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AQA bio (Alevel) > Lesson 4 - Intro to monomers & polymers - carbohydrates (monosaccharides) > Flashcards

Lesson 4 - Intro to monomers & polymers - carbohydrates (monosaccharides) Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What are the 4 main examples of biological molecules?

A

Carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, nucleic acids

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2
Q

Polymerisation definition

A

the formation of polymers from monomers joining together

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3
Q

Polymer definition

A

A molecule made up of many similar repeating units

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4
Q

Monomers definition

A

The smaller units from which larger molecules are made

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5
Q

A condensation reaction

A

A chemical reaction in which the joining of two organic compounds results in the production and release of water

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6
Q

A hydrolysis reaction

A

The process of breaking bonds through the addition of water - converting a larger molecule into smaller molecules

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7
Q

What are the polymers of these monomers?
Monosaccharides
Amino acids
Nucleotides

A

Monosaccharides - polysaccharides (carbohydrates)
Amino acids - polypeptides (proteins)
Nucleotides - nucleic acids (e.g. DNA & RNA)

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8
Q

What is name of 2 monosaccharides joined together? Give an example

A

A disaccharide, e.g. maltose

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9
Q

What does a condensation reaction between 2 monosaccharides form?

A

A glycosidic bond

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10
Q

Maltose is a disaccharide formed by condensation of…

A

2 glucose molecules

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11
Q

Sucrose is a disaccharide formed by condensation of…

A

A glucose molecule and a fructose molecule

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12
Q

Lactose is a disaccharide formed by condensation of…

A

A glucose molecule and a galactose molecule

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13
Q

What are the 2 isomers of glucose?

A

Alpha - glucose
Beta - glucose

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14
Q

Which glucose molecule are glycogen and starch formed from?

A

Condensation of Alpha-glucose

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15
Q

Which glucose molecule is cellulose formed from?

A

Condensation of Beta-glucose

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16
Q

What 3 elements are carbohydrates made from?

A

Carbon, hydrogen and oxygen

17
Q

What’s the general formula of monosaccharides?

A

C:H:O
1:2:1

18
Q

What is the general name for each of these monosaccharide examples:
Glucose
Ribose
Glyceraldehyde
Fructose

A

Glucose - Hexose
Ribose - Pentose
Glyceraldehyde - Triose
Fructose - Hexose

19
Q

Formula for tetrase

A

C4H8O4

20
Q

How many bonds can carbon make?

A

4 (covalent) bond

21
Q

What are isomers?

A

Molecules with the same chemical formula, and often with the same kinds of bonds between atoms, but in which the atoms are arranged differently. That is to say, they have different structural formulae.

AQA bio (Alevel) (24 decks)

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