Lesson Plan 11 Foam Flashcards
There are two basic types of foam;
Chemical foam and mechanical foam
The two basic ingredients of foam are ____ and _____
gas / liquid
The types of mechanical foams inlcude:
Protein/Flouroprotein
Synthetic Detergent
AFFF (Aqueous Film Forming Foam)
Mechanical foam is formed by mixing _____ and a liquid ______ agent with a ____, which is typically ____.
water; foaming; gas; air
In all foams, the bubble functions as a vehicle to _____ ____ to the fire.
carry water
Foam has proven to be the ____ _____ means of controlling and extinguishing fires for most _____ _____ (Class _), and is used successfully on ____ _ materials where penetration of water into deep-seated fires is important.
most effective; flammable liquids/Class B; Class A
____ is the gaseous agent in modern foams, and ____ is the main ingredient (____ to ____) of each bubble’s wall.
Air; water; 95%-99%
The remaining 1% to 5% of the bubble’s wall is made up of ____ ____
foaming agent
Foams can control and extinguish flammable liquid in a variety of ways, name the 5 listed:
- Exclude O2 from flammable vapors, smothering the flames
- Cool the fuel surface with the water
- Content of the foam (which relates to chemical foam containing CO2
- Prevent release of flammable vapors from the fuel surface
- Chemically absorb the heat created
The 3 components of firefighting foam _____, ____ _____, and ____ are combined using a ________ that meters a prescribed amount of foam concentrate in to the water flow and a nozzle (_____ ____) with an air inlet (_____) or mechanical agitator (______ _____). The water and foam liquid solution mixed at the proportioner passes on to the foam nozzle which introduces ____ into the mixture to generate foam.
water; foam concentrate; air; proportioner; foam generator; aspirating; spinning teeth; air
4 methods of proportioning are
Induction
Injection
Batch mixing
Premixing
Class A foam concentrates are used primarily for controlling or preventing fires involving _____ ______; acting as a _____, reducing the _____ _____ of the water which allows the water to easily penetrate the burning material. The foam properties allow for a blanket of foam to be created to protect ______ areas or prevent ______.
ordinary combustibles; surfactant; surface tension; unburned; re-ignition
Class A foam may also be used as a _______ agent for Class B _____ (_____) flammable liquid spills especially when the spill/fire involves Class A materials.
smothering; hydrocarbon / non-polar
Class A foam should not be routinely used on fuel spills deeper than ___ and should never be mixed with ______ foams.
1/2” ; AFFF
Class A foam is _____, ____ and _____, making it a first choice for firefighting operations.
non-corrosive; non-toxic; biodegradable
Using Class A foam makes water up to ____ ____ more effective on Class A fires.
5 times
Proportioned rates for Class A foams vary from ____ to ____. In the COB we use ____ as our default for structural firefighting. ____ to ____ is used for wildland or grass fires. ___ to ___ may be used to create a thick foam blanket to stop flame spread or smother a fuel/spill fire.
0.1% - 1.0%; 0.1%; 0.3% - 0.5%; 0.5% - 1.0%
T/F - AFFF foams are not environment friendly
T
AFFF is the standard product in situations where hydrocarbon fuels are the major risk. What are the 4 advantages
- Excellent fire performance
- Use in a wide variety of equipment
- Long storage life
- The AFFF/ATC concentrates are used on a wide range of polar and nonpolar flammable liquids and may be used on ordinary combustibles
Effectiveness of AFFF stems from its ability to cause a ____ ____ of water solution to float on top of ____ ______ liquids. When applied, they not only form a foam blanket, but they also develop an _____ _____ that drains from the foam and forms a ____ ___ which restricts the emission of flammable vapors.
thin film; non-polar flammable; aqueous film; vapor seal
T/F AFFF is dependent upon foam expansion (air entrapment) for its fire extinguishing effeciency
False - provides the aqueous film as well
Protein/fluoroprotein and synthetic foams attack the fire tetrahedron from ____ sides. The foam blanket ______ _____. Water in the bubble takes away ____. Until a complete foam blanket is established, no effective _____ _____ of the fuel can take place.
2; excludes O2; heat; vapor sealing
AFFF and AFFF/ATC foams, in contrast from Protein/Synthetic foams, perform all ____ functions of the fire triangle. The foam blanket _____ ____. Water in the bubbles takes away ____ and the _____ ____ slows vaporization, thus cutting off the _____ of the ____ to the fire.
3; excludes O2; heat; aqueous film; supply; fuel
Novacool is a _____ ____ ___ (___) that uses a chemical reaction along with the benefits of foam to extinguish and control the fire by cooling. It can be used on ______, ____, and ___ fires.
Universal Extinguishing Agent (UEA); Class A / B / D
