Lesson 5 Flashcards
1
Q
Alveol/o
A
Alveoli
2
Q
Bronch/o
A
Bronchial tube
3
Q
Cyan/o
A
Blue
4
Q
Hem/o
A
Blood
5
Q
Laryng/o
A
Larynx, voice box
6
Q
Nas/o
A
Nose
7
Q
Orth/o
A
Straight
8
Q
Ox/i
A
Oxygen
9
Q
Pharyng/o
A
Pharynx, throat
10
Q
Pneumon/o
A
Lung, air
11
Q
Pulmon/o
A
Lung
12
Q
Py/o
A
Pus
13
Q
Rhin/o
A
Nose
14
Q
Spir/o
A
To breathe
15
Q
Trache/o
A
Trach ea, windpipe
16
Q
a-, an-
A
Without
17
Q
brady-
A
Slow
18
Q
dys-
A
Difficult, painful
19
Q
eu-
A
Good, normal
20
Q
hyper-
A
Increased
21
Q
hypo-
A
Decreased, deficient
22
Q
para-
A
Beside
23
Q
tachy-
A
Fast, rapid
24
Q
-centesis
A
Surgical puncture to remove fluid
25
-dynia
Pain
26
-ectomy
Surgical removal
27
-ia
Abnormal condition
28
-itis
Inflammation
29
-metry
To measure
30
-ologist
Specialist
31
-osis
Abnormal condition
32
-ostomy
Creation of an opening
33
-otomy
Surgical incision into
34
-plasty
Surgical repair
35
-pnea
Breathing
36
-ptysis
Spitting up, coughing up
37
-rrhagia
Bleeding
38
-rrhea
Flow, discharge
39
-scopy
Visual examination
40
anoxia
is the absence of oxygen from the body's gases, blood, or tissues.
41
anthracosis
also known as black lung disease, is the form of pneumoconiosis caused by coal dust in the lungs.
42
apnea
is the absence of spontaneous respiration.
43
asbestosis
is the form of pneumoconiosis caused by asbestos particles in the lungs.
44
aspiration pneumonia
can develop when a foreign substance, such as vomit, is inhaled into the lungs.
45
bradypnea
is an abnormally slow rate of respiration usually of less than 10 breaths per minute.
46
Cheyne-Stokes respiration
is a pattern of alternating periods of slow breathing and the absence of breathing that are followed by rapid breathing.
47
cystic fibrosis
is a genetic disorder in which the lungs and pancreas are clogged with large quantities of abnormally thick mucus.
48
dysphonia
is any change in vocal quality, including hoarseness, weakness, or the cracking of a boy's voice in puberty.
49
dyspnea
is difficult or labored breathing also known as shortness of breath.
50
emphysema
is the progressive loss of lung function that is commonly attributed to long term smoking.
51
Endotrachial intubation
is the passage of a tube through the nose or mouth into the trachea to establish or maintain an open airway.
52
pertussis
is a contagious bacterial infection of the upper respiratory tract, also known as whooping cough.
53
pneumoconiosis
is an abnormal condition caused by dust in the lungs that usually develops after years of environmental or occupational contact.
54
polysomnography
also known as a sleep apnea study, is a diagnostic test that measures physiological activity during sleep.
55
tachypnea
is an abnormally rapid rate of respiration usually of more than 20 breaths per minute.
56
thoracentesis
is the surgical puncture of the chest wall with a needle to remove fluid from the pleural cavity.
57
thoracostomy
is the surgical creation of an opening into the chest cavity that is performed to establish drainage of empyema.
58
tracheostomy
is the creation of an opening into the trachea and insertion of a tube to facilitate the passage of air or the removal of secretions.
59
tracheotomy
is an emergency procedure performed to gain access to the airway below a blockage.
60
Acute
A disease or symptom that begins suddenly or worsens quickly
61
Aspiration
The accidental breathing in of food or fluid into the lungs
62
Chronic
A disease or symptom persisting for a long time
63
Edema
An abnormal accumulation of fluid in certain tissues within the body
64
Effusion
Escape of fluid from blood or lymph vessels into the tissues or body cavity
65
Exacerbation
An increase in the severity of a disease; worsening
66
Exhalation
The act of breathing out
67
Fibrosis
Normal tissue is replaced by hardened tissue
68
Inhalation
The act of drawing air into the lungs
69
Interstitial
The spaces around a tissue or an organ
70
Intubation
Insertion of a plastic tube into the trachea to maintain an open airway
71
Latent
Describes a condition that is present but not active or causing symptoms
72
Mucous membrane
Sheetlike tissues that act as a lining with cells that secrete mucus
73
Nosocomial
Acquired in a hospital, especially in reference to an infection
74
Phlegm
A type of mucus made in the lower respiratory tract
75
Respiration
The exchange of oxygen for carbon dioxide; breathing
76
Septum
Wall that separates two sides, such as between the nostrils or the chambers of the heart
77
Serous membrane
Sheetlike tissues that act as a lining with cells that secrete fluid
78
Sputum
Phlegm that is coughed up and ejected through the mouth
79
Stoma
The surgically created opening on a body surface following a colostomy or tracheostomy
80
Visceral
Relating to the soft internal organs of the body, including the lungs, the heart, and the organs of the digestive, urinary, reproductive, and circulatory systems
81
ARDS
Acute respiratory distress syndrome
82
CAP
Community acquired pneumonia
83
CF
Cystic fibrosis
84
CO2
Carbon dioxide
85
COPD
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
86
CPAP
Continuous positive airway pressure
87
CXR
Chest x-ray
88
LLL
Left lower lobe (of lung)
89
LUL
Left upper lobe (of lung)
90
NG tube
Nasogastric tube
91
O2
Oxygen
92
OSA
Obstructive sleep apnea
93
PE
Pulmonary embolism
94
PFT
Pulmonary function test
95
PNA
Pneumonia
96
PPD
Tuberculin skin test (stands for purified protein derivative)
97
RLL
Right lower lobe (of lung)
98
RUL
Right upper lobe (of lung)
99
SOB
Shortness of breath
100
TB
Tuberculosis
101
URI
Upper respiratory infection
102
Nasal cavity
Air enters the nasal cavity through two openings called the nostrils or nares. The nasal cavity is lined with a mucous membrane. The mucus that lines the mucous membrane provides a physical barrier against invasion by pathogens (harmful microorganisms), dust, and pollen. It is sticky and traps these particles when they enter the nasal cavity. In addition, inhaled air is warmed and moistened by the tissue that lines the nasal cavity.
