lesson 3.2: protein synthesis, 2 step process Flashcards
what is a gene?
segment of DNA that specifies the amino acid sequence of a protein
what do genes do?
pass their info to RNA
why is RNA necessary in all organisms?
bc it is required for protein synthesis to occur
what are some similarities between DNA and RNA?
similar chemical organization and both consist of similar subunits
whats the difference between DNA and RNA?
DNA has DEOXYribose sugar, meaning one less sugar than RNA’s ribose. DNA is double stranded, RNA is single. DNA has thymine while RNA has uracil
what are the 3 subunits of DNA and RNA?
5-carbon sugar (deoxyribose or ribose)
phosphate group
nitrogenous base
where does RNA leave and go to?
leaves the nucleus then goes into the cytoplasm
what is the enzyme involved in transcription called?
RNA polymerase
where does transcription occur?
in the nucleus
what are the 3 types of RNA?
messenger RNA (mRNA)
transfer RNA (tRNA)
ribosomal RNA (rRNA)
what are the two steps involved in protein synthesis?
transcription - genetic info is transferred from DNA to RNA
translation - RNA transcript directs the sequence of amino acids in the polypeptide chain (protein)
what is the process of transcription?
DNA unwinds to become two strands called a template and a sense, complimentary RNA bases are brought in and attach to the template strand, RNA strand is released, DNA rewinds, creating the mRNA strand
what is cut out of mRNA and what is added?
introns are cut out, a poly “A” tail (many adenine) is added to the 3’ end, and a cap is added to the 5’ end
replication vs transcription, what are the similarities and difference
replication: DNA, primer
transcription: RNA, promoter
both build towards the 5’ end
what happens during the first part of transcription?
enzyme RNA polymerase binds to promoter (special nucleotide sequence) on DNA, opens up the DNA helix
what happens in the second half of transcription?
base pairing occurs and RNA polymerase joins the RNA nucleotides, forming an RNA molecule
what is a gene?
segment of DNA that specifies the amino acid sequence of a protein
what do genes do?
pass their info to RNA
RNA is the genetic material of some ____________ and is necessary in all organisms for _________ ____________ to occur.
viruses, protein synthesis
what are some similarities that DNA and RNA have with each other?
they have a similar chemical organization and each of their nucleotides are composed of 3 subunits: a sugar, phosphate group, and nitrogenous base
what are the differences between DNA and RNA
DNA has DEOXY-ribose sugar, meaning one less oxygen than ribose, RNA is single stranded while DNA is double, and RNA contains uracil while DNA contains thymine
what is the enzyme involved in transcription called?
RNA polymerase
