lesson 1.8: nucleic acids and ATP. Flashcards
what are the two types of nucleic acids
deoxyribonucleic acid - DNA
ribonucleic acid - RNA
what does DNA do?
makes up chromosomes and genes, controls cell activity, cell division, and protein synthesis.
what does RNA do?
works with DNA to direct protein synthesis
what are nucleic acids composed of? how are they linked?
nucleotides, dehydration synthesis
DNA consists if two anti parallel strains of nucleic acids, what does anti parallel mean?
similar to a highway, one strand goes one way and the other goes the opposite
creat the complementary stand of the following sequence:
ATCGGTAGCGTA
TAGCCATCGCAT
what is DNA code in?
triplet codons
the sequence of ______________ in DNA indicate a sequence of __________ __________ in a protein
nucleotides, amino acids
what are nucleic acids made of?
nucleotides
what are the 3 parts of nucleotides?
5 carbon sugars, a nitrogen containing base, and a phosphate group
what are the 4 bases in a DNA nucleotide?
adenine, guanine, thymine, and cytosine
what is the differences between DNA and RNA?
DNA has deoxyribose instead of ribose in RNA, and RNA contains uracil instead of thymine
which bases are pyrimidine and purine?
uracil, thymine, and cytosine are pyrimidine
adenine and guanine are purine
how many hydrogen bonds between adenine and thymine?
2
how many hydrogen bonds between cytosine and guanine
3
what is the structure called in DNA?
double helix
what does RNA help DNA with?
direct protein synthesis, carry information to the DNA, and directs ribosomes
what is ATP? what is it used for? how is it made?
adenosine triphosphate, used by cells for energy, made of a nucleotide and 3 phosphate groups
where do you find energy in ATP?
in the chemical bonds
what releases energy from ATP?
breaking the last phosphate
what also happens when you break the last phosphate in ATP?
ADP (adenosine diphosphate) is produce and a free phosphate
what does ADP do?
it can be rejoined to the free phosphate to make more ATP
where is ATP produced?
in the mitochondria during cell respiration
what is the reaction called when ATP produces ADP?
hydrolysis
