LESSON 8: School Age Development

Question 1

short periods of time when a child expresses quick physical growth in height and weight

Answer 1

growth spurt

Question 2

factors of physical development

Answer 2

• height
• weight
• appearance
• visuals
• hearing
• abilities

Question 3

children grow an average of ____ inches a year until th age of 11

Answer 3

2 - 3 inches

Question 4

average height of girls

Answer 4

4 ft 10 inches

Question 5

average height of boys

Answer 5

4 ft 9 inche

Question 6

children gain about ____ pounds or _____ kg a year

Answer 6

• 5 to 7 pounds
• 2 to 3 kg

Question 7

changes in the brain include advances in functioning in the ______

Answer 7

prefrontal cortex

Question 8

process in which areas of the brain that are not being used lose synaptic connections and areas that are used show increased connections

Answer 8

synaptic pruning

Question 9

children’s motor skill become much ____ and more ____ then they were in early childhood

Answer 9

• smoother
• coordinated

Question 10

motor skills in which boys outperform girls

Answer 10

motor skills

Question 11

motor skills in which girls outperform boy

Answer 11

fine motor skills

Question 12

reflected in the improvement of fine motor skills during middle and late adulthood

Answer 12

increased myelination

Question 13

milestones should be considered as a ____ and not a _____

Answer 13

• guide
• checklist

Question 14

physical skills elementary school children can master

Answer 14

• running
• climbing
• skipping rope
• swimming
• bicycle riding
• skating

Question 15

social cognitive process involved in assuming the perspective of others and understanding their thoughts and feelings

Answer 15

perspective taskingg

Question 16

global evaluations of the self

Answer 16

self-esteem

Question 17

self-esteem is also called as

Answer 17

self-worth

Question 18

domain-specific evaluations of the self

Answer 18

self-concept

Question 19

belief that one can master a situation and produce favorable outcomes

Answer 19

self-efficacy

Question 20

managing one’s behavior, emotions, and thoughts

Answer 20

self-regulation

Question 21

parents spend less time with their _____ children

Answer 21

less time

Question 22

parents have important roles as _____ of children’s opportunities, as ___ of their behavior, and as _____ and ______

Answer 22

• manager
• monitor
• supporting
• stimulating academic achievement

Question 23

more likely to function in these parental management roles

Answer 23

mothers

Question 24

linked to lower level of internalized symptoms, anxiety, and depression in children during middle and late childhood

Answer 24

secure attachment

Question 25

age bracket of industry vs inferiority

Answer 25

6 - 12 years old

Question 26

age bracket of industry vs inferiority

Answer 26

6 - 12 years old

Question 27

peer / sociometric status

Answer 27

- popular children - average children - neglected children - rejected children - controversial children

Question 28

have serious adjustment problems, and some have aggression

Answer 28

rejected children

Question 29

rejected children are _____ nominated as someone's best friend and are actively disliked by their peers

Answer 29

infrequently

Question 30

frequently nominated both as someone's best friend and as being disliked by peers

Answer 30

controversial children

Question 31

usually nominated as best friend, rarely disliked by peers, have many social skills contributing to their being well-liked

Answer 31

popular children

Question 32

receive an average number of both positive and negative nominations from their peers

Answer 32

average children

Question 33

infrequently nominated as a best friend but are not disliked by their peers

Answer 33

neglected children

Question 34

verbal or physical behavior intended to disturb someone less powerful

Answer 34

bullying

Question 35

most likely to be affected by bullying

Answer 35

- boys - younger middle school students

Question 36

aim to gain higher status in the peer group and to witness their power displays

Answer 36

bullies

Question 37

said to have more loneliness and difficulty making friends,

Answer 37

victims

Question 38

likely to have low grades and drink alcohol and smoke

Answer 38

bullies

Question 39

often victims of bullying

Answer 39

- anxious - socially withdrawn - aggressive

Question 40

likely to be depressed and suicidal in adolescence

Answer 40

victims

Question 41

children who are friends tend to be ____ to each other

Answer 41

similar

Question 42

concluded that friends can be cognitive and emotional resources from childhood to old age

Answer 42

willard hartup

Question 43

friends can foster ____ and ____-

Answer 43

- self-esteem - well-being

Question 44

occurs when children have friends who are socially skilled and supportive

Answer 44

developmental advantage

Question 45

6 functions friendship can serve

Answer 45

- companionship - stimulation - physical support - ego support - social comparison - affection and intimacy

Question 46

stages of friendship

Answer 46

- acquaintances - peer / casual friends - close friends - intimate friends

Question 47

levels of friendship according to robert selman

Answer 47

- friendship: one-way assistance - friendship: two-way, fair weather cooperation - friendship: intimate, mutually shared relationship - friendship: mature friendship

Question 48

by 10 years of age, most children are able to use _____ strategies to cope with stress

Answer 48

cognitve

Question 49

children in families that have not been supportive and are characterized by trauma may be ____ by stress that they do not use such strategies

Answer 49

overwhelmed

Question 50

mental actions that are reversible

Answer 50

operations

Question 51

operations that are applied to real, concrete objects

Answer 51

concrete operational

Question 52

allow the child to consider several characteristics rather than focusing on a single property

Answer 52

concrete operations

Question 53

centration is present in young children's _________

Answer 53

lack of concentration

Question 54

centering of attention on one characteristic to the exclusion of all others

Answer 54

centration

Question 55

ability to order stimuli along a quantitative dimension

Answer 55

seriation

Question 56

ability to logically combine relations to understand certain conclusions

Answer 56

transitivity

Question 57

during middle and late childhood, changes occur in the way children's ____is organized

Answer 57

mental vocabulary

Question 58

cognitive skills elementary school children can master

Answer 58

- reading and writing skills - planning and building - telling time and counting money - memorizing - perspective-taking - understanding object conservation

Question 59

time in life when a boy or girl becomes sexually mature

Answer 59

puberty period

Question 60

age of early puberty in girls

Answer 60

8

Question 61

early puberty in boys

Answer 61

9

Question 62

late puberty in girls

Answer 62

13

Question 63

late puberty in boys

Answer 63

14

Question 64

causes of early puberty

Answer 64

- obesity - family genetics

Question 65

rarely, each puberty is caused by ______

Answer 65

hormonal imbalances

Question 66

children who start puberty early might be

Answer 66

- teased - feel conscious - have a poorer body image - be more likely to start exploring sexuality earlier - seem tall for their age early on, but then stop growing before their peers - be treated by grown ups

Question 67

each puberty is much more common in ____

Answer 67

girls

Question 68

late puberty is most commonly caused by ______

Answer 68

family genetics

Question 69

increasing children's self-esteem

Answer 69

- identify the causes of lo self-esteem - provide emotional support and social approval - help children achieve - help children cope

Question 70

characterized by considerable variations in growth, patterns. hormones, nutrition, and environment slow, consistent growth

Answer 70

physical development