blood transfusion complications Flashcards
Non-haemolytic febrile reaction
antibodied react with white cell fragments in blood product and cytokines that have leaked from blood cell during storage
Non-haemolytic febrile reaction - features
fever
chills
Non-haemolytic febrile reaction - Mx
slow or stop transfusion
paracetamol
monitor
minor allergic reaction
thought to be caused by foreign plasma proteins
minor allergic reaction - features
pruritus
urticaria
minor allergic reaction - Mx
temporarily stop infusion
antihistamine
monitor
anaphylaxis - features
hypotension
dyspnoea
wheezing
angioedema
anaphlyaxis - Mx
stop transfusion
IM adrenaline
ABCD support: oxygen, fluids
acute haemolytic reaction - cause
ABO incompatibility
acute haemolytic reaction - features
fever
abdo pain
hypotension
acute haemolytic reaction - Mx
stop transfusion
confirm diagnosis: send blood for coombs test, repeat cross match
supportive Rx e.g. fluid resus
transfusion-assoc circulatory overload - features
pulmonary oedema
hypertension
transfusion-assoc circulatory overload - Mx
slow/stop transfusion
consider IV loop diuretic e.g. furosemide
transfusion-related acute lung injury - wha
Non-cardiogenic pulmonary oedema thought to be secondary to increased vascular permeability caused by host neutrophils that become activated by substances in donated blood
transfusion-related acute lung injury - features
hypoxia
CXR infiltrates
fever
hypotension
