region and a hydrophobic region

23
Q

Which part of a phospholipid is hydrophilic?

A

The polar ionised head–> phosphate group

24
Q

Which part of a phospholipid is hydrophobic?

A

The FA

25
Q

What has an effect on the extent of inter-chain interaction?

A

Chain length

26
Q

How does having a longer chain affect inter chain interaction?

A

Longer chain = more interaction

27
Q

How does having a higher proportion of long chain fatty acids benefit organisms when it gets warmer?

A

Longer chain fatty acids allow membranes to stay together at higher temperatures–> prevents membrane from melting

28
Q

What can organisms that live at different temperatures do to their fatty acids in the plasma membrane?

A

Modify their chain length
Introducing double bonds

29
Q

What environmental condition can affect the composition of the fatty acids in the lipids in the phospholipid bilayer?

A

Temperature

30
Q

What makes triacylglycerols better storage molecules than carbohydrates?

A

They dont need water (which takes up space) while carbs do

31
Q

What do amphipathic molecules form when mixed with water?

A

Monolayers

32
Q

What structures can be formed via the agitation of monolayers?

A

Double membrane capsules or vesicles

33
Q

How can micelles be produced from amphipathic molecuels?

A

Vigorous shaking

34
Q

Why does shaking of amphipathic molecules lead to the formation of micelles?

A

The close packing of hydrocarbon tails excludes water–> leads to an increase in entropy

35
Q

Palmitate systematic name?

A

n-hexadecanoic acid (hexadecanoate)

36
Q

Which temp does a higher % of long chain FAs do better in?

A

Higher

37
Q

Which temp does a lower% of long chain FAs do better in?

A

Lower

38
Q

Which temp does a higher % of unsaturated FAs do better in?

A

Lower

39
Q

Which temp does a lower% of unsaturated FAs do better in?

A

HIgher

SL12001 Biochemistry (14 decks)

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