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Medical Terminology > Lesson 6 > Flashcards

Lesson 6 Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

Cholecyst/o

A

Gallbladder

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2
Q

Cirrh/o

A

Orange-yellow

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3
Q

Col/o, Colon/o

A

Colon, large intestine

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4
Q

Duoden/o

A

Duodenum

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5
Q

Enter/o

A

Small intestine

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6
Q

Esophag/o

A

Esophagus

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7
Q

Gastr/o

A

Stomach

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8
Q

Gingiv/o

A

Gums

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9
Q

Hepat/o

A

Liver

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10
Q

Ile/o

A

Ileum

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11
Q

Lapar/o

A

Abdomen

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12
Q

Lingu/o

A

Tongue

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13
Q

Lith/o

A

Stone, calculus

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14
Q

Or/o

A

Mouth

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15
Q

Pept/o

A

Digestion

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16
Q

Proct/o

A

Rectum and anus

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17
Q

Rect/o

A

Rectum

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18
Q

Sigmoid/o

A

Sigmoid colon

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19
Q

Stomat/o

A

Mouth

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20
Q

anti-

A

Against

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21
Q

dys-

A

Difficult, painful

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22
Q

hyper-

A

Increased

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23
Q

mal-

A

Bad, poor

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24
Q

sub-

A

Below

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25
Q

-al

A

Pertaining to

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26
Q

-cele

A

Hernia

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27
Q

-eal

A

Pertaining to

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28
Q

-ectomy

A

Surgical removal

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29
Q

-emesis

A

Vomiting

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30
Q

-graphy

A

Process of recording

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31
Q

-ic

A

Pertaining to

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32
Q

-itis

A

Inflammation

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33
Q

-lithiasis

A

Presence of stones

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34
Q

-megaly

A

Abnormal enlargement

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35
Q

-ologist

A

Specialist

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36
Q

-osis

A

Abnormal condition

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37
Q

-paresis

A

Partial paralysis

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38
Q

-pepsia

A

Digestion

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39
Q

-phagia

A

Eating, swallowing

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40
Q

-plasty

A

Surgical repair

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41
Q

-rrhea

A

Flow, discharge

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42
Q

-scopy

A

Visual examination

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43
Q

-stomy

A

Surgical creation of a new opening

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44
Q

anastomosis

A

is a surgical connection between two hollow or tubular structures.

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45
Q

anorexia nervosa

A

is an eating disorder characterized by an intense fear of gaining weight and refusal to maintain a normal body weight.

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46
Q

aphthous ulcers

A

also known as canker sores, are lesions found on the soft tissues lining the mouth that look like grey-white pits with a red border.

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47
Q

ascites

A

is an abnormal accumulation of serous fluid in the peritoneal cavity.

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48
Q

bariatrics

A

is the branch of medicine concerned with the prevention and control of obesity and allied diseases.

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49
Q

borborygmus

A

is the rumbling noise caused by the movement of gas in the intestine.

50
Q

bulimia nervosa

A

is an eating disorder characterized by frequent episodes of binge eating followed by compensatory behaviors such as self-induced vomiting.

51
Q

cachexia

A

is a condition of physical wasting away due to the loss of weight and muscle mass that occurs in patients with diseases such as advanced cancer or AIDS.

52
Q

cholangiography

A

is a radiographic examination of the bile ducts with the use of a contrast medium.

53
Q

cholecystectomy

A

is the surgical removal of the gallbladder.

54
Q

cholecystitis

A

is inflammation of the gallbladder that is usually associated with gallstones blocking the flow of bile.

55
Q

cholelithiasis

A

is the presence of gallstones in the gallbladder or bile ducts.

56
Q

colonoscopy

A

is the direct visual examination of the inner surface of the colon from the rectum to the cecum.

57
Q

esophageal varices

A

are enlarged and swollen veins at the lower end of the interior of the esophagus.

58
Q

gastroesophageal reflux disease

A

is the upward flow of acid from the stomach into the esophagus, also known as GERD.

59
Q

herpes labialis

A

also known as cold sores or fever blisters, are blister-like sores located on the lips and adjacent facial tissue.

