IFSTA HAZMAT Ch 1

Question 1

CBRNE stands for:

Answer 1

Chemical
Biological
Radiological
Nuclear
Explosive

Question 2

Are NFPA standards for hazmat recommendations, laws or regulations?

Answer 2

Recommendations unless adopted as such by authority having jurisdiction.

Question 3

What are the NFPA’s hazmat requirement standards?

Answer 3

NFPA 472 - Standard for Professional Competence of Responders
NFPA 473 - Standard for Competencies for EMS Personnel

Question 4

Personnel trained to the Awareness and Operations Core Levels perform only what type of tasks at hazmat incidents?

Answer 4

Defensive - Operations Missions-Specific competencies allow responders to perform defensive and limited offensive actions

Question 5

Offensive tasks allowed by OSHA involving flammable liquid and gas of the following materials:

Answer 5

Gasoline
Diesel fuel
Natural gas
Liquefied petroleum gas (LPG)

Question 6

What is TRACEM hazards?

Answer 6

Thermal
Radiological 
Asphyxiation
Chemical (poisons, corrosives, irritants, convulsants
Etiological / biological
Mechanical

Question 7

Thermal hazards are related to :

Answer 7

Temperature extremes

Question 8

What are examples of cold exposure hazards?

Answer 8

Cryogenic and liquefied gasses (propane / carbon dioxide)

Question 9

How are cryogenic stored / transported?

Answer 9

In their liquid states (a gas turns in to liquid at or below -130 degrees)

Question 10

Elevated temperature material is defined as:

Answer 10

Liquid phase at temp at or above 212 degrees F
Liquid phase with a flash point at or above 100 F
Solid phase at a temp at or above 464 F

Question 11

What is the least energetic form of radiation (radiological hazards)?

Answer 11

Non-ionizing radiation (visible light and radio waves)

Question 12

What is the most energetic and hazardous form of radiation?

Answer 12

Ionizing radiation (greatest concern for first responders)

Question 13

Types of ionizing radiation?

Answer 13

Alpha - blocked by skin
Beta - can be reduced or stopped by a layer of clothing
Gamma - photons - can easily pass through the body
Neutron - they cause the release of secondary radiation when interacting with the human body

Question 14

What are the two categories of radiation doses:

Answer 14

Acute doses

Chronic doses

Question 15

What are asphyxiation hazards?

Answer 15

Substances that affect the oxygenation of the body and generally lead to suffocation

Question 16

Two types of asphyxiants

Answer 16

Simple - displace oxygen necessary for breathing

Chemical - substances that prohibit the body fro using oxygen

Question 17

Types of chemical hazards:

Answer 17

Toxins/poisons
Irritants
Convulsants
Corrosives
Carcinogens
Sensitized / allergens

Question 18

With the exception of liquid and gas fuels, what hazard comprise the largest usage in industry

Answer 18

Corrosives

Question 19

How are corrosives divided in to categories

Answer 19

Acids and bases

Question 20

What is the pH range for Acids

Answer 20

0 - 6.9

Question 21

What is the pH range for bases (alkalis)

Answer 21

8 - 14 and are water soluble

Question 22

What are irritant hazards

Answer 22

Toxins that cause temporary but sometimes severe inflammation to the eyes, skin or respiratory system

Question 23

What are carcinogens

Answer 23

Cancer-causing agents (polyvinyl chloride, benzene, asbestos

Question 24

Allergens -

Answer 24

Material that can cause an allergic reaction of the skin or respiratory system - latex, bleach, urushiol (poison oak,ivy)

Question 25

What are biological / Etiological hazards

Answer 25

Microorganism so such as viruses or bacteria that may cause severe, disabling disease or illness

Question 26

Name examples of biological hazards:

Answer 26

Viruses - simplest types of microorganisms (do not respond to antibiotics) only grow in living cells
Bacteria - single-called organisms
Rickettsias - specialized bacteria that live and multiply in the gastrointestinal tract of fleas/ticks
Biological Toxins - i.e. Botulinum toxin and ricin

Question 27

Two most common types of Mechanical hazards are:

Answer 27

Striking - result of an explosion

Friction - result of portions of the body rubbing against an abrasive surface

Question 28

Explosions can cause 4 hazards (3 mechanical 1 thermal):

Answer 28

Blast-pressure wave (shock wave); primary reason for injuries
Shrapnel fragmentation- small pieces of debris
Seismic effect - earth vibration
Incendiary thermal effect - explosion creates thermal heat

Question 29

CDC defines routes of entry as:

Answer 29

Inhalation
Ingestion
Skin Contact
(Also injection and absorption)

Question 30

What are the 4 main agencies involved in the regulations of hazardous materials?

Answer 30

DOT
EPA
DOL
NRC - Nuclear Regulatory Commission

Question 31

DOT regulates transportation of hazardous materials in what modes?

Answer 31

Air, highway, pipeline, rail and water under Title 49 CFR

Question 32

The _______ _______ _______ is designed to ensure that information about chemical hazards and associated protective measures is disseminated to workers / employers under the _____.

Answer 32

Hazard Communication Standard / DOL

Question 33

What is the NRC’s primary mission?

Answer 33

Protect the public’s health and safety and the environment from the effects of radiation from nuclear reactors, materials and waste facilities. Under Title 10 CFR 20

Question 34

What are hazardous materials defined as?

Answer 34

Substances that possess harmful characteristics (hazmat) or dangerous goods in Canada