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PHTH 517 > Lifespand and Development > Flashcards

Lifespand and Development Flashcards

1
Q

Learning begins in utero (T/f)

A

TRUE

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2
Q

______ mums = offspring with lower stress hormones, calmer, greater capacity to learn

A

affectionate

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3
Q

______ mums = less affection/contact with offspring = more stressed/fearful offspring

A

stressed

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4
Q

Some changes due to neglect early in life may be reversible (
T/F)

A

TRUE

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5
Q

The richer, more varied and stimulating experiences, the more _________ are made in the brain.

A

connections

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6
Q

The single most important factor determining the quality of mother-offspring interactions is the ______ and _______ health of the mother.

A

mental; physical

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7
Q

_______ theory = child centred, parents read cues and is highly responsive and this impacts adjustment in adulthood.

A

attachment

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8
Q

Cuddling babies affects ______ _________.

A

gene expression

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9
Q

When is the period of purple crying ?

A

peaks around 7 weeks

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10
Q

Perception of _________ = matching environment with childs skills

A

affordances

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11
Q

What are the 3 underpinnings of the maturational theory?

A
  1. Hierarchical
  2. Sequential
  3. Predictable
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12
Q

What are the 3 underpinnings of the dynamic systems theory?

A
  1. Task
  2. Environment
  3. Child
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13
Q

What are the steps in the Reflex-Hierarchy theory?

A
  1. Spinal cord (primary reflexes)
  2. Brainstem (postural reflexes)
  3. Midbrain (righting reactions)
  4. Cortex (voluntary movements)
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14
Q

The _________ theory states that development is a complex process that emerges from a complex interaction of the infant/child and its maturing MSK and neural systems with the environment.

A

systems

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15
Q

In the systems theory, _______ are one of many influences on the control of posture and movement,

A

reflexes

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16
Q

__________ = change of shape, form structure and size of body and is a part of development.

A

growth

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17
Q

________ stops at maturation but __________ continues until death.

A

growth; development

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18
Q

Child ________ = how a child become sable to do more complex activities as he/she gets older.

A

development

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19
Q

Child development is a ______ that involves learning and mastering skills

A

process

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20
Q

What are the 5 main domains of development?

A
  1. cognitive
  2. social-emotional
  3. speech and language
  4. fine motor
  5. gross motor
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21
Q

