leukaemia Flashcards
ALL ages affected
under five
over 45
CLL ages affected
over 55
CML ages affected
over 65
AML ages affected
over 75
presentation
fatigue fever FTT pallor - anaemia petechia + brusing - thrombocytopenia abnormal bleeding lymphadenopathy hepatosplenomegaly
Bone marrow aspiration
taking a liquid sample full of cells from within the bone marrow.
Bone marrow trephine
involves taking a solid core sample of the bone marrow and provides a better assessment of the cells and structure.
Bone marrow biopsy
is usually taken from the iliac crest. It involves a local anaesthetic and a specialist needle. Samples from bone marrow aspiration can be examined straight away however a trephine sample requires a few days of preparation.
ALL
malignant change in lymphoid progenitor cells
acute proliferation of single lymphocyte
pancytopenia
ALL associations
Down syndrome
philadelphia chromosome
ALL blood film
blast cells
CLL
chronic proliferation of single type of well differentiated lymphocyte
richter’s transformation
when CLL transforms to high-grade lymphoma
CLL blood film
smear or smudge cells
CML: chronic phase
is often asymptomatic and patients are diagnosed incidentally with a raised white cell count.