Lesson 31 - Cell specialisation & organisation. Viruses. Flashcards
1
Q
What is the structure of eukaryotic cells?
A
- cell surface membrane
- nucleus (containing chromosomes, consisting of protein bound, linear DNA, and 1 ore more nuclei
- mitochondria
- chloroplasts
- golgi apparatus and golgi vesicles
- lysosomes (a membrane bound organelle that releases hydrolytic enzymes)
- ribosomes
- rough and smooth endoplasmic reticulum
- cell wall (in plants algae and funghi)
- cell vacuole (in plants)
2
Q
what is the structure of red blood cells relating to their function?
A
- biconcave discs with no nucleus, carry oxygen
- cytoplasm containing haemoglobin
3
Q
what are the specialised cells that make up the nasal epithelium?
A
- ciliated cell
- goblet cell
- basal cell
4
Q
What structures do prokaryotic cells have that make them different from eukaryotic cells?
A
- cytoplasm that lacks membrane bound organelles
- smaller (70s) ribosomes
- no nucleus (they have a singular circular DNA molecule that is free in the cytoplasm and isn’t associated with proteins)
- a cell wall that contains murein (a glycoprotein)
5
Q
What structures may prokaryotic cells have that make them different from eukaryotic cells?
A
- 1 or more plasmids
- a acpsule surrounding the cell
- 1 or more flagella
6
Q
What is the general structure of a virus?
A
- attachment proteins
- capsid (protei coat)
- core of genetic material (DNA or RNA)
7
Q
What is the structure of HIV?
A
- attachment proteins
- capsid (protei coat)
- core of genetic material (DNA or RNA)
- matrix
- lipid envelope
- reverse transcriptase enzyme
8
Q
What is the process of viral replication?
A
- Virus attaches to host cell via receptors on the host cell surface membrane
- The virus injects its genetic material into the host cell and this is used to synthesise viral proteins
- New virus particles are assembled
- New viruses burst out of, and damage/destroy the host cell
