LESSON 3: Freud's Psychoanalytic Perspective Flashcards
modifications, extensions, or revisions of Freud’s original psychoanalytic theory
neo-freudian
method of investigating and treating personality disorders that are commonly used in psychotherapy
psychoanalytical perspective
past experiences of people during childhood can contribute to the way they later function as adults
True or False
true
3 regions of the mind
- conscious
- preconscious
- unconscious
mental elements in awareness at any given point in time
conscious
conscious is a highly ______ state
fugitive
turned toward the outer world and acts as a medium for the perception of external stimuli
perceptual conscious system
contains all elements that are not conscious but can become conscious either quite readily or with some difficulty
preconscious
memories and emotions that have not been repressed can be _______
preconscious
consists of thoughts and feelings that are repressed and therefore unknown
unconscious
unconscious holds the _____ area
largest
region of the mind where the id resides
unconscious
discharge of previously repressed effects or emotions connected to traumatic events that occur when these events are brought back into someone’s consciousness and re-experienced
catharsis
people could achieve catharsis by bringing _____ and ____ to light
- unconscious feelings
- memories
3 parts of personality
- id
- ego
- superego
represents the norms & qualities of the individual, his family and society
superego
unorganized part of the personality structure that contains a human’s basic, instinctual drives
id
mind’s avenue to the real world; mediates between the id and the external world
ego
rational thinking that includes intellectual activities such as perception, logical thought, problem-solving, and memory
secondary-process thought
moral principle
superego
reality priinciple
ego
pleasure principle
id
coping styles used during moments of anxiety brought by unresolved libidinous urges
defense mechanisms
8 types of defense mechanisms
- repression
- regression
- denial
- rationalization
- reaction-formation
- fixation
- projection
- displacement
refusing to believe or even perceive painful realities
denial
work by banishing any thoughts, feelings, or memories that cause anxiety in the unconscious
repression
disguising one’s own threatening impulses by attributing them to others
projection
offering self-justifying explanations in place of the real, more threatening unconscious reasons for one’s action
rationalization
switching unacceptable impulses into their opposites
reaction-formation
shifting sexual or aggressive impulses towards a more acceptable or less threatening object or person
displacement
retreating to a more infantile psychosexual stage, where some psychic energy remains fixated
regression
a lingering focus of pleasure-seeking energies at an earlier psychosexual stage in which conflicts were unresolved
fixation
5 stages of psychosexual development
- oral
- anal
- phallic
- latency
- genital
childhood personality problems were the result of early experiences in life
True or False
False - adult personality problems
parts of the body that have especially strong pleasure-giving qualities at particular stages of development
erogenous zones
3 erogenous zones
- mouth
- anus
- genitals
occurs during the first 18 months of life when the infant’s pleasure centers on the mouth
oral
pleasure focuses on the genitals as the child discovers that self-stimulation is enjoyable
phallic
phallic stage triggers the ______
oedipus complex
final stage of psychosexual development; time of sexual reawakening, but the source of sexual pleasure now becomes someone outside the family
genital
the child’s greatest pleasure involves the anus or the eliminative functions associated with it
anal
the child represses all interest in sexuality and develops social and intellectual skills
latency
men were affected by their inability to bear children
womb envy
when female children notice their lack of a penis, they see it as a deficit
penis envy
attraction of daughter to father
electra complex
attraction of son to mother
oedipus complex
5 mechanisms of development
- maturation
- external frustrations
- internal conflicts
- personal inadequacies
- anxiety
certain skills, knowledge, expertise, or experience that the person needs but lacks
personal inadequacies
cause a painful buildup of tension and force children to delay and detour their discharge of energy
external frustration
external frustration come from ___ or ___ that do not allow the immediate expression of needs
- people
- events
involves changes in the nervous system, motor development, hormonal changes, drives, and so on
maturation
unpleasant feeling that occurs when the child anticipates physical or psychological pain
anxiety
3 types of anxiety
- neurotic anxiety
- moral anxiety
- realistic anxiety
arise from the battle among the id, ego, and superego, or more specifically, between drives and forces of repression
internal conflicts
2 types of drives
- sexual drives
- death drives
apprehension about an unknown danger
neurotic anxiety
unpleasant, nonspecific, feeling involving a possible danger
realistic anxiety
stems from the conflict between the ego and the superego
moral anxiety
can be expressed via narcissism, love, sadism, and masochism
sexual drives
expressed via teasing, gossip, sarcasm, humiliation, humor and enjoyment of other people’s suffering
death drives
operate as a constant motivational force
drives
Freud believed that the entire body is invested with libido, especially in the erogenous zones
True or False
true
the aim of the destructive drive is to return the organism to an ______ state
inorganic
destructive state
death drives
energy for sexual drive
libido
