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biology > lipids > Flashcards

lipids Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

what is a macromolecule

A

a complex molecule with a large molecular mass

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2
Q

what 3 elements do triglycerides contain

A

carbon, hydrogen and oxygen

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3
Q

what is the structure of triglycerides like

A

contain one molecule of glycerol and have 3 fatty acids attached

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4
Q

what are fatty acid tails like in contact with water

A

hydrophobic

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5
Q

what is the makeup of fatty acids

A

contain an oxygen group, a hydroxide group and a R group (variable)

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6
Q

what reaction are triglycerides formed in

A

condensation reactions

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7
Q

what bond holds the fatty acids with the glycerol

A

an ester bond

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8
Q

what is this process called where triglycerides are synthesised

A

esterification

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9
Q

what reactions break triglycerides

A

hydrolysis

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10
Q

what happens in the hydrolysis of triglycerides

A

ester bonds are broken

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11
Q

what are the two types of fatty acids

A

saturated and unsaturated

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12
Q

describe the structure of saturated fatty acids

A

no double bonds

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13
Q

what is the general formula for saturated fatty acids

A

CnH2n+1

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14
Q

what is the structure of unsaturated fatty acids like

A

have a double carbon bond between carbon atoms

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15
Q

what happens to unsaturated fatty acids because of the double bond

A

they Kink( curl up)

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16
Q

describe the structure of phospholipids

A

contain 2 fatty acids, one molecule of glycerol and one phosphate group

17
Q

what is the phosphate group like in phospholipids

A

hydrophilic

18
Q

what is triglycerides main function

A

used as energy storage

19
Q

why is triglycerides long hydrocarbon tails of fatty acids good

A

contain lots of chemical energy

20
Q

why is triglycerides solubility good

A

don’t cause water to enter by osmosis

21
Q

why do triglycerides bundle together

A

form insoluble droplets as hydrophobic tails face inwards which shields them

22
Q

where are phospholipids found

A

in the cell membrane of all cells

23
Q

why are phospholipids heads and tails important

A

form a double layer with heads facing out so are insoluble

24
Q

why is the tails important in phospholipids

A

makes it hard for substances to easily pass through

25
Q

what is cholesterols main function

A

helps strengthen the cell membrane by binding to hydrophobic tails and making them less fluid and more rigid

26
Q

what is cholesterols size like and why is this good

A

small and flattened so it can fit between phospholipid molecules in membrane

27
Q

How do hydrophilic heads in phospholipids interact with water

A

Form H bond

28
Q

Name three functions of triglycerides in living organisms

A

Energy storage

Energy source for respiration
Thermal insulation

biology (16 decks)

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