LESSON 5.2: The Newborn Infant Flashcards
process of receiving information from the environment through our sensory organs
sensation
process of interpreting and organizing the incoming information in order to understand and react accordingly
perception
methods to assess infants perception
- visual preference method
- habituation
- dishabituation
- familiarization
- tracking
- evoked potentials
moving eyes and/or head to follow moving objects
tracking
procedure for testing infant perceptual and cognitive skills by presenting an item for a set number of time or trials and then comparing infant interest in the familiar item with interest in a novel one
familiarization
method of presenting a novel item to see if the infant shows refreshed interest
dishabituation
observing infant viewing preferences to two or more items
visual preference method
in visual preference method, infants are presented with different stimuli ______ and observed to see which ones they look at _____
- simultaneously
- longest
brain’s responses to various stimulation are measured using electrical conductivity
evoked potentials
decreased responsiveness to stimuli after being repeatedly exposed to it
habituation
sensory capacities
- vision
- hearing
- smell
- taste
- touch and pain
least well-developed of the infant’s senses
vision
procedure for testing infant auditory skills in which infants suck on a dummy or pacifier to maintain a sound if interested
High amplitude sucking (HAS)
___ is evident as soon as the seventh month of age
hearing
infants can distinguish mother’s scent at ______
the time of birth
4 basic tastes neonates can distinguish
- sweet
- sour
- salty
- bitter
newborns prefer _____ flavors
sweet
taste sensitivity ____ with age
weakens
newborns are ______ to touch and temperature
sensitive
involuntary movements in response to stimulation
reflexes
10 types of reflexes
- sucking reflex
- rooting reflex
- grasping reflex
- stepping reflex
- swimming reflex
- tonic neck reflex
- moro relfex
- babinski reflex
- gag reflex
- eye blink reflex
infant’s reflex to clear its throat
gag reflex
occurs in response to a sudden, intense noise or movement
moro reflex
moro reflex is also known as _____
startle reflex
prepares infants for independent locomotion
stepping reflex
neonate’s tendency to turn its head toward things that touch its cheek
rooting reflex
develops hand-eye coordination
tonic neck reflex
newborn’s tendency to automatically suck an object placed in its mouth
sucking reflex
occurs when something touches the infant’s palms
grasping reflex
involves the use of fingers and palm in grasping
palmar grasp reflex
deals with the foot in grasping
plantar grasp reflex
tendency to paddle and kick in a sort of swimming motion when lying face down in a body of water
swimming reflex
an infant fans out its toes in response to a stroke on the outside of its foot
babinski reflex
rapid shutting and opening of eye on exposure to direct light
eye blink reflex
occurs in an orderly sequence as infants move from reflexive reactions to more advanced functioning
motor development
motor development principles;
- cephalocaudal
- proximodistal
ability to move our bodies and manipulate objects
motor skills
motor skills:
- gross-motor
- fine-motor
motor skills:
- gross-motor
- fine-motor
involves large-muscle activities
gross motor skills
involves more finely tuned movements; enable coordination of small actions
fine motor skills
infants conduct an understanding of the world by coordinating sensory experiences with physical, motoric actions
sensorimotor stage
at the beginning of sensorimotor stage:
reflexive (rely only on reflexes)
at the end of sensorimotor stage:
reflective (can produce complex sensorimotor patterns and use primitive symbols)
6 substages of sensorimotor stage
- simple reflexes
- first habits and primary circular reactions
- secondary circular reactions
- coordination of secondary circular reactions
- tertiary secondary reactions
- internalization of schemes
infants become intrigued by the many properties of objects and by the many things they can make happen to objects
tertiary circular reactions
coordination of sensation and two types of schemes
first habits and primary circular reaction
coordination of sensation and action
simple reflexes
repeat actions that bring interesting results
secondary circular reactions
infants develop the ability to use primitive symbols and form enduring mental representations
internalization of schemes
coordination of vision and touch (hand-eye coordination)
coordination of secondary circular reactions
understanding that objects continue to exist even when they cannot be seen, heard, or touched
object permanence
form of communication, whether spoken, written or signed, that is based on a system of symbols
language
language development of infants:
- crying
- cooing
- understands first words
- babbling
- transition from the universal linguist to language-specific listener
- using gestures
- speaking one’s first word
- vocabulary spurt starts
- two-word utterances
use of short and precise words without grammatical markers
telegraphic speech