103
Olfactory receptors
Humans have 12 million receptor cells for smell in the extreme upper region of the nasal cavity (olfactory region). By contrast, a dog has 4 billion receptor cells, which is why they can be trained to sniff for drugs, explosives, and dead bodies.
104
Paranasal sinuses
Paranasal sinuses are air-filled cavities that surround the nasal cavity. They function to reduce the weight of the skull, to produce mucus, and to influence voice quality by acting as resonating chambers. The four paranasal sinuses are maxillary, ethmoid, sphenoid, and frontal.
105
Pharynx
Commonly known as the throat, the pharynx is a passageway that serves both the respiratory and digestive systems. The pharynx receives air after it passes through the nose or mouth.
106
Larynx
Commonly known as the voice box, the larynx lies between the pharynx and the trachea. Air exhaled from the lungs passes through the larynx and vibrates the vocal folds, which creates sound.
107
Trachea
Commonly known as the windpipe, the trachea is the main airway to the lungs. The trachea divides into two large branches (primary bronchi), which channel air to the right or left lung.
108
Lungs
Two lungs expand and contract to supply oxygen to tissues all over the body and dispose of carbon dioxide. Each lung is enclosed by a double-layered serous membrane, called the pleura. This membrane also divides each lung into sections called lobes. The right lung has three lobes. The left lung has two lobes to make room for the heart.
109
Bronchi and Bronchioles
The bronchi and bronchioles are a network of intricate passages that supply the lungs with air. The primary bronchi run into each lung before branching off into smaller bronchi. These smaller bronchi subdivide into increasingly smaller branches called bronchioles. Each bronchiole further splits into many smaller branches called terminal bronchioles. Finally, the millions of tiny terminal bronchioles conduct air to the alveoli of the lungs.
110
Alveoli
The alveoli (air sacs) are very small, grapelike clusters found at the end of each bronchiole. Exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide between the air in the lungs and the blood in the capillaries occurs across the walls of the millions of alveoli in each lung.
111
Diaphragm
The diaphragm is a muscular sheet between the base of the lungs and the abdominal cavity. It is the contraction and relaxation of this muscle that makes breathing possible.
112
Asthma
Asthma is a chronic lung condition with inflammation, constriction of the airways, and difficulty breathing. Worsening of asthma symptoms usually occurs after exposure to factors known as triggers. Identifying which factors trigger an attack and taking steps to avoid the triggers are important parts of asthma management.
113
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD)
COPD is a condition marked by progressive destruction of the air sacs in the lungs and loss of respiratory membrane for oxygen exchange. This lung damage leads to shortness of breath, coughing, wheezing, and fatigue. Unfortunately, the symptoms of COPD cannot be completely eliminated with treatment, and the condition continues to worsen over time.
114
Lung Cancer
Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer deaths in the United States for both men and women. It claims more lives each year than colon, prostate, ovarian, and breast cancers combined. Cigarette smoking is estimated to cause 80 to 85 percent of all lung cancers in the United States.
115
Pneumonia
Pneumonia is an infection of one or both of the lungs that causes the alveoli (air sacs) to fill up with fluid or pus. There are approximately four million cases of community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) in the United States each year. Community-acquired pneumonia refers to pneumonia that develops in the community rather than in a hospital or nursing home.
116
Asbestosis
This condition is caused when a person breathes in tiny asbestos fibers. Over time, this leads to scarring of the lungs and stiff lung tissue. It's often linked with construction and shipyard work. Patients have a high risk of developing mesothelioma.
117
Mesothelioma
Mesothelioma is a tumor of the tissue that lines the pleura. It is a disease of people who worked at jobs where they inhaled asbestos particles. It can be benign or malignant. Treatment of malignant mesothelioma can involve surgery, radiation, and/or chemotherapy.
118
Pneumoconiosis or black lung disease
This disease is caused by inhaling coal dust and is common in coal miners. It causes inflammation and scarring of the lungs.
119
Silicosis
This condition is caused by breathing in silica dust. This is a dust found in sandblasting operations and glass manufacturing facilities. It causes scarring of the lungs and increases the risk for other lung diseases.
120
Influenza
Influenza (commonly called the flu) is a highly contagious illness that can occur in children or adults of any age. It occurs more often in the winter months because people spend more time in close contact with one another. The flu is spread easily from person to person by coughing, sneezing, or touching infected surfaces. Flu symptoms include cough, fever, muscle aches, runny nose, sore throat, weakness, and fatigue.
