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PSYC 203 > LESSON 8: School Age Development > Flashcards

LESSON 8: School Age Development Flashcards

1
Q

short periods of time when a child expresses quick physical growth in height and weight

A

growth spurt

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2
Q

factors of physical development

A
  • height
  • weight
  • appearance
  • visuals
  • hearing
  • abilities
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3
Q

children grow an average of ____ inches a year until th age of 11

A

2 - 3 inches

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4
Q

average height of girls

A

4 ft 10 inches

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5
Q

average height of boys

A

4 ft 9 inche

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6
Q

children gain about ____ pounds or _____ kg a year

A
  • 5 to 7 pounds
  • 2 to 3 kg
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7
Q

changes in the brain include advances in functioning in the ______

A

prefrontal cortex

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8
Q

process in which areas of the brain that are not being used lose synaptic connections and areas that are used show increased connections

A

synaptic pruning

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9
Q

children’s motor skill become much ____ and more ____ then they were in early childhood

A
  • smoother
  • coordinated
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10
Q

motor skills in which boys outperform girls

A

motor skills

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11
Q

motor skills in which girls outperform boy

A

fine motor skills

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12
Q

reflected in the improvement of fine motor skills during middle and late adulthood

A

increased myelination

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13
Q

milestones should be considered as a ____ and not a _____

A
  • guide
  • checklist
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14
Q

physical skills elementary school children can master

A
  • running
  • climbing
  • skipping rope
  • swimming
  • bicycle riding
  • skating
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15
Q

social cognitive process involved in assuming the perspective of others and understanding their thoughts and feelings

A

perspective taskingg

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16
Q

global evaluations of the self

A

self-esteem

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17
Q

self-esteem is also called as

A

self-worth

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18
Q

domain-specific evaluations of the self

A

self-concept

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19
Q

belief that one can master a situation and produce favorable outcomes

A

self-efficacy

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20
Q

managing one’s behavior, emotions, and thoughts

A

self-regulation

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21
Q

parents spend less time with their _____ children

A

less time

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22
Q

parents have important roles as _____ of children’s opportunities, as ___ of their behavior, and as _____ and ______

A
  • manager
  • monitor
  • supporting
  • stimulating academic achievement
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23
Q

more likely to function in these parental management roles

A

mothers

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24
Q

linked to lower level of internalized symptoms, anxiety, and depression in children during middle and late childhood

A

secure attachment

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25
Q

age bracket of industry vs inferiority

A

6 - 12 years old

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26
Q

age bracket of industry vs inferiority

A

6 - 12 years old

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27
Q

peer / sociometric status

A
  • popular children
  • average children
  • neglected children
  • rejected children
  • controversial children
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28
Q

have serious adjustment problems, and some have aggression

A

rejected children

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29
Q

rejected children are _____ nominated as someone’s best friend and are actively disliked by their peers

A

infrequently

30
Q

frequently nominated both as someone’s best friend and as being disliked by peers

A

controversial children

31
Q

usually nominated as best friend, rarely disliked by peers, have many social skills contributing to their being well-liked

A

popular children

32
Q

receive an average number of both positive and negative nominations from their peers

A

average children

33
Q

infrequently nominated as a best friend but are not disliked by their peers

A

neglected children

34
Q

verbal or physical behavior intended to disturb someone less powerful

A

bullying

35
Q

most likely to be affected by bullying

A
  • boys
  • younger middle school students
36
Q

aim to gain higher status in the peer group and to witness their power displays

A

bullies

37
Q

said to have more loneliness and difficulty making friends,

A

victims

38
Q

likely to have low grades and drink alcohol and smoke

A

bullies

39
Q

often victims of bullying

A
  • anxious
  • socially withdrawn
  • aggressive
40
Q

likely to be depressed and suicidal in adolescence

A

victims

41
Q

children who are friends tend to be ____ to each other

A

similar

42
Q

concluded that friends can be cognitive and emotional resources from childhood to old age

A

willard hartup

43
Q

friends can foster ____ and ____-

A
  • self-esteem
  • well-being
44
Q

occurs when children have friends who are socially skilled and supportive

A

developmental advantage

45
Q

6 functions friendship can serve

A
  • companionship
  • stimulation
  • physical support
  • ego support
  • social comparison
  • affection and intimacy
46
Q

stages of friendship

A
  • acquaintances
  • peer / casual friends
  • close friends
  • intimate friends
47
Q

levels of friendship according to robert selman

A
  • friendship: one-way assistance
  • friendship: two-way, fair weather cooperation
  • friendship: intimate, mutually shared relationship
  • friendship: mature friendship
48
Q

by 10 years of age, most children are able to use _____ strategies to cope with stress

A

cognitve

49
Q

children in families that have not been supportive and are characterized by trauma may be ____ by stress that they do not use such strategies

A

overwhelmed

50
Q

mental actions that are reversible

A

operations

51
Q

operations that are applied to real, concrete objects

A

concrete operational

52
Q

allow the child to consider several characteristics rather than focusing on a single property

A

concrete operations

53
Q

centration is present in young children’s _________

A

lack of concentration

54
Q

centering of attention on one characteristic to the exclusion of all others

A

centration

55
Q

ability to order stimuli along a quantitative dimension

A

seriation

56
Q

ability to logically combine relations to understand certain conclusions

A

transitivity

57
Q

during middle and late childhood, changes occur in the way children’s ____is organized

A

mental vocabulary

58
Q

cognitive skills elementary school children can master

A
  • reading and writing skills
  • planning and building
  • telling time and counting money
  • memorizing
  • perspective-taking
  • understanding object conservation
59
Q

time in life when a boy or girl becomes sexually mature

A

puberty period

60
Q

age of early puberty in girls

A

8

61
Q

early puberty in boys

A

9

62
Q

late puberty in girls

A

13

63
Q

late puberty in boys

A

14

64
Q

causes of early puberty

A
  • obesity
  • family genetics
65
Q

rarely, each puberty is caused by ______

A

hormonal imbalances

66
Q

children who start puberty early might be

A
  • teased
  • feel conscious
  • have a poorer body image
  • be more likely to start exploring sexuality earlier
  • seem tall for their age early on, but then stop growing before their peers
  • be treated by grown ups
67
Q

each puberty is much more common in ____

A

girls

68
Q

late puberty is most commonly caused by ______

A

family genetics

69
Q

increasing children’s self-esteem

A
  • identify the causes of lo self-esteem
  • provide emotional support and social approval
  • help children achieve
  • help children cope
70
Q

characterized by considerable variations in growth, patterns. hormones, nutrition, and environment slow, consistent growth

A

physical development

PSYC 203 (11 decks)

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