Buffers

Question 1

Metabolic intermediates

Answer 1

Carboxylic acids:
lactic acid
acetoecetic acid
B-hydroxybutyric acid

Question 1

Volatile acid

Answer 1

complete oxidation of biological fuels produces CO2 which combines with water to form carbonic acid

Question 2

Acidic non-volatile end products

Answer 2

sulfuric acid
phosphoric acid
ammonia

Question 3

Bicarbonate-carbonic acid buffer system

Answer 3

used in extracellular fluids

Question 4

Hemoglobin buffer system

Answer 4

Used in red blood cells

Question 5

Phosphate buffer system

Answer 5

used in intracellular fluid

Question 6

General protein buffer systems

Answer 6

Used in intracellular fluids and plasma

Question 7

If blood CO2 increases due to hypoventilation, what happens to the pH of blood?

Answer 7

It increases to counteract the increase in CO2

Question 8

What happens in metabolic acidosis

Answer 8

Carbonic acid decreases, blood pH decreases

Question 9

If blood becomes acidic, what happens to rate of respiration?

Answer 9

Increases, hyperventilates to get rid of excess protons

Question 10

If serum ketonoe bodies are elevated, what happens to pH

Answer 10

pH decreases because of ketoacidosis

Question 11

Respiratory alkalosis

Answer 11

Decrease in CO2, decrease in H+ ions, increase in pH

Question 12

What kind of acid is 2 carboxyl groups

Answer 12

weak acid

Question 13

What is a major extracellular electrolyte

Answer 13

K+

Question 14

Where is carbonic anhydrase found

Answer 14

Red blood cells

Question 15

Hypoventilation causes

Answer 15

Respiratory acidosis

Question 16

Hyperventilation causes

Answer 16

Respiratory alkalosis

Question 17

Metabolic acidosis

Answer 17

When H3CO- is low

Question 18

Metabolic alkalosis

Answer 18

Caused by in increase in HCO3- which leads to increased pH

Question 19

Two main buffers of acids

Answer 19

Bicarbonate, hemoglobin

Question 20

Respiratory acidosis

Answer 20

Increase in CO2, Increase in H+, decrease in pH

Question 21

Diabetic ketoacidosis

Answer 21

Insulin decreases, leads to fasted state, more KB, DECREASE in pH,

Question 22

Kussmaul breathing

Answer 22

Deep, long breaths
More CO2 expelled, increase in pH
Treats DKA

Question 23

Extracellular electrolytes

Answer 23

Na+, Cl-, HCO3-

Question 24

Intracellular electrolytes

Answer 24

K+ and inorganic phosphate

Question 25

Where is carbonic anhydrase found

Answer 25

In red blood cells

Question 26

What causes a multiple carboxylic deficiency

Answer 26

B7

Question 27

pH of carboxyl group

Answer 27

2-4

Question 28

pH of amino group

Answer 28

9