Carbohydrates I Flashcards
Empirical formula of CHO?
CH2O
What are the three size classes of CHO?
Monosaccharides, oligosaccharides and polysaccharides
What structure do most monosaccharides form in solution?
RIng structure
Which kind of ring formation (boat or chair) do monosaccharides form?
Chair
How are two sugars attached to each other in a disaccharide?
By O-glycosidic bonds
What kind of reaction forms a disaccharide?
Condensation
What kinds of reaction breaks down disaccharides?
Hydrolysis
What is a reducing sugar?
A sugar that has a free aldehyde or ketone that can act as a reducing agent
What is a non-reducing sugar?
A sugar that does not have a ketone or aldehyde that can be used as a reducing agent
Is lactose reducing or non-reducing?
Reducing
Is maltose reducing or non-reducing?
Reducing
Is sucrose reducing or non-reducing?
non-reducing
What are oligosaccharides made up of?
Monosaccharides
How many monosaccharides make up an oligosaccharide?
2-8
Why can oligosaccharides be ingested for endurance exercise?
They dont break down as quickly as monsaccharides
How saccharide units make up a polysaccharide?
> 8
What are the two main groups of polysaccharides?
Structural and storage
What are some examples of structural polysaccharides?
cellulose and chitin
What is the monomer of cellulose?
Beta (1–>4) linked glucose units
Is cellulose branched or unbranched?
Unbranched
What is the monomer of chitin?
Beta (1–>4) linked N-acetylguanosamide
Is chitin branched or unbranched
unbranched
What kind of chains do beta (1–>4) links form
Straight chains
What do beta (1–>4) links consist of?
Hydrogen bonding between OH groups on adjacent saccharide units
