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haematology > haemolytic anaemia > Flashcards

haemolytic anaemia Flashcards

1
Q

what

A

destruction of RBCs (haemolysis) leading to anaemia

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2
Q

inherited hemolytic anaemias

A

hereditary spherocytosis
thalasseamia
sickle cell anaemia
G6PD deficiency

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3
Q

acquired haemolytic anaemias

A 
autoimmune hameolytic anaemia
alloimmune haemolytic anaemia
proxysmal haemolytic anaemia 
microangiopathic haemolytic anaemia 
prosthetic valve related haemolysis
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4
Q

features

A

anaemia
splenomegaly
jaundice

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5
Q

what does FBC show

A

normocytic anaemia

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6
Q

what does blood film show

A

schistocytes

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7
Q

direct coombs test result

A

positive if autoimmune haemolytic anaemia

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8
Q

hereditary spherocytosis: blood film

A

spherocytes

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9
Q

hereditary spherocytosis: Mx

A

folate supplements

splenectomy

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10
Q

hereditary spherocytosis: autosomal….

A

autosomal dominant

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11
Q

G6PD deficiency: inheritance

A

x-linked recessive

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12
Q

G6PD deficiency: blood film

A

Heinz bodies

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13
Q

G6PD deficiency: medications triggering haemolysis

A

primaquine
ciprofloxacin
sulfonylureas
sulfasalazine

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14
Q

autoimmune haemolytic anaemia

A

antibodies created against red blood cells

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15
Q

autoimmune haemolytic anaemia : warm type

A

idiopathic

CLL

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16
Q

autoimmune haemolytic anaemia: cold type

A

CHAD
lymphoma
infection: EBV, CMV, mycoplasma

17
Q

autoimmune haemolytic anaemia: Mx

A

blood transfusion
prednisilone
rituximab
splenectomy

18
Q

Alloimmune Haemolytic Anaemia: occurs when

A

foreign RBCs circulating in patients blood causing immune reaction
or
foreign antibody circulating in heir blood that targers their RBCs

19
Q

Alloimmune Haemolytic Anaemia: scenarios where this occurs

A

transfusion reactions

haemolytic disease of newborn

20
Q

Alloimmune Haemolytic Anaemia: haemolytic transfusion reactions

A

immune system produces antibodies against antigens on foreign RBCs

–> destruction of RBCs

21
Q

Alloimmune Haemolytic Anaemia: haemolytic disease of newborn

A

antibodies cross placenta from mum to baby

maternal antibodies target antigens on featal RBCs

22
Q

microangiopathic haemolytic anaemia

A

small blood vesels have structural abnormalities that cause haemolysis of blood cells travelling hrough them

  • DIC
  • HUS
  • TTP
  • SLE
23
Q

prosthetic valve haemolysis

A

haemolyic anaemia key complication of prosthetic heart valves

due to turbulence around valve and collision of RBCs with implanted valve

24
Q

prosthetic valve haemolysis Mx

A

monioring
oral iron
blood tranfusion if severe
?revision surgery

haematology (32 decks)

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