lessons 2.3-2.4: cell membrane and transport Flashcards
3 types of passive transport:
diffusion, osmosis, and facilitated transport
active transport is when..?
energy stored in ATP is required
what are some types of active transport?
protein pumps, exocytosis, endocytosis (phagocytosis and pinocytosis)
what is diffusion?
the movement of particles from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration
particles in diffusion are usually what?
small and lipid soluble (dissolves in lipids)
what is easily diffused?
glycerol, water, and alcohol
what might affect the rate of diffusion?
temperature, particle size, concentration gradient, and density
the __________ the concentration gradient, the _________ the rate of diffusion.
greater, faster
smaller particles diffuse ________ than larger ones
faster
what is the plasma membrane described as?
selectively permiable
particles can move across the membrane depending on what?
size, concentration gradient, and whether it is lipid soluble or not
what does it mean if a molecule or ion is lipid insoluble?
it cannot easily pass through the tails of the bi-layer
polar molecules and ions are lipid __________
insoluble
what can lipid insoluble molecules use to pass more easily through the bi-layer?
protein channel
when is a mechanism of transport considered PASSIVE
when it doesnt require the energy stored in ATP
what are the 3 types of passive transport
diffusion, osmosis, and facilitated transport
what type of transport is it when it required the energy stored in ATP
active
what are types of active transport
protein pumps, exocytosis, phagocytosis, and pinocytosis
what are phagocytosis and pinocytosis mechanisms of?
endocytosis
the ___________ the concentration gradient, the _________ the rate of diffusion
greater, faster
what happens during osmosis?
water moves from high concentration to low concentration of water
what is a solute?
particles dissolved in water
what is a solvent?
liquid that dissolves solute
what is a solution?
solute and solvent
what is osmotic pressure?
pressure due to the flow of water from a greater concentration to a lower concentration
according to the law of diffusion, water will move from where it is ______ concentrated to where it is _____ concentrated
more, less
what happens to something placed in an ISOTONIC solution?
equal water going in and out, stays the same
what happens to something placed in a HYPERTONIC solution?
losing water more than it is gaining, shrinks (crenation)
what happens to something placed in a hypotonic solution?
gains water more than it is losing, swells and may burst
what might affect the rate of diffusion?
temperature, particle size, concentration gradient, and density
