LESSON 5.2: The Newborn Infant

Question 1

process of receiving information from the environment through our sensory organs

Answer 1

sensation

Question 2

process of interpreting and organizing the incoming information in order to understand and react accordingly

Answer 2

perception

Question 3

methods to assess infants perception

Answer 3

• visual preference method
• habituation
• dishabituation
• familiarization
• tracking
• evoked potentials

Question 4

moving eyes and/or head to follow moving objects

Answer 4

tracking

Question 5

procedure for testing infant perceptual and cognitive skills by presenting an item for a set number of time or trials and then comparing infant interest in the familiar item with interest in a novel one

Answer 5

familiarization

Question 6

method of presenting a novel item to see if the infant shows refreshed interest

Answer 6

dishabituation

Question 7

observing infant viewing preferences to two or more items

Answer 7

visual preference method

Question 8

in visual preference method, infants are presented with different stimuli ______ and observed to see which ones they look at _____

Answer 8

• simultaneously
• longest

Question 9

brain’s responses to various stimulation are measured using electrical conductivity

Answer 9

evoked potentials

Question 10

decreased responsiveness to stimuli after being repeatedly exposed to it

Answer 10

habituation

Question 11

sensory capacities

Answer 11

• vision
• hearing
• smell
• taste
• touch and pain

Question 12

least well-developed of the infant’s senses

Answer 12

vision

Question 13

procedure for testing infant auditory skills in which infants suck on a dummy or pacifier to maintain a sound if interested

Answer 13

High amplitude sucking (HAS)

Question 14

___ is evident as soon as the seventh month of age

Answer 14

hearing

Question 15

infants can distinguish mother’s scent at ______

Answer 15

the time of birth

Question 16

4 basic tastes neonates can distinguish

Answer 16

• sweet
• sour
• salty
• bitter

Question 17

newborns prefer _____ flavors

Answer 17

sweet

Question 18

taste sensitivity ____ with age

Answer 18

weakens

Question 19

newborns are ______ to touch and temperature

Answer 19

sensitive

Question 20

involuntary movements in response to stimulation

Answer 20

reflexes

Question 21

10 types of reflexes

Answer 21

• sucking reflex
• rooting reflex
• grasping reflex
• stepping reflex
• swimming reflex
• tonic neck reflex
• moro relfex
• babinski reflex
• gag reflex
• eye blink reflex

Question 22

infant’s reflex to clear its throat

Answer 22

gag reflex

Question 23

occurs in response to a sudden, intense noise or movement

Answer 23

moro reflex

Question 24

moro reflex is also known as _____

Answer 24

startle reflex

Question 25

prepares infants for independent locomotion

Answer 25

stepping reflex

Question 26

neonate's tendency to turn its head toward things that touch its cheek

Answer 26

rooting reflex

Question 27

develops hand-eye coordination

Answer 27

tonic neck reflex

Question 28

newborn's tendency to automatically suck an object placed in its mouth

Answer 28

sucking reflex

Question 29

occurs when something touches the infant's palms

Answer 29

grasping reflex

Question 30

involves the use of fingers and palm in grasping

Answer 30

palmar grasp reflex

Question 31

deals with the foot in grasping

Answer 31

plantar grasp reflex

Question 32

tendency to paddle and kick in a sort of swimming motion when lying face down in a body of water

Answer 32

swimming reflex

Question 33

an infant fans out its toes in response to a stroke on the outside of its foot

Answer 33

babinski reflex

Question 34

rapid shutting and opening of eye on exposure to direct light

Answer 34

eye blink reflex

Question 35

occurs in an orderly sequence as infants move from reflexive reactions to more advanced functioning

Answer 35

motor development

Question 36

motor development principles;

Answer 36

- cephalocaudal - proximodistal

Question 37

ability to move our bodies and manipulate objects

Answer 37

motor skills

Question 38

motor skills:

Answer 38

- gross-motor - fine-motor

Question 39

motor skills:

Answer 39

- gross-motor - fine-motor

Question 40

involves large-muscle activities

Answer 40

gross motor skills

Question 41

involves more finely tuned movements; enable coordination of small actions

Answer 41

fine motor skills

Question 42

infants conduct an understanding of the world by coordinating sensory experiences with physical, motoric actions

Answer 42

sensorimotor stage

Question 43

at the beginning of sensorimotor stage:

Answer 43

reflexive (rely only on reflexes)

Question 44

at the end of sensorimotor stage:

Answer 44

reflective (can produce complex sensorimotor patterns and use primitive symbols)

Question 45

6 substages of sensorimotor stage

Answer 45

- simple reflexes - first habits and primary circular reactions - secondary circular reactions - coordination of secondary circular reactions - tertiary secondary reactions - internalization of schemes

Question 46

infants become intrigued by the many properties of objects and by the many things they can make happen to objects

Answer 46

tertiary circular reactions

Question 47

coordination of sensation and two types of schemes

Answer 47

first habits and primary circular reaction

Question 48

coordination of sensation and action

Answer 48

simple reflexes

Question 49

repeat actions that bring interesting results

Answer 49

secondary circular reactions

Question 50

infants develop the ability to use primitive symbols and form enduring mental representations

Answer 50

internalization of schemes

Question 51

coordination of vision and touch (hand-eye coordination)

Answer 51

coordination of secondary circular reactions

Question 52

understanding that objects continue to exist even when they cannot be seen, heard, or touched

Answer 52

object permanence

Question 53

form of communication, whether spoken, written or signed, that is based on a system of symbols

Answer 53

language

Question 54

language development of infants:

Answer 54

- crying - cooing - understands first words - babbling - transition from the universal linguist to language-specific listener - using gestures - speaking one's first word - vocabulary spurt starts - two-word utterances

Question 55

use of short and precise words without grammatical markers

Answer 55

telegraphic speech