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SL12001 Biochemistry > Carbohydrates I > Flashcards

Carbohydrates I Flashcards

1
Q

Empirical formula of CHO?

A

CH2O

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2
Q

What are the three size classes of CHO?

A

Monosaccharides, oligosaccharides and polysaccharides

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3
Q

What structure do most monosaccharides form in solution?

A

RIng structure

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4
Q

Which kind of ring formation (boat or chair) do monosaccharides form?

A

Chair

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5
Q

How are two sugars attached to each other in a disaccharide?

A

By O-glycosidic bonds

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6
Q

What kind of reaction forms a disaccharide?

A

Condensation

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7
Q

What kinds of reaction breaks down disaccharides?

A

Hydrolysis

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8
Q

What is a reducing sugar?

A

A sugar that has a free aldehyde or ketone that can act as a reducing agent

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9
Q

What is a non-reducing sugar?

A

A sugar that does not have a ketone or aldehyde that can be used as a reducing agent

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10
Q

Is lactose reducing or non-reducing?

A

Reducing

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11
Q

Is maltose reducing or non-reducing?

A

Reducing

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12
Q

Is sucrose reducing or non-reducing?

A

non-reducing

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13
Q

What are oligosaccharides made up of?

A

Monosaccharides

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14
Q

How many monosaccharides make up an oligosaccharide?

A

2-8

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15
Q

Why can oligosaccharides be ingested for endurance exercise?

A

They dont break down as quickly as monsaccharides

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16
Q

How saccharide units make up a polysaccharide?

A

> 8

17
Q

What are the two main groups of polysaccharides?

A

Structural and storage

18
Q

What are some examples of structural polysaccharides?

A

cellulose and chitin

19
Q

What is the monomer of cellulose?

A

Beta (1–>4) linked glucose units

20
Q

Is cellulose branched or unbranched?

A

Unbranched

21
Q

What is the monomer of chitin?

A

Beta (1–>4) linked N-acetylguanosamide

22
Q

Is chitin branched or unbranched

A

unbranched

23
Q

What kind of chains do beta (1–>4) links form

A

Straight chains

24
Q

What do beta (1–>4) links consist of?

A

Hydrogen bonding between OH groups on adjacent saccharide units

25
Q

What can occur as a result of beta (1–>4) links forming straight, unbranched chains?

A

Hydrogen bonding between adjacent chains

26
Q

What are some examples of storage polysaccharides?

A

Starch and glycogen

27
Q

What polymers make up starch?

A

alpha-amylose and amylopectin

28
Q

What is amylopectin a polymer of?

A

D-glucose

29
Q

How common are amylopectin polymers in starch?

A

Occur every 24-30 glucose units

30
Q

What kind of glycosidic bond links alpha-amylose?

A

beta (1–>4) links

31
Q

What kind of glycosidic bond links amylopectin polymers?

A

alpha (1–>6) linked branches

32
Q

How often does glycogen branch?

A

Every 8-14 glucose units

33
Q

How many units long are glycosaminoglycans?

A

100s

SL12001 Biochemistry (14 decks)

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