Lesson 6 Flashcards
1
Q
Cholecyst/o
A
Gallbladder
2
Q
Cirrh/o
A
Orange-yellow
3
Q
Col/o, Colon/o
A
Colon, large intestine
4
Q
Duoden/o
A
Duodenum
5
Q
Enter/o
A
Small intestine
6
Q
Esophag/o
A
Esophagus
7
Q
Gastr/o
A
Stomach
8
Q
Gingiv/o
A
Gums
9
Q
Hepat/o
A
Liver
10
Q
Ile/o
A
Ileum
11
Q
Lapar/o
A
Abdomen
12
Q
Lingu/o
A
Tongue
13
Q
Lith/o
A
Stone, calculus
14
Q
Or/o
A
Mouth
15
Q
Pept/o
A
Digestion
16
Q
Proct/o
A
Rectum and anus
17
Q
Rect/o
A
Rectum
18
Q
Sigmoid/o
A
Sigmoid colon
19
Q
Stomat/o
A
Mouth
20
Q
anti-
A
Against
21
Q
dys-
A
Difficult, painful
22
Q
hyper-
A
Increased
23
Q
mal-
A
Bad, poor
24
Q
sub-
A
Below
25
-al
Pertaining to
26
-cele
Hernia
27
-eal
Pertaining to
28
-ectomy
Surgical removal
29
-emesis
Vomiting
30
-graphy
Process of recording
31
-ic
Pertaining to
32
-itis
Inflammation
33
-lithiasis
Presence of stones
34
-megaly
Abnormal enlargement
35
-ologist
Specialist
36
-osis
Abnormal condition
37
-paresis
Partial paralysis
38
-pepsia
Digestion
39
-phagia
Eating, swallowing
40
-plasty
Surgical repair
41
-rrhea
Flow, discharge
42
-scopy
Visual examination
43
-stomy
Surgical creation of a new opening
44
anastomosis
is a surgical connection between two hollow or tubular structures.
45
anorexia nervosa
is an eating disorder characterized by an intense fear of gaining weight and refusal to maintain a normal body weight.
46
aphthous ulcers
also known as canker sores, are lesions found on the soft tissues lining the mouth that look like grey-white pits with a red border.
47
ascites
is an abnormal accumulation of serous fluid in the peritoneal cavity.
48
bariatrics
is the branch of medicine concerned with the prevention and control of obesity and allied diseases.
49
borborygmus
is the rumbling noise caused by the movement of gas in the intestine.
50
bulimia nervosa
is an eating disorder characterized by frequent episodes of binge eating followed by compensatory behaviors such as self-induced vomiting.
51
cachexia
is a condition of physical wasting away due to the loss of weight and muscle mass that occurs in patients with diseases such as advanced cancer or AIDS.
52
cholangiography
is a radiographic examination of the bile ducts with the use of a contrast medium.
53
cholecystectomy
is the surgical removal of the gallbladder.
54
cholecystitis
is inflammation of the gallbladder that is usually associated with gallstones blocking the flow of bile.
55
cholelithiasis
is the presence of gallstones in the gallbladder or bile ducts.
56
colonoscopy
is the direct visual examination of the inner surface of the colon from the rectum to the cecum.
57
esophageal varices
are enlarged and swollen veins at the lower end of the interior of the esophagus.
58
gastroesophageal reflux disease
is the upward flow of acid from the stomach into the esophagus, also known as GERD.
59
herpes labialis
also known as cold sores or fever blisters, are blister-like sores located on the lips and adjacent facial tissue.
60
melena
is the passage of stools with a black and tar-like appearance caused by the presence of digested blood
61
morbid obesity
is the condition of weighing two to three times, or more, than the ideal weight.
62
nasogastric intubation
is the placement of a tube through the nose and into the stomach.
63
sigmoidoscopy
is the endoscopic examination of the interior of the rectum, sigmoid colon, and possibly a portion of the descending colon.
64
Anastomosis
Surgical connection between two hollow or tubular structures
65
Ascending
Upward
66
Bariatrics
The field of medicine dealing with the treatment of obesity
67
Bowel
Intestine
68
Deglutition
Swallowing
69
Dentition
Condition of the teeth
70
Descending
Downward
71
Emesis
The act of vomiting
72
Eructation
Belching or burping
73
Fissure
Crack-like sore of the skin
74
Flares or Flare up
Intervals of intensification of active disease
75
Hernia
The protrusion of an organ or part through the tissues that normally contain it.
76
Ligation
The tying off of blood vessels
77
Mastication
Chewing
78
Morbid obesity
A condition in which excess body fat has an adverse effect on the person's health.
79
Occult blood
Blood that is not visibly apparent and can be detected only by lab testing
80
Parenteral
Outside of or bypassing the digestive system
81
Prolapse
The slipping or dropping down of an organ or body part from its normal position
82
Reflux
Stomach contents flowing backward into the esophagus
83
Sphincter
A ring of muscles that function to close a body opening
84
Stricture
Abnormal narrowing of a bodily passage
85
Transverse
Across
86
Ulcer
Open lesion of the skin or mucous membrane
87
Varices
Enlarged and swollen veins
88
BM
Bowel movement
89
BMI
Body mass index
90
C. diff
Clostridium difficile
91
E. coli
Escherichia coli
92
EGD
Esophagogastroduodenoscopy
93
GERD
Gastroesophageal reflux disease
94
GI
Gastrointestinal
95
IBD
Inflammatory bowel disease
96
IBS
Irritable bowel syndrome
97
PUD
Peptic ulcer disease
98
TPN
Total parenteral nutrition
99
UC
Ulcerative colitis
100
Mouth (Oral Cavity)
Food begins its journey through the digestive system in the mouth. Other organs of the oral cavity also aid in the digestion of food-lips, tongue, palate (roof of the mouth), teeth, and salivary glands. The lips hold the food in the mouth while the teeth chop it into small pieces. The food is moistened by saliva before the tongue pushes it into the throat. During swallowing, the soft palate prevents food and liquid from moving upward into the nasal cavity.
