Lesson 12 Flashcards
1
Q
reproductive system
A
The reproductive system ensures the continuation of the species. Within the context of producing offspring, the reproductive system has four functions:
To produce egg and sperm cells To transport and sustain these cells To nurture the developing offspring To produce hormones The female reproductive system includes the ovaries, fallopian tubes, uterus, cervix, and vagina.
The male reproductive system includes the testes, scrotum, spermatic ducts, prostate, and penis.
2
Q
Balan/o
A
Glans penis
3
Q
Cervic/o
A
Cervix
4
Q
Colp/o
A
Vagina
5
Q
Crypt/o
A
Hidden
6
Q
Gynec/o
A
Female
7
Q
Hemat/o
A
Blood
8
Q
Hyster/o
A
Uterus
9
Q
Leuk/o
A
White
10
Q
Mamm/o
A
Breast
11
Q
Mast/o
A
Breast
12
Q
Men/o
A
Menstruation
13
Q
Metr/o
A
Uterus
14
Q
My/o
A
Muscle
15
Q
Nat/o
A
Birth
16
Q
Olig/o
A
Scanty
17
Q
Oophor/o
A
Ovaries
18
Q
Orchi/o, orchid/o
A
Testicles
19
Q
Ovari/o
A
Ovaries
20
Q
Pen/i
A
Penis
21
Q
Phall/i
A
Penis
22
Q
Salping/o
A
Fallopian tubes
23
Q
Spermat/o
A
Sperm
24
Q
Testicu/o
A
Testicles
25
Uter/o
Uterus
26
Vagin/o
Vagina
27
Vas/o
Vas deferens
28
dys-
Painful
29
endo-
Within
30
hyper-
Increased, excessive
31
hypo-
Decreased, deficient
32
neo-
new
33
nulli-
None
34
peri-
Surrounding
35
poly-
Many
36
post-
After
37
primi-
First
38
-algia
Pain
39
cele
Hernia
40
-centesis
Surgical puncture to remove fluid
41
-dynia
Pain
42
-ectomy
Surgical removal
43
-genesis
Creation
44
-gravida
Pregnant
45
-itis
Inflammation
46
-ologist
Specialist
47
-otomy
Surgical incision
48
-pause
Stopping
49
-para
To give birth
50
-pexy
Surgical fixation
51
-rrhagia
Bleeding
52
-rrhea
Discharge
53
-rrhexis
To rupture
54
-scopy
Visual examination
55
andropause
is marked by the decrease of the male hormone testosterone, often referred to as male menopause.
56
apgar score
is an evaluation of a newborn infant's physical status at 1 and 5 minutes after birth.
57
chlamydia
which is caused by the bacterium Chlamydia trachomatis, is the most common sexually transmitted disease.
58
colostrum
is a specialized form of milk that delivers essential nutrients and antibodies in a form that the newborn can digest.
59
ectopic pregnancy
is a potentially dangerous condition in which a fertilized egg is implanted and begins to develop outside of the uterus.
60
endometriosis
is a condition in which patches of endometrial tissue escape the uterus and become attached to other structures in the pelvic cavity.
61
gonorrhea
is a highly contagious sexually transmitted disease is characterized by painful urination and an abnormal discharge from the penis or vagina.
62
leukorrhea
is a profuse, whitish mucus discharge from the uterus and vagina.
63
menarche
is the beginning of the menstrual function, which occurs during puberty.
64
nulligravida
is a woman who has never been pregnant.
65
nullipara
is a woman who has never borne a viable child.
66
perimenopause
is the transition phase between regular menstrual periods and no periods at all.
67
placenta previa
is the abnormal implantation of the placenta in the lower portion of the uterus.
68
preeclampsia
is a complication of pregnancy characterized by hypertension (high blood pressure), edema (swelling), and proteinuria (an abnormally high level of protein in the urine).
69
primigravida
is a woman during her first pregnancy.
70
primipara
is a woman who has borne one viable child.
71
pruritus vulvae
is a condition of severe itching of the external female genitalia.
72
syphilis
which is caused by the bacterium Treponema pallidum, is a highly contagious sexually transmitted disease that can be fatal if not treated.
73
trichomoniasis
is an infection caused by the protozoan parasite Trichomonas vaginalis, also known as trich.
74
vasovasostomy
is a procedure performed as an attempt to restore fertility to a vasectomized male.
