leason 1.4: pH, acids, bases, and buffers. Flashcards
what are indicators?
compounds that reveal pH level with a change in colour
what do acid chemical formulas normally start with?
H
what do base chemical formulas normally end with?
OH
what does it mean if the litmus paper is blue?
basic
what does it mean if the litmus paper is red?
acidic
acids are compounds that _______ in water and release _______.
dissolve, H+ ions.
bases are compounds that _______ in water and release __________ ions.
dissolve, OH-.
the pH of a solution refers to the concentration of _____________ ions.
H+/hydrogen
what happens when a solution has both high H+ and OH-?
they cancel each other out and form water, the process is called neutralization
what type of solution is it if the number is lower on the pH scale?
acidic
what type of solution is it if the number is higher on the pH scale?
basic
what does it mean if the solutions pH is 7?
it is neutral
what is the pH calculation formula?
pH = -log[H+]
what is the number difference between a pH of 10 and a pH of 4?
pH of 10 is 1,000,000 more basic than a pH of 4. 10-4=6 ~> 6 0’s behind the 1
why do all living things need to maintain a constant pH?
if the pH changes, it causes the enzymes to denature (stop working).
what is a buffer?
a chemical or combination of chemicals that can take up hydrogen or hydroxide ions. buffers resist the changes in pH and keep it relatively constant
when is salt formed?
salt is formed in a neutralization reaction between an acid and base happens
