Carbohydrates

Question 1

what are the monomers called that make up carbohydrates

Answer 1

monosaccharides

Question 2

glucose is a ———

Answer 2

monosaccharide

Question 3

how many carbons does glucose have

what do we therefore call it

Answer 3

6

a hexose monosaccharide

Question 4

where is the oh group on alpha v beta glucose

Answer 4

alpha- below
beta- above

Question 5

what is glucoses main function

Answer 5

energy source for animals and plants

Question 6

why is glucoses solubility useful

Answer 6

can be easily transported

Question 7

how many carbons does ribose contain

what do we call it therefore

Answer 7

5

pentose monosaccharide

Question 8

for every carbon atom in carbohydrates there is usually what

Answer 8

two hydrogen atoms and one oxygen atom

Question 9

what bonds hold monosaccharides together

Answer 9

glyosidic bonds

Question 10

what reaction bonds monosaccharides together

Answer 10

condensation reaction

Question 11

how does joining of monomers in condensation reactions work

Answer 11

one hydrogen atom bonds to the hydroxyl group on the other releasing a molecule of water

Question 12

how do we break glyosidic bonds

Answer 12

hydrolysis

Question 13

how does hydrolysis of monosaccharides work

Answer 13

molecule of water reacts with glyosidic bond , breaking it apart

Question 14

what is it called when two monosaccharides join together

Answer 14

disaccharide

Question 15

what two monosaccharides makes sucrose

Answer 15

alpha glucose and fructose

Question 16

what two monosaccharides makes Lactose

Answer 16

galactose and glucose ( alpha or beta)

Question 17

when is a polysaccharide formed

Answer 17

when more then two monosaccharides join together

Question 18

what is the main function of startch

Answer 18

main energy storage in plants

Question 19

explain the purpose of starch in plants

Answer 19

plants store excess glucose as starch and then when the plant needs more energy it will break down this starch back into glucose

Question 20

what is starch made up of

Answer 20

amylose and amylopectin

Question 21

what is amylose

Answer 21

a long unbranched chain of alpha glucose.

Question 22

why is amylose having a coiled structure important

Answer 22

makes it compact and good for storage

Question 23

what is amylopectin

Answer 23

a long branched chain of alpha glucose

Question 24

why is amylopectin side branches important

what can be quickly released

Answer 24

allow enzymes to get to the glyosidic bonds easily

so glucose can be released quickly

Question 25

why is amylopectin side branches important what can be quickly released

Answer 25

allow enzymes to get to the glyosidic bonds easily so glucose can be released quickly

Question 26

why is starch good for storage

Answer 26

insoluble in water so doesn't enter cells by osmosis and change water potential

Question 27

what is glycogens main function

Answer 27

main energy storage in animals

Question 28

what is excess glucose stored as

Answer 28

glycogen

Question 29

what is glycogen made of

Answer 29

alpha glucose monosaccharides

Question 30

what is glycogens structure like

Answer 30

lots of side branches

Question 31

why is glycogens structure important

Answer 31

side branches mean that glucose can be released quickly which is important for energy release in animals

Question 32

why is glycogen good for storage

Answer 32

its compact

Question 33

what is celluloses main function

Answer 33

used in cell walls in plants

Question 34

what is cellulose structure like

Answer 34

made of long unbranched chains of beta glucose

Question 35

When are cellulose chains formed

Answer 35

When beta glucose bond

Question 36

what are cellulose chains linked together by

Answer 36

hydrogen bonds

Question 37

what do the hydrogen bonds in cellulose chains form and what are they used in

Answer 37

microfibrils which is used for structural support for cells

Question 38

what ion is required for the hydrolysis of starch

Answer 38

cl-

Question 39

list the following from the most to the least soluble amylose, amylopectin, glycogen, ribose

Answer 39

glycogen, ribose, amylose, amylopectin

Question 40

what numbered bonds does glycogen usually form

Answer 40

1-6

Question 41

why are the 1-6 glyosidic bonds so important in glycogen

Answer 41

it helps forma highly branched structure

Question 42

what characteristic of glucose allows it to be transported in the bloodstream

Answer 42

soluble

Question 43

why do mammals store glycogen instead of glucose

Answer 43

compact insoluble so doesnt affect water potential breaks down quickly

Question 44

give 3 properties of cellulose that make it good for cell walls

Answer 44

insoluble strong flexible

Question 45

what bonds does glycogen form

Answer 45

1-4 glycosidic

Question 46

why is glycogen more suited to animals as an energy store then amylopectin

Answer 46

glycogen is more compact glycogen is more branched for quick release glycogen is more coiled which means it takes up less space

Question 47

what is maltose made from

Answer 47

two alpha glucose molecules

Question 48

what bond does maltose have

Answer 48

alpha 1-4 glyosidic

Question 49

what bond does sucrose have

Answer 49

alpha 1-2 glyosidic

Question 50

what bond does sucrose have

Answer 50

alpha 1-2 glyosidic

Question 51

what bonds does lactose have

Answer 51

beta 1-4 glyosidic

Question 52

name 2 uses of carbohydrates in the body

Answer 52

energy provision energy storage

Question 53

where is glucose found in the body and how

Answer 53

as glycogen in muscles and liver