lesson 1.6: proteins. Flashcards
what do polypeptides contain?
carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and sulfur
what are proteins? what is the bond called
also called polypeptides, proteins are amino acids. peptides bonds
six roles of proteins
storage (albumin, egg white)
transport (hemoglobin)
regulatory (hormones, insulin)
movement (muscles, actin and myosin)
structural (membranes, hair, keratin)
enzymes (cellular reactions, pepsin and lipase)
what are the three main functions of organic macromolecules?
movement, metabolic functions, and provide structural support
what are the 4 metabolic functions?
enzymes, antibodies, transport, hormones
what are the three groups in amino acids?
amino, carboxyl, remainder
what does the amine group do?
acts like a base, picks up H+ ions
what does the carboxyl group do?
acts like an acid, releases H+ ions
what is the chemical formula for an anime group?
NH2
what is the chemical formula for a carboxyl group?
COOH
how many amino acids are there? how many do we produce and how many are essential?
20, 11, 9
why are they called “essential amino acids”?
because they are the ones we cant produce but still need in our body
how do amino acids join together? what is the bond called
dehydration synthesis, peptide bonds
what is it called when two amino acids join together?
dipeptide
peptide bonds are __________ bonds
covalent
what is a protein? how many amino acids?
polypeptide chain, usually around 75 or more
what are the 4 structure levels of organization of a protein
primary: line
secondary: alpha helix
tertiary: formed “glob”
quaternary: assembled chain
what is hemoglobin?
the oxygen carrying protein, made of four polypeptide chains
shape is critical to a proteins function, what causes a protein to change in shape?
change in temperature or pH
what does it mean if a protein has been “denatured”?
it has lost its normal structure/shape because the normal bonding between remainder groups has been disturbed
give 2 examples of proteins being denatured
cooking eggs, adding vinegar to milk