75
C-section
Cesarean section
76
Cx
Cervix
77
D&C
Dilation and Curettage
78
DCIS
Ductal Carcinoma In Situ
79
DUB
Dysfunctional Uterine Bleeding
80
GYN
Gynecology
81
HPV
Human Papillomavirus
82
HRT
Hormone Replacement Therapy
83
IUD
Intrauterine Device
84
IVF
In Vitro Fertilization
85
LMP
Last Menstrual Period
86
NICU
Neonatal Intensive Care Unit
87
OB
Obstetrician
88
Pap test
Papanicolaou
89
PCOS
Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome
90
PID
Pelvic Inflammatory Disease
91
PMS
Premenstrual Syndrome
92
STD
Sexually Transmitted Disease
93
VBAC
Vaginal Birth After a Cesarean
94
Ovaries
The ovaries are a pair of small glands that produce female sex hormones (estrogen and progesterone) as well as ova (eggs), the female gametes.
95
Fallopian tubes
The fallopian tubes are funnel-shaped passages next to the ovary. They have a number of finger-like projections known as fimbriae on the end near the ovary. When an egg is released by the ovary, it is "caught" by one of the fimbriae and transported along the fallopian tube to the uterus. It is on this journey down the fallopian tube that fertilization may occur if a sperm penetrates the egg.
96
Uterus
The uterus is a hollow cavity that exists to house a developing fertilized egg. The thick wall of the uterus is composed of three layers. The perimetrium is the layer of tissue that lines the outside of the uterus. The myometrium is the middle layer of the uterus that is primarily made up of smooth muscle. The endometrium is the inner layer of the uterus that is shed each month if no pregnancy occurs.
97
Cervix
The cervix is the lower, narrow end of the uterus that forms a canal between the uterus and vagina.
98
Vagina
The vagina is an elastic, muscular tube that connects the cervix of the uterus to the exterior of the body. The vagina functions as the receptacle for the penis during sexual intercourse. It also serves as the birth canal of the fetus during childbirth. During menstruation, the menstrual flow exits the body via the vagina.
99
Testicles
The two testicles, or testes, produce and store millions of tiny sperm cells. The testicles are also part of the endocrine system because they produce hormones, including testosterone.
100
Epididymis and Vas Deferens
The epididymis and the vas deferens make up the duct system of the male reproductive organs. The vas deferens is a muscular tube that passes upward alongside the testicles and transports the sperm-containing fluid called semen. The epididymis is a set of coiled tubes (one for each testicle) that connects to the vas deferens.
101
Scrotum
The epididymis and the testicles hang in a pouch-like structure outside the pelvis called the scrotum. This bag of skin helps to regulate the temperature of testicles, which need to be kept cooler than body temperature to produce sperm.
102
Seminal Vesicles and Prostate Gland
The seminal vesicles and the prostate gland provide fluids that lubricate the duct system and nourish the sperm.
103
Penis
The penis is the external male sex organ and is made up of two parts: the shaft and the glans. The shaft is the main part of the penis and the glans is the tip. At the end of the glans is a small slit or opening, which is where semen and urine exit the body through the urethra.
104
Reproduction Cycle
About once a month, an ovum (egg) is released by the female's ovary and sent down the fallopian tube-a process known as ovulation. Sperm enters the fallopian tube and burrows into the egg-a process known as fertilization. This union forms a single cell known as a zygote. The zygote then becomes implanted in the lining of the uterus. The uterus expands dramatically as the egg develops into an embryo and then a growing fetus. When the fetus is mature enough to survive outside of the womb, the cervix dilates, and contractions of the uterus propel it through the birth canal.
Reproductive structures begin to form in the embryonic stage. By week 6, gonads and genitalia are present but undifferentiated. Whether they become male or female is determined by one chromosome delivered by the sperm.
105
Gender
The female egg contains an X sex chromosome, and the male sperm contains either an X or a Y sex chromosome. If the chromosome pair is XY, the gonads develop into testes starting in week 7. If the chromosome pair is XX, the gonads become ovaries starting in week 8.
Testes secrete testosterone, forming male genitalia around week 10. Without testosterone, female genitalia form. All reproductive structures are in place at birth or shortly after. At puberty, an increase in sex hormones will grow them to their adult size and reproductive capability.
106
Gravida
ndicates the number of times the woman has been pregnant (current and past), regardless of the pregnancy outcomes.
107
Para
idicates the number of viable births. Pregnancies consisting of multiples, such as twins or triplets, count as ONE birth for the purpose of this notation.
108
Abortus
is the number of pregnancies that were lost for any reason, including induced abortions or miscarriages. The abortus term is not used when no pregnancies have been lost.
109
G3P3
A woman who has had three pregnancies, all of which resulted in live births, would be G3P3.
110
G3P2A1
A woman who has had three pregnancies, one of which was an abortion, would be G3P2A1.
111
G2P0A2
A woman who has had two pregnancies, both of which resulted in miscarriages, would be G2P0A2.
