Lesson Plan 11 Foam

Question 0

There are two basic types of foam;

Answer 0

Chemical foam and mechanical foam

Question 1

The two basic ingredients of foam are ____ and _____

Answer 1

gas / liquid

Question 2

The types of mechanical foams inlcude:

Answer 2

Protein/Flouroprotein
Synthetic Detergent
AFFF (Aqueous Film Forming Foam)

Question 3

Mechanical foam is formed by mixing _____ and a liquid ______ agent with a ____, which is typically ____.

Answer 3

water; foaming; gas; air

Question 4

In all foams, the bubble functions as a vehicle to _____ ____ to the fire.

Answer 4

carry water

Question 5

Foam has proven to be the ____ _____ means of controlling and extinguishing fires for most _____ _____ (Class _), and is used successfully on ____ _ materials where penetration of water into deep-seated fires is important.

Answer 5

most effective; flammable liquids/Class B; Class A

Question 6

____ is the gaseous agent in modern foams, and ____ is the main ingredient (____ to ____) of each bubble’s wall.

Answer 6

Air; water; 95%-99%

Question 7

The remaining 1% to 5% of the bubble’s wall is made up of ____ ____

Answer 7

foaming agent

Question 8

Foams can control and extinguish flammable liquid in a variety of ways, name the 5 listed:

Answer 8

• Exclude O2 from flammable vapors, smothering the flames
• Cool the fuel surface with the water
• Content of the foam (which relates to chemical foam containing CO2
• Prevent release of flammable vapors from the fuel surface
• Chemically absorb the heat created

Question 9

The 3 components of firefighting foam _____, ____ _____, and ____ are combined using a ________ that meters a prescribed amount of foam concentrate in to the water flow and a nozzle (_____ ____) with an air inlet (_____) or mechanical agitator (______ _____). The water and foam liquid solution mixed at the proportioner passes on to the foam nozzle which introduces ____ into the mixture to generate foam.

Answer 9

water; foam concentrate; air; proportioner; foam generator; aspirating; spinning teeth; air

Question 10

4 methods of proportioning are

Answer 10

Induction
Injection
Batch mixing
Premixing

Question 11

Class A foam concentrates are used primarily for controlling or preventing fires involving _____ ______; acting as a _____, reducing the _____ _____ of the water which allows the water to easily penetrate the burning material. The foam properties allow for a blanket of foam to be created to protect ______ areas or prevent ______.

Answer 11

ordinary combustibles; surfactant; surface tension; unburned; re-ignition

Question 12

Class A foam may also be used as a _______ agent for Class B _____ (_____) flammable liquid spills especially when the spill/fire involves Class A materials.

Answer 12

smothering; hydrocarbon / non-polar

Question 13

Class A foam should not be routinely used on fuel spills deeper than ___ and should never be mixed with ______ foams.

Answer 13

1/2” ; AFFF

Question 14

Class A foam is _____, ____ and _____, making it a first choice for firefighting operations.

Answer 14

non-corrosive; non-toxic; biodegradable

Question 15

Using Class A foam makes water up to ____ ____ more effective on Class A fires.

Answer 15

5 times

Question 16

Proportioned rates for Class A foams vary from ____ to ____. In the COB we use ____ as our default for structural firefighting. ____ to ____ is used for wildland or grass fires. ___ to ___ may be used to create a thick foam blanket to stop flame spread or smother a fuel/spill fire.

Answer 16

0.1% - 1.0%; 0.1%; 0.3% - 0.5%; 0.5% - 1.0%

Question 17

T/F - AFFF foams are not environment friendly

Answer 17

T

Question 18

AFFF is the standard product in situations where hydrocarbon fuels are the major risk. What are the 4 advantages

Answer 18

1. Excellent fire performance
2. Use in a wide variety of equipment
3. Long storage life
4. The AFFF/ATC concentrates are used on a wide range of polar and nonpolar flammable liquids and may be used on ordinary combustibles

Question 19

Effectiveness of AFFF stems from its ability to cause a ____ ____ of water solution to float on top of ____ ______ liquids. When applied, they not only form a foam blanket, but they also develop an _____ _____ that drains from the foam and forms a ____ ___ which restricts the emission of flammable vapors.

