Essentials Ch 17 Flashcards
Defensive strategy is typically selected given one or more of the following factors:
No threat to occupant life exists
Occupants are not savable
The property is not savable
Sufficient resources are not available for an offensive strategy
There is a danger of structural collapse
An offensive strategy would endanger the lives of FFs because of hazardous conditions at the scene
Pg 1006
The defensive strategy is intended to _____ or _____ an incident and keep it from ______.
Isolate / stabilize / expanding
Pg 1006
With regards to resource coordination, at the operation progresses, fire attack must also be coordinate with ______ _____, _____ ______ and victim recovery efforts.
Loss control, cause determination
Pg 1008
What is the opposite of situational awareness?
Having tunnel vision
Pg 1008
Selecting the correct size of hoseline is critical for ______ and _____.
Efficiency and safety
Pg 1009
The backup line performs three critical functions by:
- Protecting the attack hoseline teams from extreme fire behavior
- Protecting the means of egress for the attack hoseline team.
- Provide additional fire suppression capability in the event that the fire increases in volume.
Pg 1009
When selecting the proper nozzle, what three factors will dictate the nozzle and stream selection?
Fire conditions Available water supply Number of firefighters available to safely operate the hoseline Capabilities of the nozzle being used Pg 1009
Depending on the nature and size of the fire, FFs may us a ______, ______ or _______ _____ of attacking the fire.
Direct, indirect or combination method
Pg 1013
A ____ _____ on the fire using a solid or straight stream uses water most on free-burning fires.
Direct attack - directly on the burning fuel
Pg 1013
This method of attack produces large quantities of steam and must be coordinated with ventilation.
Indirect attack - made from outside the structure or involved area.
Pg 1014
A _____ _____ combines cooling the hot gas layer at the ceiling level using an _____ _____ with a ____ ____ on the fuels burning neat the floor area.
Combination method / indirect attack / direct attack
Pg 1014
Using a combination method, move the nozzle from the area overhead to the floor in a ____, ______ _____, or ________ manner.
Z / inverted T / rotational
Pg 1014
In fires in upper levels of structures always check for fire extension _____ ____ ______ _____ before advancing up the stairs.
Below the fire floor
Pg 1016
T / F TICs will provide an accurate assessment of the structural integrity of the floor system.
False
Pg 1019
Various factors divided into specific categories will help determine the tactics used during an offensive strategy as follows:
VALUE - Life / safety hazards at the scene, savable lives, salvageable property
TIME - time to accomplish selected tactics, potential for collapse and deterioration of structural stability and potential changes in fire conditions
SIZE - tactical flow rates needed to control the fire, available resources, and fire conditions
Pg 1005
Cooling the hot gas layer _____ the transfer of heat to other combustibles and ______ the chances of overhead gases _______.
Slows / reduces / igniting
Remember that smoke is fuel.
Pg 1015
To protect exterior exposures either _______ the endangered persons, _______, or items or apply a ______ ______ of water or foam extinguishing agent between the _____ and the _______.
Remove / property / protective spray / fire / exposure
Pg 1022
The following are actions consistent with removing the exposure:
- Evacuating persons who are in the path of fire
- Relocating parked vehicles or railroad cars
- Using forklifts or other heave equipment to move piled storage
- Relocating fire apparatus when fast moving fires have put them in danger
Pg 1022
The electric meter is the ______ ______ for shutting off the power.
Primary location
Pg 1023
High voltage _____ Volts
Low Voltage _____ volts
Excess of 600 volts
Less than 600 volts - typically 120 volts or less
Pg 1023
Most solar panel arrays have _____ _____ _____, one on each side of the _____ _____.
Two shutoff switches / power inverter
Pg 1024
Natural gas in its pure form is _______, which has a flammability range of ___ to ____ percent but is nontoxic. Natural gas is ______ than air so it tends to _____ and _____ in the open.
Methane / 5 - 15% / lighter / rise and diffuse
Pg 1025
LPG is about _____ ____ ____ ______ as _____ as air so it will _____ to the lowest point possible.
One and a half times / heavy / sink
Pg 1026
LPG gas is explosive in concentrations between _____ and _____ percent.
1.5 - 10%
Pg 1026
Four main uses for a master stream:
Direct attack Indirect attack Supplement handlines that are already attacking the fire exteriorly Provide exposure protection Pg 1028
Class C fires involve ______ _____ _____.
Energized electrical equipment
Pg 1031
Once the electrical power is _____ _____, Class C fires may _____ _____. If they do continue to burn, these fires will become either a _____ or ______ fires.
Shut off / self extinguish / Class A or Class B
Pg 1031
Fires in transformers at ground level, use :
A dry chemical or carbon dioxide extinguisher
Pg 1033
Safe distance for personnel and apparatus for an underground electrical vault is:
At least 300 feet
Pg 1034
The first rule in dealing with electrical hazards is to assume:
That all electrical wires, equipment and devices are energized until proven otherwise
Pg 1035
What is an electrical behavior that produces electrical pulses in the ground starting at the point where the power line contacts the earth and expanding out in concentric circles?
Ground gradient
Pg 1036
Combustible metal fires are very hot (Class D), greater than ______.
2000ºF
Pg 1038
Attack a vehicle fire with a _____ angle to avoid potential injuries from exploding hydraulic or pneumatic struts.
45º angle
Pg 1039
Where are Natural gas tanks located in vehicles?
Trunk area, under side panels, or in the open bed of pickups
Pg 1043
Colored wires to avoid due to electrocution hazards with electric vehicles:
Orange, blue and yellow wires
Pg 1045
Three main influences on ground cover fire behavior are:
Fuel Weather Topography Of these weather is most significant Pg 1049
Three basic types of ground fires:
Ground fires
Surface fires
Crown fires
Pg 1049
Of the three types of ground fires, what is the most common?
Surface fire - low lying grass, shrubs etc.
(Ground fires are in the dead organic matter (humus)
(Crown fires are canopy fires that are wind driven -lightening strikes or surface and ground fires are the causes)
Pg 1050
LCES stands for:
Lookout - know where the fire is and where it’s going
Communications - know who is operating where
Escape Routes - know more than one way out
Safe Zones - know how to quickly to an area of refuge
Pg 1055
To accomplish incident priorities (life safety, incident stabilization and property conservation) apply tactics based on RECEO-VS, which stands for:
Rescue Exposures Confinement Extinguishment Overhaul Ventilation Salvage Pg 1057
Two in two out OSHA regulation requires that when two firefighters enter a structure fire that has developed beyond the _____ ______, there must be two fully equipped firefighters to rescue the attack team if necessary.
Incipient stage
Pg 1059
Hazards common to confined spaces:
Oxygen deficiency Flammable gases and vapors Toxic gases Extreme temperatures Explosive dusts Pg 1067
_____ fires involve flammable and combustible liquids and gases.
Class B
Pg 1068
Liquids with flash points of less than 100ºF
Flammable Liquids (gasoline and acetone) Pg 1068
Liquids that have flash points higher than 100ºF
Combustible liquids - kerosene and vegetable oil
Pg 1068
If a closed container, such as a pressure vessel containing liquids or liquified gases is heated, the liquid inside begins _______. When the liquid reaches its boiling point, it begins to return to its ______ state.
Expanding / gaseous
Pg 1070
