leukaemia Flashcards

1
Q

ALL ages affected

A

under five

over 45

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2
Q

CLL ages affected

A

over 55

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3
Q

CML ages affected

A

over 65

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4
Q

AML ages affected

A

over 75

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5
Q

presentation

A
fatigue 
fever
FTT
pallor - anaemia 
petechia + brusing - thrombocytopenia 
abnormal bleeding 
lymphadenopathy 
hepatosplenomegaly
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6
Q

Bone marrow aspiration

A

taking a liquid sample full of cells from within the bone marrow.

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7
Q

Bone marrow trephine

A

involves taking a solid core sample of the bone marrow and provides a better assessment of the cells and structure.

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8
Q

Bone marrow biopsy

A

is usually taken from the iliac crest. It involves a local anaesthetic and a specialist needle. Samples from bone marrow aspiration can be examined straight away however a trephine sample requires a few days of preparation.

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9
Q

ALL

A

malignant change in lymphoid progenitor cells
acute proliferation of single lymphocyte

pancytopenia

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10
Q

ALL associations

A

Down syndrome

philadelphia chromosome

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11
Q

ALL blood film

A

blast cells

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12
Q

CLL

A

chronic proliferation of single type of well differentiated lymphocyte

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13
Q

richter’s transformation

A

when CLL transforms to high-grade lymphoma

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14
Q

CLL blood film

A

smear or smudge cells

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15
Q

CML: chronic phase

A

is often asymptomatic and patients are diagnosed incidentally with a raised white cell count.

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16
Q

CML: accelerated phase

A

abnormal blasts take up high proportion (10-20%)

more symptomatic

anaemia
thrombocytopenia
immunocompromised

17
Q

CML: blast phase

A

even higher proportion blasts >30%

severe symptoms
pancytopenia

18
Q

cytogenic change characteristic of CML

A

philadelphia chromosome

19
Q

philadelphia chromosome

A

translocation between chromosome 9 and 22

t(9:22) translocation

20
Q

AML can be result of

A

transformation from myeloproliferative disorder

21
Q

AML blood film

A

blast cells with rods in cytoplasm - Auer rods