Energy systems Flashcards
______ _______ = any bodily movement produced by skeletal muscle that results in a substantial increase in energy expenditure over resting levels.
Physical activity
_______ = physical activity performed on a repeated basis over an extended period of time with the intention of improving fitness or health
exercise
______ ______ = study of the body’s response to exercise and adaptation to exercise training to maximize human physical potential
exercise physiology
______ ______ = pattern of change in physiological variables during a single acute bout of physical exertion.
exercise response
What are the 4 things exercise response is based on?
- Exercise modality
- Exercise intensity
- Exercise duration
- Characteristics of the exerciser
What are the two main types of exercise?
- Aerobic
2. Resistance
What are the 3 domains of physical fitness?
- Cardiovascular-respiratory endurance
- Body composiiton
- Muscular fitness
A ________ is a fuel substance acted on by enzymes
substrate
The imbalance between _____:____ stimulates the breakdown of other stored energy-containing compounds to synthesize ATP.
ATP:ADP
What is the total net ATP production from glucose metabolism ?
32
Cytosol = _____ energy production
anaerobic
Mitochondria = _______ energy production
aerobic
_____ and ______ determine the energy system and metabolic mixtures used during exercise
intensity; duration
You could theoretically progress indefinitely when exercising assuming it is primarily reliant on aerobic energy system (T/F).
True!
What are 2 limitations to steady state rate aerobic metabolism?
- Fluid loss and electrolyte depletion
2. Maintaining adequate reserves of both liver glycogen for CNS function and muscle glycogen to power exercising
Blood lactate (does/does not) accumulate at all levels of exercise.
Does not
During light to moderate exercise, blood lactate production = rate of __________.
disappearance
When do blood and muscle lactate levels increase? Why does this happen?
When ATP formation fails to keep pace with its rate of use; the ETC cannot process all the hydrogen being produced
What energy system has the least trainability?
ATP-PCr
The anaerobic glycolysis system has a lot of potential for trainability (T/F)
TRUE
What occurs to the blood lactate threshold with training?
increases
Is plateau or peak in VO2 usually measured in clinical populations?
peak
As we age, VO2 max usually goes down due to what factor?
cardiac output
What are 7 factors affecting VO2 max?
- Heredity
- Gender
- Training state
- Body composition
- Age
- Exercise mode
- Clinical limitations
What is the minimal VO2 needed for independent function?
12-15 ml/kg/min
“bonking” or “hitting the wall” is a sensation endurance athletes can experience that most often corresponds to the depletion of what?
glycogen/glucose
Functional capacity is not impacted by gender, age and exercising testing method (T/F).
FALSE
What are the normative values for men 20-29 considered “superior”?
65+
What are the normative values for men 20-29 considered “fair”?
45-49
What are the normative values for women 20-29 considered “very poor”?
22-27
What are the normative values for women 20-29 considered “superior”?
56+
What are the normative values for women 20-29 considered “fair”?
35-40
