Lipid structures Flashcards
Structure of fatty acid
Long hydrocarbon tail, methyl at one end, carboxyl at the other end
In humans there’s an ____ number of carbons in fatty acid
Even
How many carbons in fatty acids in humans
16 to 20
How many carbons in stearic acid
18
How many carbons in palmitic acid
16
What is arachidonic acid
One of C20 PUFA precursor of eicosanoid hormone
Which FA has 3 double bonds and 18 carbons
a-linolenic acid (essential FA)
Which FA has one double bond in the middle and 18 carbons
Oleic acid
Which FA has 4 double bonds and 20 carbons
Arachidonic acid
FA is attained by
ester linkages
More solid fast have more
Saturated fats
What causes the kinks in triglycerides
Cis double bonds
Which FA are tightly packed and have a high boiling point
Linear saturated
All natural unsaturated fats contain
Cis bonds
Trans fat is made during
Partial dehydrogenation of unsaturated fats
What is trans fat
partially dehydrogenated unsaturated fats
What does partially dehydrogenated unsaturated fats do
Increases shelf life and allows for high temp. cooking
What happens when the double bonds in unsaturated fats are fully oxidized
It becomes spoiled faster
All unsaturated fats contain
Cis bonds
What happens during partial hydrogenation of unsaturated fats
Isomerization
Partial dehydrogenation of unsaturated fats raise
Melting point so that fat is solid
Trans fat increases
Endogenous cholesterol
What does an increase in trans fat lead to
Atherosclerosis
Saturated fats ALSO…
Increase cholesterol, but to a lesser extent
What is glycerolphospholipids made of
glycerol backbone attached to 2 FA chains and 1 phosphate group
Glycerolphospholipids are important in
Cell membrane structure
Lecithin
Phosphatidyl choline (emulsifying agent)
Which phosphoacylgycerol is an emulsifying agent
Phosphatidylcholine
What is the simplest glycerophospholipid
Phosphatidic acid
How do you make a lysolipid structure
remove one of the FA chains from a phosphoacylglycerol
WHat does a spingospine backbone consist of
one FA chain and one head group
What is the head group in the sphingospine backbone
Glycolipid sugar head group, usually cerebrosides or gangliosides
Ceramide linked to a phosphorylcholine via amide bond is
Sphingomyeling
Ceramide linked to a galactose via amide bond is
Galactocerebroside
Ceramide linked to a oligosaccharide via amide bon dis
Ganglioside
Do unsaturated or saturated fatty acids have a higher melting point
Saturated
Acylglyceride structure
One or more FA chains attached by ester linkages
