Li

Question 1

What was Li’s aim?

Answer 1

to investigate the effects on cognitive language & pre-academic skills in children who received either high or low-quality care at infant/toddler level & pre-school level

Question 2

how many hypotheses die Li have?

Answer 2

3

Question 3

what were the hypotheses of Li’s sttudy

Answer 3

• children who have high-quality care in infancy will have better cog outcomes but will reduce if doesn’t continue in pre-school
• good quality care in the preschool period will lead to improvements at 54 months
• high-quality care in both ages will be associated with higher cog, language, and pre-academic performance

Question 4

what was the sample?

Answer 4

1364 families recruited from 10 sample sites around North America in 1991 from various hospitals at birth of a child

Question 5

what age were the children assessed?

Answer 5

1 month

Question 6

how were the children assessed/procedure?

Answer 6

triangulation- observations, questionnaires, child assessment, and family background

Question 7

how long was the observation?

Answer 7

44 mins

Question 8

how was the quality of childcare being assessed?

Answer 8

Observational Record of the Caregiving Environment (ORCE)

Question 9

how old were the children when assessed?

Answer 9

6-54 months

Question 10

how was the quality of care rated?

Answer 10

using a scale
scores of more than 0.3 indicated higher-quality care-caregivers sensitive to children’s needs and provided greater cognitive stimulation

Question 11

how was the children’s cognitive development assessed?

Answer 11

Bayley Mental Developmental Index assessed IQ score

Question 12

at what age was the end of preschool?

Answer 12

54 months

Question 13

what was used to measure language, problem-solving, memory and intelligence?

Answer 13

the Woodcock-Johnson cognitive and achievement batteries and the Pre-school language scale

Question 14

what other measures were used in the experiment?

Answer 14

other factors considered to remove extraneous variables- ethnicity,gender,child temperament, maternal attitudes,maternal despression, family income

Question 15

what were the results of the study?

Answer 15

-early high care benefits cog development-however if you go into poor quality care during 2nd period you lose all of the benefits except memory(memory being only significant difference between high-low and low-low)
-little observable difference between outcomes produced by high-low Vs low-high quality childcare
high-high pattern produced the best outcomes- low-low patterns produced worst outcomes

Question 16

what were the conclusions gathered from the study?

Answer 16

• -high-quality care during first 24months important for memory development-not as beneficial for academic skill development
• high-quality preschool care prepared children for academic achievement-children who were also exposed to high-quality infant-toddler care benefitted most
• early exposure to good quality care that wasn’t maintained didn’t benefit children but maintained high-quality care resulted in greatest gains for children

Question 17

what was the high-low quality care diagram?

Answer 17

high-quality infant care+high-quality preschool care=high/high
high quality infant care+low quality preschool care=high/low
low quality infant care+high quality preschool care=low/high
low quality infant care+low quality preschool care-low/low

Question 18

AO3-GENERALISABILITY

Answer 18

-a sample of 1364 families recruits from 10 sample sites around North America-ethnocentric=not representative to collectivist culture +large sample=representative

Question 19

AO3-RELIABILITY

Answer 19

-quality of care assessed using 44 min observation=unreliable-subjective=invalid
+triangluation for each child=standardised-relaible

Question 20

AO3-APPLICABILITY

Answer 20

+useful for parent considering daycare

-socially sensitive-parents to blame for sending children to daycare and causing developmental issues

Question 21

AO3-VALIDITY

Answer 21

-used secondary data-data invalid-not used originally for the purpose of this study +use of secondary data makes it easier to collect and analyze large sample-more practical and generalisable
+triangluation-makes results in more valid
+used controls- less extraneous variables
+longitudinal study-valid

Question 22

AO3-ETHICS

Answer 22

+informed consent given by parents