Answer 19

thin film; non-polar flammable; aqueous film; vapor seal

Question 20

T/F AFFF is dependent upon foam expansion (air entrapment) for its fire extinguishing effeciency

Answer 20

False - provides the aqueous film as well

Question 21

Protein/fluoroprotein and synthetic foams attack the fire tetrahedron from ____ sides. The foam blanket ______ _____. Water in the bubble takes away ____. Until a complete foam blanket is established, no effective _____ _____ of the fuel can take place.

Answer 21

2; excludes O2; heat; vapor sealing

Question 22

AFFF and AFFF/ATC foams, in contrast from Protein/Synthetic foams, perform all ____ functions of the fire triangle. The foam blanket _____ ____. Water in the bubbles takes away ____ and the _____ ____ slows vaporization, thus cutting off the _____ of the ____ to the fire.

Answer 22

3; excludes O2; heat; aqueous film; supply; fuel

Question 23

Novacool is a _____ ____ ___ (___) that uses a chemical reaction along with the benefits of foam to extinguish and control the fire by cooling. It can be used on ______, ____, and ___ fires.

Answer 23

Universal Extinguishing Agent (UEA); Class A / B / D

Question 24

How fast can Novacool take for the energy transfer from fire to water via the photochemical reaction

Answer 24

.001 up to .000001 of a second that 10 to the negative 3 to 10 to the negative 6 power

Question 25

Using our in line eductors; what are the nozzles set at for proper gpm and nozzle pressure. What is the maximum hose length from the eductor and pressure at the eductor.

Answer 25

95 gpm or 125 gpm with a nozzle pressure of 100 psi. Max distance from the eductor is 150’ with a pressure at the eductor at 200 psi

Question 26

Proportioning devices (inline eductors) are designed to meter the AFFF at the proper concentrations (____, ____, or ___) in the water stream

Answer 26

1%, 3%, 6%

Question 27

Eductors use the ______ principle to pull the foam concentrate into the water stream

Answer 27

venturi

Question 28

What prevents water from flowing back into the pickup tube and concentration container of an inline eductor.

Answer 28

ball check valve

Question 29

Eductors operate on _____ ____, the water volume through an area, not ____ ____

Answer 29

water flow; water pressure

Question 30

Generally, _____% or more on the inlet pressure is lost in the _____. For this reason, most eductor manufacturers recommend a minimum inlet pressure of _____ psi

Answer 30

40%; eductor; 200

Question 31

Most BFD apparatus are equipped with on-board foam proportioning systems. These are ____ ______ - _____ ____ - _____ _____ systems. This system can provide a foam solution in ratios from _____ to ____%

Answer 31

variable flow - variable rate - direct injection systems; 0.1% - 3%

Question 32

Novacool is used at a rate of ____%

Answer 32

0.4%

Question 33

When approaching a hazard requiring foam, the firefighter must determine 3 specific questions

Answer 33

What is the hazard (fire or non-ignited spill)
What is the fuel (polar i.e. ethanol or non-polar ie gasoline)
What is the area of the hazard (ft/2)

Question 34

With gasoline fires (non-polar) Novacool should be used for initial attack at _____ %

Answer 34

0.4%

Question 35

For ethanol or polar fires, Novacool should be used at ____%

Answer 35

1%

Question 36

Emergencies involving spills (non-ignited) spill control is conducted in 4 separate steps:

Answer 36

Identification
Containment
Control
Removal

Question 37

Fire in ordinary combustible materials, such as wood, cloth, paper, rubber and many plastics

Answer 37

Class A fires

Question 38

Fires in flammable liquids, oils, greases, tars, oil based paints, lacquers, and flammable gases

Answer 38

Class B fires

Question 39

Fires which involve energized electrical equipment where the electrical non-conductivity of the extinguished media is of importance.

Answer 39

Class C fires

Question 40

Fires in combustible metals, such as magnesium, titanium, zirconium, sodium, lithium, and potassium

Answer 40

Class D fires

Question 41

Novacool definition: A UEF (______ _____ ____) for use in initial attack on Class __, ___ and __ fires, most often used at ____% except on alcohol type fuels where it is used at ____%

Answer 41

Universal Extinguishing Agent; A/B/D fires; 0.4%; 1.0%