Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

SL12001 Biochemistry > Fatty acid biosynthesis 1 > Flashcards

Fatty acid biosynthesis 1 Flashcards

Learn it

1
Q

Main use of lipids in cell structure?

A

Cellular membranes (plasma and organelle)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What can lower concentrations of lipids also be used for?

A

Signalling molecules

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Example of a lipid signalling molecule?

A

Phosphatidyl inositol

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What kind of reaction is the synthesis of fatty acid (OILRIG)?

A

Reduction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is the major product of fatty acid synthesis?

A

Palmitic acid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Structure of palmitic acid?

A

CH3(CH2)14COOH

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

How many carbons do most naturally occuring fatty acids have (even/odd)?

A

even

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Most even numbers of fatty acids are?

A

C14, 16, 18, 20

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What kind of organism can produce fatty acids w/ an odd # of carbons?

A

Bacteria

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

How many carbon units are added to the growing fatty acid chain?

A

2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Where does fatty acid biosynthesis occur?

A

Cytoplasm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What coenzymes does fatty acid biosynthesis require?

A

NADP+ / NADPH

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

How is it known that fatty acid biosynthesis occurs in the cytosol?

A

Tissue was centrifuged and two proteins that are involved in FA biosynth came out in cytosol fraction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Stage one of fatty acid biosynthesis?

A

Carboxylation of acetyl-CoA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is formed when acetyl-CoA is carboxylated?

A

Malonyl-CoA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What provides the CO2 for the carboxylation of acetyl-CoA?

A

HCO3 -

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What is needed for the first step of FA biosynthesis to occur?

A

biotin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What is the first part of the first step of FA biosynthesis?

A

Reaction between Biotin and HCO3 -

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What is the useful product formed via the reaction between biotin and HCO3 -?

A

Biotin-CO2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What enzyme is used in the second part of the first step of fatty acid biosynthesis?

A

Transcarboxylase

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What is the second step of fatty acid biosynthesis?

A

Chain elongation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

How are long chain fatty acids formed?

A

Additions of acetyl-CoA and malonyl-CoA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Role of acetyl-CoA in chain extension?

A

Primes the reaction, and becomes the methyl terminus of the fatty acid chain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Role of malonyl-CoA in chain extension?

A

Each one provides a 2 carbon unit to extend the chain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
What is needed for chain extension other than acetyl-CoA and malonyl-CoA?
NADPH and H+
26
How many NADPH and H+ are needed per malonyl-CoA?
2
27
Overall reactants for FA biosynthesis (combining steps)?
acetyl-CoA, ATP, NADPH and H+
28
Reactants for formation of palmitate?
8 acetyl-CoA, 7 ATP, 14 NADPH and 14 H+
29
Why is 8 acetyl-CoA needed for the formation of palmitate?
1 is needed for the methyl terminus of palmitate, the other 7 are used to make 7 malonyl-CoA
30
Why is 7 ATP needed for the formation of palmitate?
It is used to make 7 malonyl-CoA from 7 acetyl-C-A
31
What happens to the CO2 used in the first step of FA biosynthesis?
It is replenished as the second step produces the same amount of CO2 that the first step uses
32
What are the overall products of FA biosynthesis (combining steps)?
FA, CoA, H20, ADP, PI, NADP+
33
Overall products of palmitate formation?
palmitate, 8 CoA, 6H2O, 7 ADP, 7 PI and 14 NADP+
34
What catalyses the second step of FA biosynthesis?
Fatty acid synthase
35
Where is fatty acid synthetase found?
In the cytosol
36
How is it known that FA synthase is found in the cytosol?
It is found in the cytosolic fraction of cells
37
What does fatty acid synthase require in order to work?
Malonyl-CoA, acetyl-CoA and NADPH
38
First part of first enzymatic step of fatty acid synthase ?
Acetyl-CoA is attached to Acyl Carrier Protein
39
Reaction of first part of first step of fatty acid synthase?
Acetyl-CoA--> acetyl-ACP + CoASH
40
Second part of first enzymatic step of fatty acid synthase?
Acetyl group is transferred to the beta-ketoacyl ACP synthase protein/domain
41
Second enzymatic step of fatty acid synthase?
Malonyl group is transferred to ACP
42
Enzyme used in second step of fatty acid synthase?
Malonyl transacylase
43
Third enzymatic step of fatty acid synthase?
Acetyl group that is bound to beta-ketoacyl-ACP synthase is joined to the malonyl ACP molecule
44
What small molecule is released in the third enzymatic step of fatty acid synthase?
CO2
45
Fourth enzymatic step of fatty acid synthase?
Reduction of the Beta-ketoacyl-ACP
46
What functional group is reduced in the fourth enzymatic step of fatty acid synthase?
The carbonyl group furthest away from the S-ACP, to an alcohol
47
Product of the fourth enzymatic step of fatty acid synthase?
beta-hydroxylacyl-ACP
48
Enzyme used in the fourth enzymatic step of fatty acid synthase?
beta-ketoacyl ACP reductase
49
Fifth enzymatic step of fatty acid synthase?
Dehydration of beta-hydroxyacyl-ACP
50
Which functional group is dehydrated in the fifth enzymatic step of fatty acid synthase?
Alcohol group
51
Product of the fifth enzymatic step of fatty acid synthase?
alpha beta trans enoyl-ACP
52
Enzyme used in the fifth step of fatty acid synthase?
beta-hydroxyacyl-ACP dehydrase
53
Formula of product of fifth enzymatic step of fatty acid synthase?
CH3CHCHCO~S-ACP
54
Sixth step of fatty acid synthase?
Reduction (hydrogenation) of alpha beta trans enoyl-ACP
55
Which functional group is reduced in the sth step of fatty acid synthase?
Alkene
56
Product of the sixth step of fatty acid synthase?
acyl-ACP
57
Formula of product of sixth enzymatic step of fatty acid synthase?
CH3CH2CH2CO~S-ACP
58
Enzyme used in sixth step of fatty acid synthase?
enoyl-ACP reductase
59
What happens to the acyl part of the acyl-ACP group after the sixth step of fatty acid synthase?
Ity is transferred to the beta-ketoacyl synthase domain of the protein
60
Last 2C addition part of fatty acid synthase?
palmitoyl-ACP--> Palmitaie + ACP-SH
61
Enzyme catalysing final step of formation of palmitate?
palmitoyl thoesterase
62

SL12001 Biochemistry (14 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions