Lesson 4 - Intro to monomers & polymers - carbohydrates (monosaccharides) Flashcards
What are the 4 main examples of biological molecules?
Carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, nucleic acids
Polymerisation definition
the formation of polymers from monomers joining together
Polymer definition
A molecule made up of many similar repeating units
Monomers definition
The smaller units from which larger molecules are made
A condensation reaction
A chemical reaction in which the joining of two organic compounds results in the production and release of water
A hydrolysis reaction
The process of breaking bonds through the addition of water - converting a larger molecule into smaller molecules
What are the polymers of these monomers?
Monosaccharides
Amino acids
Nucleotides
Monosaccharides - polysaccharides (carbohydrates)
Amino acids - polypeptides (proteins)
Nucleotides - nucleic acids (e.g. DNA & RNA)
What is name of 2 monosaccharides joined together? Give an example
A disaccharide, e.g. maltose
What does a condensation reaction between 2 monosaccharides form?
A glycosidic bond
Maltose is a disaccharide formed by condensation of…
2 glucose molecules
Sucrose is a disaccharide formed by condensation of…
A glucose molecule and a fructose molecule
Lactose is a disaccharide formed by condensation of…
A glucose molecule and a galactose molecule
What are the 2 isomers of glucose?
Alpha - glucose
Beta - glucose
Which glucose molecule are glycogen and starch formed from?
Condensation of Alpha-glucose
Which glucose molecule is cellulose formed from?
Condensation of Beta-glucose
What 3 elements are carbohydrates made from?
Carbon, hydrogen and oxygen
What’s the general formula of monosaccharides?
C:H:O
1:2:1
What is the general name for each of these monosaccharide examples:
Glucose
Ribose
Glyceraldehyde
Fructose
Glucose - Hexose
Ribose - Pentose
Glyceraldehyde - Triose
Fructose - Hexose
Formula for tetrase
C4H8O4
How many bonds can carbon make?
4 (covalent) bond
What are isomers?
Molecules with the same chemical formula, and often with the same kinds of bonds between atoms, but in which the atoms are arranged differently. That is to say, they have different structural formulae.
