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SL12001 Biochemistry > Carbohydrates II > Flashcards

Carbohydrates II Flashcards

1
Q

What are glycosaminoglycans?

A

A range of polymers composed of repeating disaccharide units

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2
Q

How many units does a typical glycosaminoglycan contain?

A

100s

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3
Q

What is the major component of ground substance?

A

glycosaminoglycans

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4
Q

What is ground substance?

A

The “gunk” that holds tissues together

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5
Q

What is the synovial fluid?

A

The collection of fluid confined within a joint space

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6
Q

What is synovial fluid primarily made up of?

A

Ground substance

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7
Q

What can adjacent cells use ground fluid for?

A

Communication with one another

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8
Q

What is a hyaluronic acid an example of?

A

A glycosaminoglycan in ground substance

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9
Q

Where is hyaluronic acid found?

A

Vitreous humor of the eye

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10
Q

What is hyaluronic acid a disaccharide of?

A

D-glucuronic acid and N-acetyl-D-glucosamine

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11
Q

How are D-glucuronic acid and N-acetyl-D-glucosamine monomers linked in hyaluronic acid?

A

Beta (1–>3) linkages

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12
Q

How are hyaluronic acid disaccharides linked to each other?

A

beta (1–>4) linkages

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13
Q

How many disaccharide units does hyaluronic acid have?

A

250-250,000

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14
Q

What kind of structure does hyaluronic acid form?

A

A rigid, highly hydrated one

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15
Q

What are some characteristics of a hyaluronic acid solution?

A

Viscous, shock absorbant, shearing forces

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16
Q

What is added to the majority of proteins?

A

Carbohydrates

17
Q

What is formed when a CHO is added to a protein?

A

A glycoprotein

18
Q

What determines the nature of a carbohydrate?

A

The availability of certain enzymes

19
Q

What is microheterogeneity?

A

Variation in the chemical nature of a substance that does not produce a major change in its properties

20
Q

What is the range of carbohydrate content that can make up the glycoprotein?

A

1%–>99%

21
Q

What are the two ways that a CHO can be linked to a protein?

A

N-linked and O-linked

22
Q

How is the CHO attached to the protein in N-linkage?

A

It is beta linked to the aminde nitrogen of asparagine in the protein sequence

23
Q

For a CHO to be added to an asparagine, how must the AA arrangement be after the asparagine?

A

Asn-AnyAminoAcid-Serine
Asn-AnyAminoAcid-Threonine

24
Q
A

SL12001 Biochemistry (14 decks)

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