Essentials Ch 20 Flashcards
What are the components that make up a typical alarm system (4 items)?
FACP Power supplies Initiating devices Notification appliances Pg 1178
Notification appliances fall under the four categories which can be used in any combination:
Audible (most common) -horns, bells or speakers
Visual - approved lighting devices as strobes/flashing lights
Textual - visual text or symbols indicating a fire/emergency
Tactile - indication of a fire or emergency condition through sense of touch or vibration
Pg 1180
Initiating devices may be _______ operated or ________.
Manually (pull stations) or automatic (smoke detectors)
Pg 1180
A protected premises system is also called:
Local alarm system notifying building occupants only.
Pg 1182
Three basic types of local alarm systems:
Noncoded- any alarm initiating device sets off the alarm with no way of identifying the area
Zoned/annunciated- a general location of zone is identified
Addressable- panel displays the location of each initiating device
Pg 1182
A _____ _____ alarm system continuously monitors a remote location for the purpose of reporting a supervisory, trouble, or alarm signal to the appropriate authorities.
Supervising station -predominant types of signal-monitoring systems in the US
Pg 1183
Types of supervising station systems include:
Auxiliary alarm systems Proprietary systems Central station systems Remote receiving systems Pg 1183
Automatic initiating devices are designed to detect ______, ______, _____ _____, _______, or a combination of these.
Heat, smoke, fire gases, flame
Pg 1184
What are colors used for manual pull stations?
Required to be red with white lettering that specifies what the device is and how to use it.
Pg 1185
Heat detectors activate when the ________ in a monitored area reaches a _______ threshold. They all operate on two different principles:
Temperature / predetermined / fixed-temperature and rate of rise
Pg 1185
What type of heat detector is least prone to fail, yet may also be the slowest to activate?
Fixed temperature heat detector
Common living spaces are set to 165º, where attic spaces and other areas subjected to elevated temperatures are rated at 200º
Pg 1186
Fixed temperature heat detectors activate by one or more of three mechanisms:
Expansion of heated material
Melting of heated material
Changes in resistance of heated material
Pg 1186
There are 4 different designs for fixed temperature heat detectors:
Fusible devices- fusible link or metal strip held in place by solder
Frangible bulbs - air bubble in liquid when heated expands
Continuous line detector - uses a wire which responds to heat
Bimetallic detector - uses two metals that have different thermal expansion characteristics
Pg 1187
______ ___ ____ ____ detectors operate on the assumption that the temperature in a room will increase faster from a fire than from normal atmospheric heating.
Rate of rise heat detectors
Pg 1188
Typically, rate of rise heat detectors are designed to initiate a signal when the rise in temperature exceeds:
12º - 15º F in one minute
Pg 1188
4 types of rate of rise heat detectors are:
Pneumatic rate of rise line heat detector Pneumatic rate of rise spot detector Rate compensated detector Electronic spot type heat detector Pg 1189
______ ____ ____ _____ ______ detectors are used to monitor large areas of a building. These detectors consist of a system of tubing arranged over a wide area of coverage. Limited to about 1000 ft in length and should be arranged in rows that are not more than 30 ft apart.
Pneumatic rate of rise line heat detector
Pg 1189
______ ___ ___ ___ _____ detectors are self contained in one unit that monitors a specific location with tubing.
Pneumatic rate of rise spot detector
Pg 1189
This detector is designed for use in areas normally subject to regular temperature changes that are slower than those under fire conditions; consisting of an outer metallic sleeve that encases two bowed struts with electrical contacts when heated expand and touch.
Rate-compensated detector - fairly slow such as 5º - 6º per minute
Pg 1189
This type of heat detector consistent of one or more temperature sensitive wires called thermistors that produce a marked change electrical resistance when exposed to heat. These can be calibrated to operate as rate of rise detectors and also function as fixed temperature.
Electronic spot type heat dectector
Pg 1190
What type of alarm initiating device detect the presence of smoke or other products of combustion?
Smoke detectors and smoke alarms
Pg 1190
Smoke detectors have two basic types:
Photoelectric and ionization types
Pg 1190
A ______ _____ detector consists of a photoelectric cell coupled with a specific light source - functions in two ways: projected beam application (obscuration) or refractory application (scattered).
Photoelectric smoke detector
Pg 1190
This type of smoke detector uses a tiny amount of radioactive material to ionize air molecules.
Ionization smoke detectors
Pg 1191
_______ _____ detectors generally respond faster to flaming fires than to smoldering ones.
Ionizing smoke detectors
Pg 1192
______ _____ detectors will initiate an alarm signal faster than a heat detector but not as quickly as a smoke detector.
Fire-gas detector
Pg 1194
NFPA standard for sprinkler design and installation:
NFPA 13, standard for the installation of sprinkler systems
Pg 1195
______ ______ ______ are recognized as the most reliable of all fire protection devices
Automatic sprinkler systems
Pg 1195
Sprinklers are commonly rated according to the temperature at which they are designed to operate. This temperature is usually identified in one of three ways:
Color coding the sprinkler frame arms
Color coding the liquid in frangible bulb-type sprinklers
Stamping the temperature into the sprinkler itself
Pg 1197
Three of the most commonly used release mechanisms to activate sprinklers are:
Fusible links
Frangible bulbs
Chemical Pellets
Pg 1195
FDCs for sprinklers usually consist of a ______ _____ with at least two _____ ______ connections with a ______ valve in each connection.
Siamese inlet / 2 1/2” female / clapper
Pg 1202
Types of sprinkler systems:
Wet-pipe Dry-pipe Deluge Pre action Special extinguishing systems Residential Pg 1203
Wet pipe systems are used in locations where temperatures remain above:
40ºF
Pg 1204
What is the valve called that is used to catch excess water that is sent through the alarm valve during momentary water pressure surges?
Retard chamber
Pg 1204
A ____ ____ valve has larger surface area on the air side of the clapper valve than on the water side.
Dry pipe (dry system) Pg 1204
The required air pressure for dry systems is usually about:
20 psi
Pg 1205
A fire suppression system consisting of piping and open sprinklers:
Deluge system
Pg 1205
_____ ______ system operates with closed sprinkler heads and must release when a secondary detection system is tripped.
Preaction sprinkler system
Pg 1207
_______ systems are designed to prevent flashover in the room of fire origin and improve the chance for the occupants to escape or be evacuated.
Residential
Pg 1208
What are the classes of standpipes:
Class I - system provides 2 1/2” connections
Class II - system with 1 1/2” hose and nozzle
Class III - system that combines both Class I and II
Pg 1210-1211
______ _____ refers to any effort to change the pressure in spaces adjacent to the fire area to compartmentilize or exhaust smoke from the area of the fire’s origin.
Smoke-control
Pg 1213
A system designed to protect structure and minimize loss due to fire.
Fire protection system
Pg 1178
