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Biochemistry > Enzyme Regulation > Flashcards

Enzyme Regulation Flashcards

1
Q

Homoallosteric

A

Cooperative binding

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2
Q

Heteroallosteric

A

Cooperative binding and positive/negative regulators

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3
Q

Allosteric activators bind tightly to

A

R state

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4
Q

Allosteric inhibitors bind tightly to

A

T state

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5
Q

S0.5 is the same as

A

Km

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6
Q

binding of allosteric activator makes graph more

A

Hyperbolic, shifts to the left

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7
Q

When is gluconeogenesis activated

A

High ATP
Low ADP/AMP

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8
Q

When is glycolysis activated

A

Low ATP
High ADP/AMP

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9
Q

Exercise

A

Low ATP
High ADP/AMP

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10
Q

Rest

A

High ATP
Low ADP/AMP

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11
Q

Reversible covalent modification

A

Coordinated response of several enzymes to a single signal

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12
Q

What catalyzes first step in glycogenolysis

A

Glycogen phosphorylase

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13
Q

Glycogen phosphorylase is both

A

Allosteric effector
Reversible covalent modification

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14
Q

Phosphorylase is activated by

A

high AMP/ADP (allosterically activates to R form)
OR adrenaline

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15
Q

PKA is activated by

A

cAMP, a second messenger

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16
Q

Phosphorylation is reversed by

A

Protein phosphatase

17
Q

Glycogen phosphorylase is activated by

A

Caldmodulin which is activated by AMP

18
Q

Calmodulin is activated when binded to

A

Ca2+

19
Q

Increase in Ca2+ stimulates

A

glycogenolysis (breaking down glycogen)

20
Q

G proteins

A

Hydrolyzes GTP –> Releases target
Reaction is slow

21
Q

Proteolytic cleavage is

A

irreversible

22
Q

What are inactive protein forms

A

Proprotein, proenzyme, zymogen

23
Q

What activates zymogen

A

Proteolytic cleavage

24
Q

What enzyme is synthesized in zymogen form

A

Chymotrypsin, synthesized in pancrease in inactive form

25
Q

When is chymotrypsin activated

A

When its released into intestine

26
Q

Example of proproteins

A

Blood coagulation proteins

27
Q

What two things regulate enzyme synthesis and degradation

A

Hormonal signaling
Metabolic changes

28
Q

Feedback inhibition

A

Later product inhibits earlier reaction

29
Q

Feedforward reaction

A

earlier reaction activates later reaction

30
Q

Counterregulation

A

Inhibition or activation of a reaction by products of a LINKED pathway

Biochemistry (13 decks)

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