______ = thinking skills, learning, understanding and problem solving

A

cognitive

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22
Q

______-______ = interacting with others, making friends, self control

A

social-emotional

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23
Q

______ and ________ = ability to understand and use language

A

speech and language

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24
Q

_____ _______ = ability to use small muscles, specifically in hand and fingers

A

fine motor

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25
______ ______ = ability to use large muscles to sit, maintain balance, walk and run
gross motor
26
Developmental _________ = set of functional skills or age specific tasks that most children can do at certain age ranges.
milestone
27
Milestones develop ______.
sequentially
28
One of the roles poe PT is to evaluate timing and ____ of developing milestones
quality
29
There is ________ in typical development , with ____-_____ "peaks and valleys" within children, across children and across developmental domains.
variability; non-linear
30
___ quarter: infants develop the ability to control their head i virtually al positions in space. This control is fine tuned in successive months.
1st
31
___ quarter: Major advances in control of the arms and upper trunk. Ability to control the destabilizing effects of arm movements and other parts of the body.
2nd
32
___ quarter: Mastery of control of the lower trunk and pelvis in upright position.
3rd
33
___ quarter: Development of milestones in mobility and control of lower parts of legs in conjunction with upright stance and overall postural control.
4th
34
What are the 3 types of postural reactions?
1. Righting reactions 2. Equilibrium reactions 3. Protective reactions
35
Goals of _____ reactions are to create efficient alignment of body parts so that COM is near centre of BPS and to see world upright.
righting
36
When do head, neck and body righting occur?
around 4 months
37
What is a clinical implication of righting reactions?
torticollis
38
Goals of _______ reactions if to adjust the body according the change to the body's orientation in space.
equilibrium
39
________ reactions prepares infant to transition smoothly from one position to another.
equilibrium
40
Equilibrium reactions first develop in _____, then _____, ______, _______ and finally standing.
prone; supine; sitting; quadruped
41
What are 3 examples of standing equilibrium reactions that continue into adulthood?
1. Hip 2. Knee 3. Ankle strategies
42
What is the sequence of positions that protective reactions develop in?
1. Forwards 2. Sideways 3. Backwards
43
In sitting, protective reactions emerge between ___-___ months.
4-9
44
In standing, protective reactions energy around ___-___ months.
12-24
45
What are the important points during birth - 3 months?
pelvis and legs must be stable base of support for prone propping, require weight shifting caudally.
46
What are 2 developments that occur in prone at 4-5 months?
1. props with extended elbows (pelvis and legs stabilize) | 2. pivots
47
What are 3 developments that occur in supine at 4-5 months?
1. feet to hands and mouth 2. no head lag in pull to sit 3. rolls
48
What are 3 developments that occur in sitting at 4-5 months?
1. Good head control 2. Turns head 3. May sustain sitting with arms propped
49
What is a development that occurs in standing at 4-5 months?
weight bears when well supported
50
What is a development that occurs in prone at 6-7 months?
reaches while propped on extended elbows
51
What are 3 developments that occur in sitting at 6-7 months?
1. Sits independently 2. Uses hands for play and exploration 3. May move in and out of sitting
52
What are 3 developments that occur in standing at 6-7 months?
1. Stands with support 2. Well-aligned 3. Bounces in standing
53
What is a development in mobility that occurs at 6-7 months?
may start commando crawling (often starts pushing backward)
54
What is a development that occurs in prone at 8-9 months?
gets into 4-point
55
What are 2 developments that occur in sitting at 8-9 months?
1. moves from sitting to prone | 2. pivots in sitting
56
What are 2 developments that occur in standing at 8-9 months?
1. may pull to stand | 2. may stand at furniture
57
What are 2 developments that occur in mobility at 8-9 months?
1. crawling on hands and knees (creeping) | 2. Typically starts with rocking in 4 point, crawling backwards, then progressing forwards
58
What is a development that occurs in prone and supine at 10-11 months?
typically does not stay in these positions
59
What is a development that occurs in sitting at 10-11 months?
may bum scoot
60
What are 3 developments that occurs in standing at 10-11 months?
1. Lowers from standing to sitting without falling 2. Picks up objects from floor with support 3, Stands hands free for a few seconds
61
What are 3 developments that occur in mobility at 10-11 months?
1. Crawls up stairs 2. Cruising 3. Walking with hands held 4. May start walking independently
62
At ___-___ months, the child can walk independently, transition up to stand at mid-floor, squat, picks up toys from floor hands-free, initiates kicking a ball, throws a ball, walks backwards and sideways a few steps, etc.
12-18
63
When does the asymmetrical tonic neck reflex occur?
0-4 months
64
What is the stimulus for asymmetrical tonic neck reflex ?
head rotation
65
What is the response of the asymmetrical tonic neck reflex?
arm and leg on face side are extended; arm and leg on scale side are flexed
66
When does the symmetrical tonic neck reflex occur?
6-8 months?
67
What is the stimulus for the symmetrical tonic neck reflex?
6-8 months
68
What is the stimulus for symmetrical tonic neck reflex?
Neck flexion or extension
69
What is the response of the symmetrical tonic neck reflex?
when the neck is in flexion, arms are extended; when neck is in extension, arms are extended and legs are flexed
70
Persistence of what infant reflex could be a sign of an UMN lesion?
palmar grasp
71
When does the palmar grasp reflex become present?
0-4 months?
72
What is the stimulus for the palmar grasp reflex?
pressure in palm on ulnar side of hand
73
What is the response of the palmar grasp reflex?
flexion of fingers causing strong grip
74
When does the plantar grasp reflex become present?
28 weeks gest. to 9-10 months
75
What is the stimulus for the plantar grasp reflex?
pressure to base of toes
76
What is the plantar grasp reflex response?
toe flexion
77
With the ______ reflex, stimulation of the sole of the foot causes extension of the big toe and fanning out of the rest of the toes.
babinski
78
How long does the babinski reflex last for? after this, what reflex should be seen?
2 years; toe flexion
79
When is the rooting reflex present?
28 weeks gest - 3 months
80
What is the stimulus for the rooting reflex?
touch to the cheek
81
what is the response of the rooting reflex?
turning head to same side with mouth open
82
When is the moro reflex present?
28 weeks gest - 5 months
83
what is the stimulation for the moro reflex?
head dropping into extension suddenly for a few inches
84
what is the response of the morrow reflex?
arms abduct with fingers open, then cross trunk into adduction; cry
85
When is the startle reflex present?
28 weeks gest. - 5 months
86
What is the stimulus for the startle reflex?
Loud, sudden noise
87
What is the response of the moro reflex?
Similar to moro response but elbows remain flexed and hands closed
88
When does the walking, or stepping reflex become present?
38 weeks gest. - 2 months
89
What is the stimulus for the walking (stepping) reflex?
Supported upright position with soles of feet on firm surface
90
What is the response of the walking (stepping) reflex?
reciprocal flexion/ extension of legs

PHTH 517 (16 decks)

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