101
Pharynx (Throat)
The pharynx allows the chewed food to pass from the mouth to the esophagus. A flap of tissue, known as the epiglottis, closes off the entrance to the trachea (windpipe) during swallowing.
102
Esophagus
The esophagus is a muscular tube that carries food and liquids from the pharynx to the stomach. The walls of the esophagus propel food to the stomach by rhythmic waves of muscular contractions called peristalsis.
103
Stomach
The stomach is a hollow sac that serves as a storage area for food. It also mixes the food with acid and enzymes so it is more easily digested. Mucus coats the cells of the stomach lining to protect them from being damaged by the acid and enzymes.
104
Small Intestine
The stomach releases food into the small intestine. This coiled organ takes up most of the space in the abdominal cavity and consists of three sections-duodenum, jejunum, and ileum. Ultimately, by the time food leaves the small intestines, about 90% of the nutrients have been absorbed into the bloodstream.
105
Large Intestine
The large intestine wraps around the top and sides of the small intestine. It is here that the waste products of digestion are processed in preparation for excretion from the body. The many bacteria that inhabit the large intestine can further digest some material. The major parts of the large intestine are the cecum, colon, rectum, and anus.
106
Liver
The liver is the largest internal organ in the body. The liver has many different functions in the body, but the main function in digestion is the production of bile and its secretion into the small intestine. Bile is a greenish-yellow fluid that is necessary for the digestion of fat.
107
Gallbladder
The gallbladder stores bile for later use.
108
Pancreas
The pancreas is a glandular organ in the upper abdomen. It secretes pancreatic juices (water, salt, sodium bicarbonate, and digestive enzymes) to aid in digestion and help neutralize stomach acids.
109
Ingestion
The intake of food provides the nutrients that the body uses to provide energy for all the functions of the body.
110
Secretion
The digestive system secretes saliva, mucus, hydrochloric acid, enzymes, and bile to aid in digestion, lubricate the GI tract, and protect the body from bacteria present in food.
111
Movement
Peristalsis is the wave-like motion that moves the digested food down the GI tract.
112
Digestion
Mechanical digestion is the physical breakdown of pieces of food into smaller pieces. Chemical digestion breaks down complex food molecules into smaller molecules that are easier to absorb by the action of acid, enzymes, and pancreatic juice.
113
Absorption
Most absorption of nutrients takes place in the small intestine where blood and lymphatic vessels in the intestinal wall pick up the molecules and carry them to the rest of the body.
114
Excretion
The final function of the digestive system is the removal of indigestible substances and other waste products from the body in a process known as defecation.
115
Diverticulosis
Diverticula are small, bulging pouches that are most commonly located in the colon. A single pouch is called a diverticulum. These pouches occur when the inner layer of the digestive tract pushes through weak spots in the outer layer. Most people with this condition, called diverticulosis, are not aware of it because it usually does not cause symptoms.
116
Diverticulitis
Diverticulosis may, however, lead to diverticultitis, which occurs when bacteria are trapped in the diverticula, and they become infected. This condition usually produces localized abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, constipation, and fever. Treatment includes antibiotics to treat the infection and a liquid diet to allow the bowel to heal. Repeated attacks of diverticulitis may require surgery to remove the affected portion of the colon.
117
Cholelithiasis
Cholelithiasis is the presence of gallstones in the gallbladder. Gallstones are solid, pebble-like deposits that form inside the gallbladder. It is not clear what causes gallstones to form, but the presence of excess cholesterol in the bile makes gallstones more likely.
118
Abdominal Hernia
A hernia of the abdominal wall is a protrusion of the abdominal contents through an acquired or congenital area of weakness in the wall. Abdominal hernias (also called ventral hernias) are extremely common, particularly among males, necessitating about 700,000 operations each year in the US.
119
Colorectal Cancer
Colorectal cancer often begins as a growth called a polyp on the surface of the intestinal or rectal lining. Most polyps are not cancerous, but some polyps may develop into cancer time. As the cancer grows, it begins to invade the wall of the intestine or rectum. Nearby lymph nodes also may be invaded. Because blood from the wall of the intestine and much of the rectum is carried to the liver, colorectal cancer can metastasize to the liver.
120
Fecal occult blood test (FOBT)
A laboratory test to check stool for blood that can only be seen with a microscope.
121
Barium enema
Also called a lower GI series, a liquid contrast medium (barium) is injected into the rectum that coats the lower GI tract. X-rays are then taken of the rectum and colon.
122
Colonoscopy
During colonoscopy, a flexible tube with a tiny camera at the end called a colonoscope is inserted through the rectum and into the colon. The camera at the end of the scope transmits video images onto a screen, allowing the physician to examine the inner walls of the colon. If necessary, the physician may remove polyps using tools inserted though the colonoscope.
