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Cell Biology Flashcards

1
Q

what is the nucleus surrounded by

A

nuclear envelope

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2
Q

what does the nucleus usually look like under a microscope

A

roughly spherical- sometimes contains a dark patch

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3
Q

what is the structure of the nuclear envelope like

A

double membrane and contains many pores

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4
Q

what does the nuclear envelope do

A

has an inner and outer membrane which separate the nucleus from the rest of the cell

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5
Q

what is the function of the nucleus

A

controls the cells activities

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6
Q

why is dna important in the nucleus

A

contains instructions to make proteins

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7
Q

what proteins is DNA packed with and what do these make up

A

histone proteins which make up chromatin

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8
Q

what does the nuclear pores do

A

allow substances to move between the nucleus and cytoplasm

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9
Q

what 2 substances can pass through the nuclear pores

A

mRNA and ribosomes

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10
Q

what does the nucleolus do

so what process is it involved in

A

makes ribosomes

protein synthesis

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11
Q

what is the cytoplasm like structure in the nucleus called

A

the nucleoplasm

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12
Q

what is the plasma membrane made from

A

lipids and protein

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13
Q

what is the function of the plasma membrane - 2

A

controls the movement of substances into and out of cells

contains receptor molecules which help respond to chemicals eg hormones

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14
Q

what is the cell wall and what is it made of

A

rigid structure for protection and made of cellulose

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15
Q

what are the ribosomes involved in

A

translating genetic material into protein for protein synthesis

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16
Q

How is a lysosome structured

A

round organelle surrounded by membrane

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17
Q

what is the function of the lysosome clue - suicide

A

contains digestive enzymes that can digest invading cells or break down worn out components of a cell

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18
Q

what is a ribosome made of
where can u find it

A

proteins and RNA

in the cytoplasm or attached to the rough ER

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19
Q

what is the function of the ribosomes

A

where proteins are made

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20
Q

what is the rough ER structure like

A

system of membranes enclosing a fluid filled space

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21
Q

what is the function of the rough ER

A

folds and processes proteins

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22
Q

what is the function of the smooth ER

A

synthesises and processes lipids

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23
Q

what is the golgi apparatus made from

A

flattened sacs

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24
Q

what is the function of the golgi apparatus

A

processes and packages new lipids and proteins and makes lysosomes

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25
what is the structure of the mitochondria like
double membrane
26
what is the formula for magnification
I= AM image = actual x magnification
27
what does magnification describe
how many times bigger an image gets when put under a microscope
28
what does resolution describe
how much detail we can see in an image
29
what is the definition of resolution
the smallest distance that two objects can be apart while still appearing as two objects
30
how does a light microscope work
light is sent from a light source through a specimen and the image is magnified by a glass lens
31
what types of cells can light microscopes study
living cells
32
what kind of image does light microscopes show us
3D images
33
what kind of radiation do light microscopes use
visible light
34
what is the magnification and resolution of a light microscope
res - 200nm mag- x2000
35
what are the 2 types of prokaryotes
bacteria archea
36
what organelles do they have that are the same as eukaryotes
cytoplasm plasma membrane ribosomes
37
how do prokaryotes store there energy
glycogen granules and oil droplets
38
what is the cell wall of prokaryotic cells made of
murein
39
what happens to the cell wall during cell division
gets broken down
40
what can be found in all prokaryotes
cell membrane, DNA and cell wall
41
what does the flagella do
a tail like structure
42
what might lie on the outside of the cell wall and what does it do
waxy capsule which protects it from other cells and allows bacteria to stick together for survival
43
what does the pili do
help stick bacteria together
44
which organelles do prokaryotes and eukaryotes have in common
cytoplasm, cell membrane and ribosomes
45
what is the difference in what the cell wall is made from for P and E
P = pepitdoglycan E = cellulose
46
what size is P ribosomes v E
P - 70s E- 80s
47
how are the organelles set out in P v E
P = free float E= membrane bound
48
what is the cytoskelenton like in P v E
P = simpler E = more complex
49
what unique structures do P cells have on outside and what do they do
P = Pilli which help bacteria stick together and absorb things flagella - which is like the tail
50
what is dna like in P v E cells
P = free in cytoplasm naked circular in plasmids E= in nucleus DNA is associated with histone proteins Linear DNA
51
What does the vesicle do
Fluid filled sac that transports substances in and out the cell
52
Describe the structure f the mitrochondria
Inner membrane is called cristae Inside cristae is the matrix
53
Describe the structure of the chloroplasts
Flattened structures Double membrane Contains thylakoid membranes which stack up to form thr grana
54
How are the centrioles structured
Hollow cylinders made of microtubules
55
What is the function of the centrioles
Involved in the separation of chromosomes during cell division
56
What are the cilia structured like
Hair like structures that have a ring if nine pairs of protein microtubules
57
What is the function of the microtubules
Amicrotubules the cillia to move The movement is used to move substances along the cell surface
58
name one structure present in animal cells that arent in plan cells
centrioles
59
what are the advantages of staining specimens viewed under a microscope - 3
- organelles can be identified better - makes more visible - increases contrast
60
what are centrioles
small hollow cylinders ade of mirtubles
61
what do centrioles do
help with the separation of chromosomes
62
Name 3 characteristics of a good biological drawing
No shading. Magnifications scale No arrowheads to labels. Label should not cross
63
Name the 4 places a protein goes to get out the cell
Rough endoplasmic reticulum Golgi apparatus. Vesicles Plasma membrane
64
What are three functions of the cytoskeleton?
How to uphold the structure and strength of the cell Help in the spitting on the cytoplasm and cytokinesis. Help with the movement of organelles within cells.
65
contrast facilitated diffusion with active transport

biology (16 decks)

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