Lipids

Question 1

What type (complex or simple) of lipid are phospholipids?

Answer 1

Complex

Question 2

What type (complex or simple) of lipids are cholesterol/prostacyclin?

Answer 2

Simple

Question 3

What are complex lipids made up of?

Answer 3

Other smaller compounds put together

Question 4

What is the major part of complex lipids?

Answer 4

Fatty acids

Question 5

What is the shortest hydrocarbon chain length of a fatty acid?

Answer 5

6

Question 6

What type of double bonds are most double bonds in fatty acids?

Answer 6

Cis

Question 7

How is the branching of fatty acids?

Answer 7

Can be branched or unbranched

Question 8

What is a saturated fatty acid?

Answer 8

No C=C

Question 9

What is an unsaturated fatty acid?

Answer 9

At least one C=C

Question 10

What is the pKa of a carboxyl group?

Answer 10

4.5

Question 11

What type of membrane-found lipid can plants not make?

Answer 11

Cholesterol

Question 12

What is the most common fatty acid?

Answer 12

Palmitate

Question 13

How many long is the carbon chain in palmitate?

Answer 13

16

Question 14

Shorthand naming system for fatty acids?

Answer 14

Cx:y delta a, b, c
x=# of carbons
y=# of C=C
a,b,c = positions of double bonds

Question 15

What two characteristics of a fatty acid can affect the melting point?

Answer 15

Saturation and chain length

Question 16

What type of lipid (complex/simple) is triacylglycerol?

Answer 16

Complex

Question 17

What are the four major components of a triacylglycerol?

Answer 17

Three FAs and a glycerol molecule

Question 18

What is the main storage form of lipid in many organisms?

Answer 18

Triacylglycerols

Question 19

What characteristic do triacylglycerols that are considered fats have?

Answer 19

Mainly saturated

Question 20

What characteristic do triacylglycerols that are considered oils have?

Answer 20

Lots of unsaturation

Question 21

What are the four major components of a phospholipid?

Answer 21

Two FAS, a glycerol and a phosphate group

Question 22

Why are phospholipids amphipathic?

Answer 22

They have a hydrophilic region and a hydrophobic region

Question 23

Which part of a phospholipid is hydrophilic?

Answer 23

The polar ionised head–> phosphate group

Question 24

Which part of a phospholipid is hydrophobic?

Answer 24

The FA

Question 25

What has an effect on the extent of inter-chain interaction?

Answer 25

Chain length

Question 26

How does having a longer chain affect inter chain interaction?

Answer 26

Longer chain = more interaction

Question 27

How does having a higher proportion of long chain fatty acids benefit organisms when it gets warmer?

Answer 27

Longer chain fatty acids allow membranes to stay together at higher temperatures--> prevents membrane from melting

Question 28

What can organisms that live at different temperatures do to their fatty acids in the plasma membrane?

Answer 28

Modify their chain length Introducing double bonds

Question 29

What environmental condition can affect the composition of the fatty acids in the lipids in the phospholipid bilayer?

Answer 29

Temperature

Question 30

What makes triacylglycerols better storage molecules than carbohydrates?

Answer 30

They dont need water (which takes up space) while carbs do

Question 31

What do amphipathic molecules form when mixed with water?

Answer 31

Monolayers

Question 32

What structures can be formed via the agitation of monolayers?

Answer 32

Double membrane capsules or vesicles

Question 33

How can micelles be produced from amphipathic molecuels?

Answer 33

Vigorous shaking

Question 34

Why does shaking of amphipathic molecules lead to the formation of micelles?

Answer 34

The close packing of hydrocarbon tails excludes water--> leads to an increase in entropy

Question 35

Palmitate systematic name?

Answer 35

n-hexadecanoic acid (hexadecanoate)

Question 36

Which temp does a higher % of long chain FAs do better in?

Answer 36

Higher

Question 37

Which temp does a lower% of long chain FAs do better in?

Answer 37

Lower

Question 38

Which temp does a higher % of unsaturated FAs do better in?

Answer 38

Lower

Question 39

Which temp does a lower% of unsaturated FAs do better in?

Answer 39

HIgher