Initial lipid digestion

Question 1

What is the most common lipid molecule?

Answer 1

FAs

Question 2

What can be generated as a result of the metabolism of FAs

Answer 2

ATP

Question 3

What % of calories are from FAs?

Answer 3

30-40%

Question 4

What are the three main sources of FAs?

Answer 4

Diet, Adipose tissue, De novo synthesis

Question 5

What is de novo synthesis?

Answer 5

Making FAs from non-lipid precursors

Question 6

What are some molecules used in de novo synthesis?

Answer 6

Carbohydrates, AAs and CO2

Question 7

Where does fat digestion begin?

Answer 7

Small intestine

Question 8

Which three organs are involved in fat digestion?

Answer 8

Small intestine, liver and pancreas

Question 9

Which organ produces and releases bile?

Answer 9

Liver

Question 10

Which organ does the liver release bile via?

Answer 10

Gall Bladder

Question 11

What are the two main compounds that bile contains?

Answer 11

Bile acids and bile salts

Question 12

What do bile salts and acids act as?

Answer 12

Detergents

Question 13

What are bile salts and acids derived from?

Answer 13

Cholesterol

Question 14

How do bile salts and acids act as detergents?

Answer 14

They emulsify the lipids

Question 15

What is formed as a result of bile’s association with lipids?

Answer 15

Small droplets of fat

Question 16

What does the pancreas produce?

Answer 16

Digestive enzymes and bicarbonate solution

Question 17

What are the enzymes involved in fat digestion called?

Answer 17

Lipases

Question 18

What is the name of the droplets formed as a result of the association between the nile salts and lipid droplets?

Answer 18

Micelles

Question 19

What are the micelles met with before the fats enter the epithelial cells lining the small intestine?

Answer 19

pancreatic lipase

Question 20

What does pancreatic lipase do?

Answer 20

Catalyses the hydrolysis of triacylglycerols

Question 21

What are the products of the hydrolysis of triacylglycerols with pancreatic lipase?

Answer 21

2 acylglycerol and two fatty acids

Question 22

What % of dietary fat is triacylglycerol?

Answer 22

95

Question 23

What are the products of the first hydrolysis reaction of triacylglycerol?

Answer 23

1,2-diacylglycerol and a fatty acid

Question 24

What are the products of the hydrolysis of 1,2-diacylglycerol?

Answer 24

2-acylglycerol and a fatty acid

Question 25

Where is triacylglycerol lipase found?

Answer 25

At the water-lipid interface

Question 26

What diffuses into the intestinal epithelial cells after the hydrolysis of triacylglycerol?

Answer 26

2-acylglycerol and two FAs

Question 27

What is the role of phospholipase A2?

Answer 27

Acts upon phospholipids by removal of the FA residue at position C2

Question 28

What does the removal of a fatty acid from position C2 from a phospholipid do?

Answer 28

Aids their digestion

Question 29

What diffuses into the intestinal epithelial cells after the action of phospholipase A2?

Answer 29

A lysophospholipid and a FA