lesson 1.7: lipids. Flashcards
lipids are a general term for compounds that are…?
not soluble in water
lipids are ________ and are soluble in ____________ solvents.
hydrophobic, hydrophobic
6 examples of lipids
fats
phospholipids
oils
waxes
steroid hormones
triglycerides
6 functions of lipids
long term energy storage
insulation against heat loss
protection for internal organs
protection against water loss
chemical messenger
major comp. of cell membranes
why are they called SATURATED fatty acids?
because all carbons are saturated with hydrogen
what bonds do UNSATURATED fatty acids have?
double bonds
what bonds do SATURATED fatty acids have?
single bonds
whats the difference between the hydrogens in SATURATED and UNSATURATED fatty acids?
SATURATED has the maximum number of hydrogens bonded to the carbons, UNSATURATED has less
why are UNSATURATED fatty acids liquid at room temperature?
because of the double bonds, there is space between the bonds therefore space for things to move therefore it is a liquid
give examples of SATURATED fatty acids we use in the kitchen
butter, margarine, shortening
give an example of UNSATURATED fatty acids we use in the kitchen
any type of oil
triglycerides are also called what?
neutral fats
how are triglycerides formed?
through dehydration synthesis between glycerol, a molecule of 3 hydrated carbons and 3 fatty acids
what are SATURATED fats found in?
mostly animal products
what is TRANS fat?
unsaturated fats that are partially saturated with hydrogen to extend shelf life. we cannot digest these fats
how is soap made?
combining a base with a fatty acid
what does soap do to oil in water?
soap molecules surround the oil droplets at their polar ends and project outwards, causing the oil to disperse in water
what is the process called when soap disperses oil in water?
emulsification
what do dietary fats largely consist of?
triglyceride
what links the fatty acids to glycerol in triglyceride?
dehydration synthesis
what are the lipids called in cell membranes
phospholipids
phospholipids have a head and tails, what does the head do and the tails do
the head is hydrophilic and attracts water, while the tails are hydrophobic and repel water
which is polar and non polar when referring to the head and tails of a phospholipid?
the head is polar and the tails are nonpolar
why is it called a “phospholipid bilayer”
because it is two layers of phospholipids
what does it mean if a chain is “kinked”?
there is a double bond
polar means theres a _________ difference
slight
what does the carbon skeleton form
4 fused rings
what does cholesterol do?
helps your body produce other steroids
what can steroids function as?
chemical messengers
what can steroids form?
hormones
give 3 examples of hormones
testosterone, estrogen, and aldosterone
what are synthetic anabolic steroids?
variants of testosterone that can cause health risks when taken