60
Q

melena

A

is the passage of stools with a black and tar-like appearance caused by the presence of digested blood

61
Q

morbid obesity

A

is the condition of weighing two to three times, or more, than the ideal weight.

62
Q

nasogastric intubation

A

is the placement of a tube through the nose and into the stomach.

63
Q

sigmoidoscopy

A

is the endoscopic examination of the interior of the rectum, sigmoid colon, and possibly a portion of the descending colon.

64
Q

Anastomosis

A

Surgical connection between two hollow or tubular structures

65
Q

Ascending

A

Upward

66
Q

Bariatrics

A

The field of medicine dealing with the treatment of obesity

67
Q

Bowel

A

Intestine

68
Q

Deglutition

A

Swallowing

69
Q

Dentition

A

Condition of the teeth

70
Q

Descending

A

Downward

71
Q

Emesis

A

The act of vomiting

72
Q

Eructation

A

Belching or burping

73
Q

Fissure

A

Crack-like sore of the skin

74
Q

Flares or Flare up

A

Intervals of intensification of active disease

75
Q

Hernia

A

The protrusion of an organ or part through the tissues that normally contain it.

76
Q

Ligation

A

The tying off of blood vessels

77
Q

Mastication

A

Chewing

78
Q

Morbid obesity

A

A condition in which excess body fat has an adverse effect on the person’s health.

79
Q

Occult blood

A

Blood that is not visibly apparent and can be detected only by lab testing

80
Q

Parenteral

A

Outside of or bypassing the digestive system

81
Q

Prolapse

A

The slipping or dropping down of an organ or body part from its normal position

82
Q

Reflux

A

Stomach contents flowing backward into the esophagus

83
Q

Sphincter

A

A ring of muscles that function to close a body opening

84
Q

Stricture

A

Abnormal narrowing of a bodily passage

85
Q

Transverse

A

Across

86
Q

Ulcer

A

Open lesion of the skin or mucous membrane

87
Q

Varices

A

Enlarged and swollen veins

88
Q

BM

A

Bowel movement

89
Q

BMI

A

Body mass index

90
Q

C. diff

A

Clostridium difficile

91
Q

E. coli

A

Escherichia coli

92
Q

EGD

A

Esophagogastroduodenoscopy

93
Q

GERD

A

Gastroesophageal reflux disease

94
Q

GI

A

Gastrointestinal

95
Q

IBD

A

Inflammatory bowel disease

96
Q

IBS

A

Irritable bowel syndrome

97
Q

PUD

A

Peptic ulcer disease

98
Q

TPN

A

Total parenteral nutrition

99
Q

UC

A

Ulcerative colitis

100
Q

Mouth (Oral Cavity)

A

Food begins its journey through the digestive system in the mouth. Other organs of the oral cavity also aid in the digestion of food-lips, tongue, palate (roof of the mouth), teeth, and salivary glands. The lips hold the food in the mouth while the teeth chop it into small pieces. The food is moistened by saliva before the tongue pushes it into the throat. During swallowing, the soft palate prevents food and liquid from moving upward into the nasal cavity.

101
Q

Pharynx (Throat)

A

The pharynx allows the chewed food to pass from the mouth to the esophagus. A flap of tissue, known as the epiglottis, closes off the entrance to the trachea (windpipe) during swallowing.

102
Q

Esophagus

A

The esophagus is a muscular tube that carries food and liquids from the pharynx to the stomach. The walls of the esophagus propel food to the stomach by rhythmic waves of muscular contractions called peristalsis.

103
Q

Stomach

A

The stomach is a hollow sac that serves as a storage area for food. It also mixes the food with acid and enzymes so it is more easily digested. Mucus coats the cells of the stomach lining to protect them from being damaged by the acid and enzymes.

104
Q

Small Intestine

A

The stomach releases food into the small intestine. This coiled organ takes up most of the space in the abdominal cavity and consists of three sections-duodenum, jejunum, and ileum. Ultimately, by the time food leaves the small intestines, about 90% of the nutrients have been absorbed into the bloodstream.

