Buffers Flashcards
Metabolic intermediates
Carboxylic acids:
lactic acid
acetoecetic acid
B-hydroxybutyric acid
Volatile acid
complete oxidation of biological fuels produces CO2 which combines with water to form carbonic acid
Acidic non-volatile end products
sulfuric acid
phosphoric acid
ammonia
Bicarbonate-carbonic acid buffer system
used in extracellular fluids
Hemoglobin buffer system
Used in red blood cells
Phosphate buffer system
used in intracellular fluid
General protein buffer systems
Used in intracellular fluids and plasma
If blood CO2 increases due to hypoventilation, what happens to the pH of blood?
It increases to counteract the increase in CO2
What happens in metabolic acidosis
Carbonic acid decreases, blood pH decreases
If blood becomes acidic, what happens to rate of respiration?
Increases, hyperventilates to get rid of excess protons
If serum ketonoe bodies are elevated, what happens to pH
pH decreases because of ketoacidosis
Respiratory alkalosis
Decrease in CO2, decrease in H+ ions, increase in pH
What kind of acid is 2 carboxyl groups
weak acid
What is a major extracellular electrolyte
K+
Where is carbonic anhydrase found
Red blood cells
Hypoventilation causes
Respiratory acidosis
Hyperventilation causes
Respiratory alkalosis
Metabolic acidosis
When H3CO- is low
Metabolic alkalosis
Caused by in increase in HCO3- which leads to increased pH
Two main buffers of acids
Bicarbonate, hemoglobin
Respiratory acidosis
Increase in CO2, Increase in H+, decrease in pH
Diabetic ketoacidosis
Insulin decreases, leads to fasted state, more KB, DECREASE in pH,
Kussmaul breathing
Deep, long breaths
More CO2 expelled, increase in pH
Treats DKA
Extracellular electrolytes
Na+, Cl-, HCO3-
Intracellular electrolytes
K+ and inorganic phosphate
Where is carbonic anhydrase found
In red blood cells
What causes a multiple carboxylic deficiency
B7
pH of carboxyl group
2-4
pH of amino group
9