105
Q

Large Intestine

A

The large intestine wraps around the top and sides of the small intestine. It is here that the waste products of digestion are processed in preparation for excretion from the body. The many bacteria that inhabit the large intestine can further digest some material. The major parts of the large intestine are the cecum, colon, rectum, and anus.

106
Q

Liver

A

The liver is the largest internal organ in the body. The liver has many different functions in the body, but the main function in digestion is the production of bile and its secretion into the small intestine. Bile is a greenish-yellow fluid that is necessary for the digestion of fat.

107
Q

Gallbladder

A

The gallbladder stores bile for later use.

108
Q

Pancreas

A

The pancreas is a glandular organ in the upper abdomen. It secretes pancreatic juices (water, salt, sodium bicarbonate, and digestive enzymes) to aid in digestion and help neutralize stomach acids.

109
Q

Ingestion

A

The intake of food provides the nutrients that the body uses to provide energy for all the functions of the body.

110
Q

Secretion

A

The digestive system secretes saliva, mucus, hydrochloric acid, enzymes, and bile to aid in digestion, lubricate the GI tract, and protect the body from bacteria present in food.

111
Q

Movement

A

Peristalsis is the wave-like motion that moves the digested food down the GI tract.

112
Q

Digestion

A

Mechanical digestion is the physical breakdown of pieces of food into smaller pieces. Chemical digestion breaks down complex food molecules into smaller molecules that are easier to absorb by the action of acid, enzymes, and pancreatic juice.

113
Q

Absorption

A

Most absorption of nutrients takes place in the small intestine where blood and lymphatic vessels in the intestinal wall pick up the molecules and carry them to the rest of the body.

114
Q

Excretion

A

The final function of the digestive system is the removal of indigestible substances and other waste products from the body in a process known as defecation.

115
Q

Diverticulosis

A

Diverticula are small, bulging pouches that are most commonly located in the colon. A single pouch is called a diverticulum. These pouches occur when the inner layer of the digestive tract pushes through weak spots in the outer layer. Most people with this condition, called diverticulosis, are not aware of it because it usually does not cause symptoms.

116
Q

Diverticulitis

A

Diverticulosis may, however, lead to diverticultitis, which occurs when bacteria are trapped in the diverticula, and they become infected. This condition usually produces localized abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, constipation, and fever. Treatment includes antibiotics to treat the infection and a liquid diet to allow the bowel to heal. Repeated attacks of diverticulitis may require surgery to remove the affected portion of the colon.

117
Q

Cholelithiasis

A

Cholelithiasis is the presence of gallstones in the gallbladder. Gallstones are solid, pebble-like deposits that form inside the gallbladder. It is not clear what causes gallstones to form, but the presence of excess cholesterol in the bile makes gallstones more likely.

118
Q

Abdominal Hernia

A

A hernia of the abdominal wall is a protrusion of the abdominal contents through an acquired or congenital area of weakness in the wall. Abdominal hernias (also called ventral hernias) are extremely common, particularly among males, necessitating about 700,000 operations each year in the US.

119
Q

Colorectal Cancer

A

Colorectal cancer often begins as a growth called a polyp on the surface of the intestinal or rectal lining. Most polyps are not cancerous, but some polyps may develop into cancer time. As the cancer grows, it begins to invade the wall of the intestine or rectum. Nearby lymph nodes also may be invaded. Because blood from the wall of the intestine and much of the rectum is carried to the liver, colorectal cancer can metastasize to the liver.

120
Q

Fecal occult blood test (FOBT)

A

A laboratory test to check stool for blood that can only be seen with a microscope.

121
Q

Barium enema

A

Also called a lower GI series, a liquid contrast medium (barium) is injected into the rectum that coats the lower GI tract. X-rays are then taken of the rectum and colon.

122
Q

Colonoscopy

A

During colonoscopy, a flexible tube with a tiny camera at the end called a colonoscope is inserted through the rectum and into the colon. The camera at the end of the scope transmits video images onto a screen, allowing the physician to examine the inner walls of the colon. If necessary, the physician may remove polyps using tools inserted though the colonoscope.

Medical Terminology (19 decks)

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